PRODUCTION OF PINE RESIN AND ITS EFFECT ON SURVIVAL OF RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (SCHIFF.) (LEPIDOPTERA:OLETHREUTIDAE)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Warm Summer ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
Short Days

The survival of Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) larvae on Pinus sylvestris L. is related to the amount of resin encountered during the initial attack on the buds, the larvae being unable to establish themselves in very resinous buds. The resin canals in the buds are developed in response to short days at the end of the summer while the development of the moth is associated with summer temperature. Thus more larvae survive in a warm summer than a cool one as they attack the buds before there is a well-developed resin protection. Also fewer larvae survive on the very resinous Pinus nigra Arn. than on P. sylvestris. However, the best survival was found on Pinus contorta Doug., which also was more resinous than P. sylvestris.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS AND THE TIME OF GRAFTING PROCEDURE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING TWO CULTIVARS OF MOUNTAIN PINE (Pinus mugo Turra) AND ESTIMATION OF CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS LEVEL IN THE NEEDLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Sławomir Świerczyński ◽  
Marcin Kolasiński ◽  
Aleksander Stachowiak ◽  
Magdalena Rybus-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Chloroplast Pigments ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Grafting Procedure

The experimental studies were conducted from 2015–2017 years in two cycles. The aim of the research was to determine a better grafting time and a choice of an appropriate rootstock for the propagation of two cultivars of mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra). The influence of the grafted cultivar and rootstock used on the level of chloroplast pigments in the needles was also checked. The studies concerned two cultivars of mountain pine (Pinus mugo) ‘Grześ’ and ‘Zundert’, which were grafted on four different rootstocks: Pinus contorta (Dougl. ex Loud.), Pinus nigra (Arn.), Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata (Ramond Domin) in two dates: 20 January and 15 March. The highest percentage of graft success was obtained for the two cultivars on Pinus uncinata and Pinus contorta rootstocks. A later term of grafting procedure affected bigger effectiveness of grafting of the two studied cultivars, except for the graft success on Pinus sylvestris rootstock. The highest increments of side shoots and lengths of main stems for ‘Grześ’ cultivar were obtained on Pinus nigra, and for ‘Zundert’ the influence of the rootstock on the above mentioned parameters was not evident. No significant differences in the number of increments in the first and second year of studies were observed. The highest level of chlorophyll A and B was found in the needles of ‘Grześ’ cultivar, independently from the rootstock used. Among tested rootstocks, only Pinus nigra had a significant impact on a higher content of chlorophyll B in the needles of the studied cultivars of mountain pine trees.

Analysis of Turee Microscopic Cuaracters for Separating the Wood of Pinus Contorta and P. Ponderosa

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Alex C. Wiedenhoeft ◽  
Regis B. Miller ◽  
Terra J. Theim
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Resin Canals

Three microscopic characters were evaluated for the identification of Pinus contorta and Pinus ponderosa. The tangential diameter of the resin canals, including the epithelium, was compared to the tangential diameter of the entire resin canal complex. The latter measurement was shown to give diagnostic results for these species. Data from the examination of ray composition do not support previously published methods for separating P. contorta and P. ponderosa. The presence or absence of small elongate crystals in the subsidiary parenchyma of the resin canal complexes was shown to be the most powerful diagnostic character for separating the wood of these species.

scholarly journals Interpopulational variability of Pinus sylvestris L. in eight Polish localities expressed in morphological and anatomical traits of needles

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Bobowicz ◽  
Adolf F. Korczyk
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
The North ◽  
Flat Side ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Statistical Hypotheses ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
Interpopulational Variability

Two-year old needles were collected from 272 standing trees of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L., representing 8 Polish populations. The needles were studied in respect to IS morphological and anatomical traits. The obtained data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis in an attempt to delineate interpopulational variability. Multivariate analysis of variance with testing of statistical hypotheses and discriminant analysis were conducted. Mahalanobis distances were calculated between each of population in pairs and their significance was estimated using Hotelling T<sup>2</sup> statistics. On the basis of the shortest Mahalanobis distances a minimum spanning tree was constructed and on the basis of Euklidean distances hierarchy grouping was performed. A large majority of the populations was found to differ significantly from the remaining populations. The population from Bolewice proved to be most divergent. The principal variables which proved capable of discriminating between populations were found to include: needle length, the number of stomata on the flat side of the needle and the number of resin canals. Using Bryant's test, the studied populations were found to belong to two geographic groups: the North-Polish one or the South-Polish one.

