TYROSINASE AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE EGG SHELL OF ACHETA DOMESTICUS (L.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Egg Shell

The endochorion of the egg of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), is composed, in part, of imbricated scales. These scales are revealed in the pattern of melanization of the chorion that results on immersing eggs in aqueous tyrosine before they have begun to absorb water. Such treatment prevents the normal breaking up of the endochorion, but does not prevent water absorption or normal development of the eggs. Failure of the endochorion to fragment in the usual way affects the structure of the underlying lipoid layer of the serosal cuticle.

REVISED CURVES FOR WATER ABSORPTION BY THE EGGS OF THE HOUSE CRICKET, ACHETA DOMESTICUS (L.)

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane ◽  
P. J. S. Furneaux
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Initial Water

Two features of the changing hydration of the egg after the initial water absorption period are described, and possible causes of these features are discussed in relation to changes occurring during this period in the shell.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL OF THE CHORION (MATERNAL CUTICLE) FROM NEW LAID EGGS OF THE HOUSE CRICKET, ACHETA DOMESTICUS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Potassium Biphthalate ◽  
Experimental Removal

AbstractWhen new laid eggs of the house cricket are treated with a potassium biphthalate buffer (0.05 M) at pH 4.01 for 1 h, followed by a Na2CO3 solution at pH 11.0 for 22 h at room temperature, the chorion lifts off the surface of the egg; by cutting off the end of the stretched chorion, the dechorionated egg may be pushed out of the shell. Dechorionated eggs behave in a different manner towards sucrose and salt solutions than do intact eggs. These and other experimental results are discussed in relation to the physiology of water absorption.

PERMEABILITY OF THE EGG SHELL OF ACHETA DOMESTICUS (L.), AND THE FATE OF THE VITELLINE MEMBRANE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Egg Shell

The egg shell of Acheta domesticus (L.) is permeable to dyes in the interval between the fragmentation of the endochorion and the secretion of the lipoid layer of the serosal cuticle, i.e. at the beginning of the water absorption period. The vitelline membrane persists throughout the whole of embryonic development, lying between the aforementioned layers from the beginning of water absorption.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE EGG SHELL AS RELATED TO WATER ABSORPTION BY THE EGGS OF ACHETA DOMESTICUS (L.)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
And Function

The shell of the newly laid egg of Acheta domesticus (L.) consists of the chorion, in which two layers can be distinguished: an outer exochorion, about 2.5 μ thick; and an inner endochorion, about 0.4 μ thick, which contains lipoid and a tyrosinase. At about the time water absorption begins, the endochorion breaks up, in a more or less regular way, into many small fragments; as a result, spaces are created in the endochorion, and it seems probable that it is this structural change which permits water to be absorbed by the egg. The breaking up of the endochorion appears to be due to phenolic tanning. Also at about the time water absorption begins, the newly formed serosa begins to lay down the serosal cuticle, first an outer lipoid layer, about 0.4 μ thick, which contains a tyrosinase; and then an inner layer, which is laid down continuously while the serosa exists, and which reaches, at the time water absorption ends, a maximum thickness of 8–10 μ. Thereafter the inner layer of the serosal cuticle is steadily resorbed up to the time the egg is hatched, and the vacated shell consists only of the chorion and the lipoid layer of the serosal cuticle. Water absorption appears to be brought to an end by the phenolic tanning of the lipoid layer of the serosal cuticle.

The Egg Shell of the House Cricket (Acheta Domesticus): An Electron-Microscope Study

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-249
Author(s):  
P. J. S. FURNEAUX ◽  
C. R. JAMES ◽  
S. A. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Stable Part ◽  
Egg Shell

Consecutive changes in two discrete layers of the egg shell of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus, have been claimed to control the uptake of water by the eggs. The development of the shell has been re-investigated with the electron microscope by examination of eggs at different stages of embryogenesis and of ovarioles containing oocytes at various stages of maturity. It is confirmed that fragmentation of the maternal epicuticle and deposition and resorption of the serosal cuticle are the only apparent changes in the shell during development. The existence of a serosal epicuticle is confirmed and a distinction is made between the serosal epicuticle and the vitelline membrane. Previously unreported features of the shell are (i) an outer zone of the maternal endocuticle which seems to be the most stable part of the maternal cuticle, (ii) a microlaminar organization within the scales of the maternal epicuticle, (iii) a vitelline membrane containing specialized regions, which remains distinct from the serosal epicuticle throughout development, and (iv) the osmiophilic character of the serosal epicuticle, its complex fine structure and its origin. Observations on eggs which had just begun to absorb water allow us to suggest that fragmentation involves a shrinkage of the material of which the scales are composed.

The cerci and abdominal giant fibres of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus . II. Regeneration and effects of chronic deprivation

1974 ◽  
Vol 185 (1078) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Intact Side ◽  
Substrate Vibration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Giant Fibres

The abdominal cerci of immature crickets are regenerated repeatedly after loss. The develop­mental sequence of cereal regeneration depends on the instar and the time within the instar that cerci are removed. Initial regenerates in early instars lack sensilla, which appear at the second moult, and subsequently increase in number in a definite order as in normal development, with filiform hairs appearing first, followed by large numbers of appressed hairs. Initial regenerates of later instars may bear filiform hairs. If one of the cerci is removed at hatching and all subsequent regenerates are removed as soon as they appear, a maximally asymmetric animal is produced. The general dimensions of the giant intemeurons carrying cereal information anteriorly are not altered, but the volume of the terminal abdominal ganglion neuropile on the deprived side is reduced by 30%. At least three important changes in connectivity accompany unilateral deprivation: ( a ) responses to air puffs in the largest intemeurons (l. g. i. and m. g. i.) contralateral to the intact cercus are 20 times greater than in control animals, where responses are virtually com­ pletely ipsilateral; ( b ) responses to substrate vibration, detected by non-cercal receptors, are about 10 times greater than normal on the deprived side; and ( c ) contralaterally pro­jecting axons from cereal receptors are found, which is never the case in normal animals. Responses on the intact side are normal. Animals which are deprived of both cerci for six instars and then regenerate only one show all these changes but to a lesser degree. In particular, the non-cercal, vibration sensitive input to the continuously deprived side is not enhanced as much as with the former treat­ment. Animals permanently deprived of both their cerci similarly do not acquire as greatly enhanced a vibration input as does the deprived side of continuously asymmetric animals. None of these rearrangements occur in animals which are deprived of both their cerci for six instars and then regenerate both; these symmetrically deprived and symmetrically regenerating animals resemble normals in all measured respects even though a period of deprivation lasting for two thirds of postembryonic development has intervened between the initial amputation and regeneration. We conclude that the capacity for correct neuronal circuit assembly is maintained throughout postembryonic development; that removal of a major input to the giant inter­neurons leads to a relative strengthening of the remaining inputs; and that additional rearrangements, beyond the effects of simple deprivation, occur as a result of asymmetry during cereal development.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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