RADIATION-INDUCED STERILITY IN THE INSECT RHODNIUS PROLIXUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Baldwin ◽  
Evelyn L. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Very High

Immature fifth instar Rhodnius nymphs and adults of both sexes were exposed to various doses of 2 MVP X-rays, chosen to produce reductions in fertility up to and including complete sterility. In male insects irradiated as fifth instar nymphs and reared to the adult stage, sterilizing doses interfered with mating, thus making these males useless as a means of inhibiting the growth of populations into which they are introduced. Exposure in the adult stage, on the other hand, had less effect on mating behavior. Thus, with a very high dose (17,500 r) and high ratios of sterile to fertile males, a substantial reduction occurred in percentage of viable eggs from normal females. However, this was true for the first month only. In the second and third months, the effect on population fertility disappeared, a result of the early deaths of irradiated males. Greater effectiveness in limiting population growth over extended periods might be expected to result from the introduction of males that had been partially sterilized by exposure to lower doses.

Absorbed dose-to-water protocol applied to synchrotron-generated x-rays at very high dose rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (14) ◽  
pp. N349-N361 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Fournier ◽  
J C Crosbie ◽  
I Cornelius ◽  
P Berkvens ◽  
M Donzelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Absorbed Dose To Water ◽  
Very High

INFLUENCE OF GAMMA RADIATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FERTILITY OF THE CODLING MOTH, CARPOCAPSA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Proverbs ◽  
J. R. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dominant Lethality

Exposure of the mature pupa or the newly emerged adult of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), to 40,000 rads of gamma radiation induced dominant lethality in at least 98% of the sperm without affecting adult emergence, mating behavior, or adult longevity. Higher dosages decreased the frequency of mating. Irradiation of eggs, mature larvae, or young pupae induced dominant lethality in a high percentage of the sperm, but caused prohibitively high mortality and frequently reduced mating. The female was more radiosensitive than the male. In general, sensitivity decreased as development progressed from the egg to the adult stage.

scholarly journals Protective effect of trimetazidine in radiation-induced cardiac fibrosis in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Jinmeng Zhang ◽  
Xinjia He ◽  
Xinya Bai ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Peng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Radiation-induced heart damage is a serious side effect caused by radiotherapy, especially during the treatment of cancer near the chest. Trimetazidine is effective at reducing inflammation in the heart, but how it affects radiation-induced cardiac fibrosis (RICF) is unknown. To investigate the potential effect and molecular mechanism, we designed this project with a C57BL6 male mouse model supposing trimetazidine could inhibit RICF in mice. During the experiment, mice were randomly divided into six groups including a control group (Con), radiation-damaged model group (Mod) and four experimental groups receiving low-dose (10 mg/kg/day) or high-dose (20 mg/kg/day) trimetazidine before or after radiation treatment. Apart from the control group, all mice chests were exposed to 6 MV X-rays at a single dose of 20 Gy to induce RICF, and tissue analysis was done at 8 weeks after irradiation. Fibroblast or interstitial tissues and cardiac fibrosis-like characteristics were determined using haematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining, which can be used to assess myocardial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR were used to determine gene expression and study the molecular mechanism. As a result, this study suggests that trimetazidine inhibits RICF by reducing gene expression related to myocyte apoptosis and fibrosis formation, i.e. connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, smad2 and smad3. In conclusion, by regulating the CTGF/TGF-β1/Smad pathway, trimetazidine could be a prospective drug for clinical treatment of RICF.

Erfahrungen mit einem High Dose-Therapiekonzept beim metastasierenden differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
J. Ruhlmann ◽  
B. Ammari ◽  
R. Knopp ◽  
A. Hotze ◽  
H.-J. Biersack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Radioiodine Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Significant Regression

Three patients with pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma were treated with radioiodine. As a first treatment either 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) or 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) were given followed by doses of 11.1 GBq (300 mCi)131I. In one patient the pulmonary metastases disappeared completely, the two other patients showed a significant regression. In one patient possibly radiation-induced pancytopenic changes appeared after the third and fourth radioiodine treatment, in the other two patients side-effects were not seen.

scholarly journals The effect of ionising radiation on the phenotype of bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1115) ◽  
pp. 20200319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Kis ◽  
Eszter Persa ◽  
Tünde Szatmári ◽  
Lilla Antal ◽  
Attila Bóta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Cell Subpopulations

