FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON WATER ABSORPTION BY THE EGGS OF ACHETA DOMESTICUS (L.)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane ◽  
C. P. Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Maximal Absorption

Eggs of Acheta domesticus (L.) absorb water during the stage of embryonic development in which the serosa surrounds the embryo and yolk. Water is absorbed over the entire surface of the shell. The egg membranes are more permeable to water, as shown by water loss in an unsaturated atmosphere, during the period of water absorption than either before or after; they are also permeable to dyes during the period of water absorption. The mechanism of water absorption is discussed. A possible explanation is presented for water loss after maximal absorption has occurred.

WATER ABSORPTION BY THE EGGS OF CRICKETS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane ◽  
A. S. K. Ghouri ◽  
C. P. Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Maximal Absorption ◽  
Gryllodes Sigillatus

Absorption of water by the eggs of Acheta configuratus, Gryllodes sigillatus, and a Canadian and a Pakistani strain of Acheta domesticus takes place during early embryonic development. The amount of water absorbed varies from about 60 to 120% of the weight of newly laid eggs, depending on the species or strain. The time of absorption is generally earlier the more rapid is embryonic development, indicating that the embryonic stage during which water is absorbed is similar in all forms. Absorption is more rapid at 33 than at 28 °C. In all forms, a small but rapid loss in water occurs just after maximal absorption; this loss takes place also when the eggs are immersed in distilled water. The incubation periods of the four forms at various temperatures (28–38 °C) are presented.

Water Uptake and Embryonic Development in Eggs of Chorthippus Brunneus Thunberg (Saltatoria: Acrididae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
F. MORIARTY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Further Development

1. The pattern of water absorption by eggs of Chorthippus brunneus varies greatly between individuals. 2. The time at which water is absorbed does not have a close relationship with the stage of embryonic development. 3. Water absorption is not essential for prediapause development. 4. Eggs can only undergo blastokinesis and further development, after diapause is broken, if some water has been absorbed. 5. The rate of water loss or gain varies with the osmotic pressure of sodium chloride solutions. 6. Eggs which have started to absorb water appear to become desiccated more rapidly than eggs which have not.

PERMEABILITY OF THE EGG SHELL OF ACHETA DOMESTICUS (L.), AND THE FATE OF THE VITELLINE MEMBRANE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Egg Shell

The egg shell of Acheta domesticus (L.) is permeable to dyes in the interval between the fragmentation of the endochorion and the secretion of the lipoid layer of the serosal cuticle, i.e. at the beginning of the water absorption period. The vitelline membrane persists throughout the whole of embryonic development, lying between the aforementioned layers from the beginning of water absorption.

Ultrastructural changes in the avian vitelline membrane during embryonic development

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484
Author(s):  
Cynthia Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vegetal Pole

The vitelline (yolk) membrane of the avian egg plays a dual role during early embryonic development; it encloses the yolk and provides a substratum for expansion of the embryo (Fig. 1). Expansion appears to be dependent upon the movement of cells at the edge of the blastoderm which is intimately associated with the inner layer of the vitelline membrane (New, 1959; Bellairs, 1963). The blastoderm (embryonic plus extraembryonic cells) has almost covered the entire surface of the yolk by the third and fourth days of incubation, and when this stage has been reached the vitelline membrane ruptures over the embryo and slips toward the vegetal pole. Rupture of the membrane during development appears to be the consequence of a decrease in its mechanical strength (Moran, 1936), which changes most rapidly at the animal pole (over the embryo).

Studies on the function of the oxyurid egg-shell

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

SUMMARYThe egg-shell of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi and Aspiculuris tetraptera reduces the rate of water loss from the egg when exposed to desiccation. Staining of the enclosed larva by acid fuchsin and the collapse of eggs exposed to desiccation indicate that the permeability barrier is heat labile. This suggests that the lipid layer is the main permeability barrie of the shell. The complex structure of the uterine layers has a similar morphology to the respiratory structures of the chorion of some insect eggs. Reflections from the shell, the rate of embryonic development under various conditions and the penetration of lead ions indicate that the shell does not trap a layer of air when immersed in water and the uterine layers cannot, therefore, function as a plastron network. Calculations indicate that if diffusion is limited to the pores in the external uterine layer, the area available for gaseous exchange is reduced by 85·5% in H. diesingi, 95·6% in A. tetraptera and 96·8% in Syphacia obvelata. It is suggested that the uterine layers of oxyurid egg-shells function in a similar fashion to the pores in bird egg-shells and the aeropyles in the chorion of insect egg-shells which do not possess plastron networks. These structures reduce water loss from the egg whilst ensuring an adequate supply of oxygen for embryonic development.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of extruded aquafeed pellets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and adult cricket (Acheta domesticus) meals