Assessment of heavy metal content in tree barks: Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus nigra (RETRACTED)

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5047-5057
Author(s):  
Corneliu Tanase ◽  
Adrian Nisca ◽  
Argeime Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Tree Barks

Extracts obtained from the bark of woody plants are used for their high content in polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. Thus, it is important to evaluate the heavy metals in various tree barks, as these pollutants may end up in the final product, affecting its properties and having potential health implications. This study assessed the heavy metal content in the barks of spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra) collected from different areas in Romania. After collecting the vegetal material from different sites, the bark samples were appropriately processed and analyzed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that 6 out of 8 tested samples exceeded the normal values of selenium (Se). Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were not detected in any sample, while other metals (chromium (Cr); lead (Pb); nickel (Ni)) were detected in variable amounts. Moreover, relatively high levels of heavy metals were recorded in a spruce bark sample collected from the seemingly most unpolluted site. Although further studies are needed to determine the effects of these heavy metals on extraction yields and their transfer into the final extracts, their presence might indicate a potential problem.

Stomiopeltis pinastri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Diagnostic Features

Abstract A description is provided for Stomiopeltis pinastri, which are found on dead pine needles. Details are given of its hosts (Cupressus abramsiana, Juniperus communis, Picea sp., Pinus brutia, Pinus caribaea, Pinus cembra, Pinus contorta, Pinus halepensis, Pinus montezumae, Pinus monticola, Pinus mugo, Pinus muricata, Pinus nigra, Pinus nigra var. austriaca, Pinus nigra var. maritime, Pinus pinaster, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus radiata, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus taeda, Pinus thunbergiana [Pinus thunbergii], Pinus wallichiana and Protium sp.), associated species, geographical distribution (Canada (British Columbia), USA (California, Georgia, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee and Washington), Brazil (Pernambuco), India (Himachal Pradesh and Jammu-Kashmir), Pakistan, Portugal (Azores), Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Irish Republic, Finland, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, San Marino, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland), transmission, diagnostic features and conservation status.

The effect of crown position and tree age on resin-canal density in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1257-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxing Lin ◽  
D A Sampson ◽  
R Ceulemans
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Position ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Resin Canals

Resin canals are an important taxonomic characteristic in conifers. In this paper we examined within- and between-needle variation of the cross-sectional number of resin canals in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Variation within needles was determined from 12 free-hand sections taken along the whole length of foliage collected from a common crown position. The effect of crown location and tree age on resin-canal density was also examined from the midpoint cross sections of 450 Scots pine needles collected from interior and exterior locations from the top, middle, and bottom of 25 crowns of trees ranging in age from 8 to 70 years. Within-needle resin-canal density varied with needle length. Two resin canals were typical for the basal and the terminal needle cross sections. There were 3.2 and 8.6 resin canals for cross sections taken from 10 and 30% of the needle length from the basal sheath, respectively. Resin-canal density was largest, and relatively constant, between 30 and 80% of the needle length. We found significant differences in the cross-sectional number of needle resin canals, as influenced by crown positions and tree age. Resin-canal density increased with foliage height. Foliage from the top one-third of crowns had significantly more resin canals than foliage from the bottom. Foliage collected from the crown interior (proximal to the stem) had fewer resin canals than samples from the crown edge. Resin-canal density increased from 7.1 to 10.3 as tree age increased from 8 to 70 years. These results suggest that crown position and tree age need to be incorporated into the sampling protocols used to establish species standards in resin-canal density, at least for Scots pine, if meaningful comparisons are to be made.Key words: resin canal, needle age, crown position, needle anatomy, Pinus sylvestris.

scholarly journals The host spectrum of Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup – new hosts of Dothistroma needle blight observed in theCzech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Pinus Aristata ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup and its anamorphic stage Dothistroma septospora (Dorog.) Morelet was detected for the first time in the territory of the Czech Republic in a consignment of imported plants of Austrian pine Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found on Pinus nigra in an open planting in a plantation of Christmas trees by the village of Jedovnice near Brno in South Moravia. In the Czech Republic, Dothi-stroma needle blight was identified on 13 species of pine. Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus mugo Turra are the most frequent hosts. In addition to these species, Dothistroma needle blight was observed on Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, Pinus jeffreyi Grev. et Balf, Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinus contorta Douglas, Pinus rotundata Link, Pinus leucodermis Ant. and Pinus sylvestris L. Finds on Pinus aristata Engelm., Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus heldreichii H. Christ. and Pinus cembra L. var. sibirica (Du Tour) G. Don. are a certain rarity. These species are not mentioned anywhere as potential hosts of Dothistroma needle blight. As for the species of other genera Picea pungens Engelm., Picea abies L. Karst. and last but not least Picea schrenkiana Fisch. &amp; C. A. Mey were also observed as hosts. The host range of Dothistroma needle blight recorded in papers is noted as well.

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