Objectives: Ionising radiation-induced alterations affecting intercellular communication in the bone marrow (BM) contribute to the development of haematological pathologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-coated particles released by cells, have important roles in intercellular signalling in the BM. Our objective was to investigate the effects of ionising radiation on the phenotype of BM-derived EVs of total-body irradiated mice. Methods: CBA mice were irradiated with 0.1 Gy or 3 Gy X-rays. BM was isolated from the femur and tibia 24 h after irradiation. EVs were isolated from the BM supernatant. The phenotype of BM cells and EVs was analysed by flow cytometry. Results: The mean size of BM-derived EVs was below 300 nm and was not altered by ionising radiation. Their phenotype was very heterogeneous with EVs carrying either CD29 or CD44 integrins representing the major fraction. High-dose ionising radiation induced a strong rearrangement in the pool of BM-derived EVs which were markedly different from BM cell pool changes. The proportion of CD29 and CD44 integrin-harbouring EVs significantly decreased and the relative proportion of EVs with haematopoietic stem cell or lymphoid progenitor markers increased. Low-dose irradiation had limited effect on EV secretion. Conclusions: Ionising radiation induced selective changes in the secretion of EVs by the different BM cell subpopulations. Advances in knowledge: The novelty of the paper consists of performing a detailed phenotyping of BM-derived EVs after in vivo irradiation of mice.

Marked depression of radiation-induced emesis in frogs following prior exposure to a brief dose of X-rays

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 828-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihisa Miyachi ◽  
Takahisa Koike ◽  
Kenzo Muroi ◽  
Tomoko Kanao ◽  
Taro Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Acute Emesis ◽  
Radiation Induced

Acute emesis response to harmful doses of X-rays on frogs (Rana porosa porosa) was examined. Results showed that the number of radioemesis events following exposure to 0.85 Gy was slightly higher than in the sham control animals. The increase in emesis action became more pronounced when the total dose of radiation was raised to 2.5 Gy. Only 1 frog out of a total of 12 did not show vomiting following radiation, while no response was observed in sham control animals. Note that animals in which the low dose rate of radiation was applied to whole body did not display any changes in the emesis response relative to control animals. The present studies, and those by others, showed that a brief dose of X-rays prior to a second exposure to a sub-lethal dose might induce a tolerance to radiation. An additional experiment was conducted to examine whether a small conditioning dose could induce a depression of radioemesis (tolerance) following an exposure to high dose X-ray. With prior exposure to 0.3 Gy, only 1 frog out of a total of 5 frogs vomited as a result of radiation exposure. Suppression of the emetic response became significant when the pre-radiation dose was decreased to 0.1 Gy. On the contrary, increasing the small conditioning dose to 0.5 Gy resulted in a remarkable rise of radiation-induced emesis. This results indicate that exposure to the smaller dose of X-rays elicits a tolerance effect to toxic dose level of radiation.Key words: emesis, hormesis, low-dose X-rays, resistance, frog.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced lung fibrosis after treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung with very high-dose cyclophosphamide

Cancer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. L. Trask ◽  
Theo Joannides ◽  
Peter G. Harper ◽  
Jeffry S. Tobias ◽  
Stephen G. Spiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Very High

DOSE FRACTIONATION AND RECOVERY FROM X RAYS IN RHODNIUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Baldwin ◽  
Evelyn L. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Dose Fractionation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Radiation Induced

Recovery from radiation-induced damage has been studied in Rhodnius prolixus by comparing the effects of single exposures with those of fractionated exposures to the same total dose (6000 r). Immature fourth-instar nymphs, irradiated as above, showed an equal amount of recovery from molting delay (in days) with intervals ranging from 0 to 250 hours between irradiation and feeding. Recovery was most rapid during the first 16 hours. In the case of the single exposure of 6000 r, molting was reduced almost to control levels within the full recovery period of 2048 hours.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Mechanism for Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Kelton ◽  
P. B. Neame ◽  
I. Walker ◽  
A. G. Turpie ◽  
J. McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Antiplatelet Antibody ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Very High

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious illness of unknown etiology. Treatment by plasmapheresis has been reported to be effective but the mechanism for benefit is unknown. We have investigated the effect of plasmapheresis in 2 patients with TTP by quantitating platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) levels prior to and following plasmapheresis. Both patients had very high levels of PAIgG at presentation (90 and A8 fg IgG/platelet respectively, normal 0-5). in both, the PAIgG levels progressively fell to within the normal range and the platelet count rose following plasmapheresis. One patient remained in remission with normal platelet counts and PAIgG levels. The other relapsed after plasmapheresis and the PAIgG level rose prior to the fall in platelet count. Plasmapheresis was repeated and resulted in normalization of both the platelet count and PAIgG level. It is suggested that plasmapheresis removes antiplatelet antibody or immune complexes which may be of etiological importance in this illness.

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