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Irungu ◽  
C.M. Mutungi ◽  
A.K. Faraj ◽  
H. Affognon ◽  
N. Kibet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Physico Chemical

Fish farming is faced with the challenge of high cost of feeds because of the cost of high quality protein needed for formulation of the feeds. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative protein sources. The effects of substituting freshwater shrimp meal (FWSM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) or adult cricket meal (ACM) on physico-chemical properties of hot-extruded fish feed pellets were investigated. The FWSM protein in a 26 g/100 g protein fish feed formulation was substituted at 0, 25, 50 and 75%, and moisture content of the formulated blends adjusted to 10, 20 or 30 g/100 g prior to extrusion. Floatability, expansion rate, bulk density, durability index, water absorption index, water solubility index, and water stability of extruded pellets were determined. Sinking velocity and the total suspended and dissolved solids in water were determined for the optimal pellets. Pellet floatability was not influenced by the type of insect meal but the interaction between level of inclusion and moisture content of the feed at extrusion. Pellets with high floatability >90% were produced from all feed blends at 30 g/100 g moisture content. Expansion ratio, was not influenced by type of insect meal or the level of inclusion but by the moisture content whereby feed blends extruded at 30 g/100 g moisture gave pellets with high expansion ratio ~60%. Bulk density was influenced by the interaction of the three factors. Pellet durability and water absorption indices were not influenced by the investigated factors or their interactions. Processed pellets were generally highly durable (99%) out of water, but the stability in water was significantly influenced by the interaction of type of insect meal level of inclusion and moisture content at extrusion. Water solubility increased with increasing extrusion moisture. Overall, it was possible to process good quality extruded pellets with 75% BSFM or 75% ACM at 30 g/100 g feed moisture.

scholarly journals Hydrophilic Polymers and Wetting Agents Affect Absorption and Evaporative Water Loss

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson M. Blodgett ◽  
David J. Beattie ◽  
John W. White ◽  
George C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymers ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Maximum Water Content ◽  
Container Capacity

A plantless system using subirrigation was developed to measure water absorption and loss in soilless media amended with hydrophilic polymers, a wetting agent, or combinations of these amendments. Peat-perlite-vermiculite and bark-peat-perlite controls achieved 67% and 52% of container capacity, respectively, after 20 daily irrigation cycles. Maximum water content of amended media was 78% of container capacity. Adding only a hydrophilic polymer did not increase total water content significantly. Adding a wetting agent increased water absorption in both media. However, when hydrophilic polymer and wetting agent were present, the medium absorbed more water than with wetting agent alone. More extractable water was removed from media containing wetting agent. Water loss rate by evaporation was not affected significantly by medium, hydrophilic polymer, wetting agent, or any combination of these variables.

Geographic variation in skin structure in male Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Can Wang ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Zhi Ping Mi ◽  
Wen Bo Liao
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Bufo Andrewsi ◽  
Loose Layer

Abstract Variation in organ structure likely provides important clues on local adaptation and reflects the pressure target of natural selection. As one of the important organs, the skin plays a key role in adapting to complex environments by reducing water loss or increasing water absorption. Nevertheless, variation in the skin structure across different populations in a single species of anurans remains enigmatic. Here, we studied geographical variation in the skin structure of male Andrew’s toads (Bufo andrewsi) across ten populations using histological methods. We quantified thickness of the skin, the epidermis, the loose layer, the compact layer, and of the epidermis, area of granular glands (GGs) and of ordinary mucous glands (OMGs), width of the calcified layer, and number of capillary vessels. We found that the thickness of the skin, dermis and loose layer in dorsal skin increased with latitude whereas the area of granular glands decreased with altitude. Moreover, the width of the calcified layer in ventral skin decreased with latitude among populations. Our findings suggest that geographical variation in skin structure in male B. andrewsi is likely to reduce water loss or make water absorption occur faster in complex high-latitude environments, improving local adaptation.

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