OBSERVATIONS ON AMOEBOID MOTION OF LIVING HAEMOCYTES IN THE WING VEINS OF BLABERUS GIGANTEUS (L.) (ORTHOPTERA: BLATTIDAE)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm ◽  
Amoeboid Motion ◽  
Wing Veins

Haemocytes with finely granular cytoplasm moved independently in partly occluded wing veins of B. giganteus by two related but fundamentally distinct methods: (a) typical amoeboid motion that occurred generally on unobstructed vein walls and was characterized by cytoplasmic streaming into amorphous pseudopodia, and (b) atypical amoeboid motion, without visible cytoplasmic streaming, that involved the projection of hyaline ectoplasm into tactile and adhesive filiform or lamellar pseudopodia. By the atypical method the cells became oriented and entered into confined spaces. Speed of movement varied but approximated 5 microns per minute with typical amoeboid motion and 3.5 with the atypical during pronounced cell migration. Haemocytes with hyaline cytoplasm, coarsely granular cytoplasm, or cytoplasm that contained numerous globules moved comparatively little and only by the atypical method.

scholarly journals Energetic costs regulated by cell mechanics and confinement are predictive of migration path during decision-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Zanotelli ◽  
Aniqua Rahman-Zaman ◽  
Jacob A. VanderBurgh ◽  
Paul V. Taufalele ◽  
Aadhar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Spatial Confinement ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Cellular Energetics ◽  
Migrating Cells

Abstract Cell migration during the invasion-metastasis cascade requires cancer cells to navigate a spatially complex microenvironment that presents directional choices to migrating cells. Here, we investigate cellular energetics during migration decision-making in confined spaces. Theoretical and experimental data show that energetic costs for migration through confined spaces are mediated by a balance between cell and matrix compliance as well as the degree of spatial confinement to direct decision-making. Energetic costs, driven by the cellular work needed to generate force for matrix displacement, increase with increasing cell stiffness, matrix stiffness, and degree of spatial confinement, limiting migration. By assessing energetic costs between possible migration paths, we can predict the probability of migration choice. Our findings indicate that motility in confined spaces imposes high energetic demands on migrating cells, and cells migrate in the direction of least confinement to minimize energetic costs. Therefore, therapeutically targeting metabolism may limit cancer cell migration and metastasis.

scholarly journals A molecular clock controls periodically driven cell migration in confined spaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Lee ◽  
Archer Hamidzadeh ◽  
M. Sulaiman Yousafzai ◽  
Visar Ajeti ◽  
Hao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Periodically Driven ◽  
Negative Feedback Loops ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Invasive Cell

AbstractNavigation through dense, physically confining extracellular matrix is common in invasive cell spread and tissue re-organization, but is still poorly understood. Here, we show that this migration is mediated by cyclic changes in the activity of a small GTP-ase RhoA, dependent on the oscillatory changes in the activity and abundance of the RhoA Guanine Exchange Factor, GEF-H1, triggered by a persistent increase in the intracellular Ca2+ levels. We show that the molecular clock driving these cyclic changes is mediated by two coupled negative feedback loops, dependent on the microtubule dynamics, with the frequency that can be experimentally modulated based on a predictive mathematical model. We further demonstrate that an increasing frequency of the clock translates into a faster cell migration within physically confining spaces. This work lays the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms dynamically driving cell migration in complex environments.

scholarly journals Distinct signaling mechanisms regulate migration in unconfined versus confined spaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chien Hung ◽  
Shih-Hsun Chen ◽  
Colin D. Paul ◽  
Kimberly M. Stroka ◽  
Ying-Chun Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Leukocyte Trafficking ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Melanoma Invasion ◽  
Rac1 Activity ◽  
Signaling Strategies

Using a microchannel assay, we demonstrate that cells adopt distinct signaling strategies to modulate cell migration in different physical microenvironments. We studied α4β1 integrin–mediated signaling, which regulates cell migration pertinent to embryonic development, leukocyte trafficking, and melanoma invasion. We show that α4β1 integrin promotes cell migration through both unconfined and confined spaces. However, unlike unconfined (2D) migration, which depends on enhanced Rac1 activity achieved by preventing α4/paxillin binding, confined migration requires myosin II–driven contractility, which is increased when Rac1 is inhibited by α4/paxillin binding. This Rac1–myosin II cross talk mechanism also controls migration of fibroblast-like cells lacking α4β1 integrin, in which Rac1 and myosin II modulate unconfined and confined migration, respectively. We further demonstrate the distinct roles of myosin II isoforms, MIIA and MIIB, which are primarily required for confined and unconfined migration, respectively. This work provides a paradigm for the plasticity of cells migrating through different physical microenvironments.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Neutrophil migration through in vitro interstitial matrix

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
J. Roemer ◽  
S.R. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Specific Culture

We are developing an in vitro interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) system for study of inflammatory cell migration. Falcon brand Cyclopore membrane inserts of various pore sizes are used as a support substrate for production of ECM by R22 rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Under specific culture conditions these cells produce a highly insoluble matrix consisting of typical interstitial ECM components, i.e.: types I and III collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and fibronectin.

The role of DUBs in the post-translational control of cell migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Lambies ◽  
Antonio García de Herreros ◽  
Víctor M. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tgfβ Receptors ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Multistep Process

Abstract Cell migration is a multifactorial/multistep process that requires the concerted action of growth and transcriptional factors, motor proteins, extracellular matrix remodeling and proteases. In this review, we focus on the role of transcription factors modulating Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT-TFs), a fundamental process supporting both physiological and pathological cell migration. These EMT-TFs (Snail1/2, Twist1/2 and Zeb1/2) are labile proteins which should be stabilized to initiate EMT and provide full migratory and invasive properties. We present here a family of enzymes, the deubiquitinases (DUBs) which have a crucial role in counteracting polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of EMT-TFs after their induction by TGFβ, inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. We also describe the DUBs promoting the stabilization of Smads, TGFβ receptors and other key proteins involved in transduction pathways controlling EMT.

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