ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY, AND SECRETIONS OF SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE LARGE MILKWEED BUG, ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS (DALLAS) (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan F. Bronskill ◽  
E. H. Salkeld ◽  
W. G. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Milkweed Bug ◽  
Accessory Glands

As in most Heteroptera, the salivary system of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) consists of a pair of trilobed principal glands and a pair of tubular accessory glands with associated ducts; the anatomy and histology are reported in detail. Tests for digestive enzymes demonstrated the presence of amylase, protease, invertase, and lipase. The various lobes of the salivary glands contain different digestive enzymes, a finding that is at variance with some published reports on allied Heteroptera.

The Morphology and Physiology of the Salivary Glands of Hemiptera-Heteroptera

1941 ◽  
Vol s2-83 (329) ◽  
pp. 91-139
Author(s):  
B. A. BAPTIST
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Glandular Epithelium ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Axial Canal

The salivary glands of the Heteroptera consist of a pair of primarily bilobed principal glands and accessory glands which vary very greatly in form and structure in different families. The glands are usually supplied with tracheae, and the principal glands are invested by a nervous plexus which is supplied by a glandular nerve from the hypocerebral ganglion of the stomatogastric system. The principal salivary gland of Notonecta is characterized by the presence of large cells having zymogen granules and by the storage of fluid secretion in vacuoles. In contrast, most of the remaining Heteropteran salivary glands belong to the vesicular type, having a one-layered glandular epithelium made up of small cells which discharge their secretion into a large central storage cavity or axial canal. This type of gland lacks zymogen granules but has small dense masses of reserve material in the basal or outer parts of the cells. There is normally no difference in the structure of the glandular epithelium in the different lobes. The accessory glands are either in the form of a thin-walled bladder-like vesicle, or are tubular or duct-like; they seem to be purely a development of the primary conducting glandular system, and are thus homologous with the salivary reservoir of other orders. All the information obtained in this work is strongly against the idea that the various lobes of Hemipterous salivary glands produce widely different chemical substances, each with a special function. The results obtained by Fauré-Fremiet have not been confirmed. Except with blood-sucking forms digestive enzymes were always found in the glands, two enzymes being the maximum number found in any particular gland. The enzymes were found to be always related to the type of food consumed, and were those concerned with the digestion of that particular component of the food which was present in the greatest proportion. In no case was a cellulase found. An anti-coagulant principle was found to be present in the glands of blood-sucking forms. The accessory glands appear to produce only a watery secretion, enzymes being absent. The pH of the principal gland is generally slightly acid, while that of the accessory gland is neutral. Mitochondria and Golgi bodies typical of insect tissue are present in certain glands, but show no relation to the secretion granules, and thus do not appear to contribute to secretion synthesis. From a number of experiments it appears that the action of the digestive enzymes is not sufficiently rapid for external digestion to take place to any great extent. It seems, however, certain that quite an appreciable quantity of the injected saliva is imbibed again, and that the salivary digestion continues in the stomach, where the food taken in is first stored. The pH activity range of the enzymes is in general wide.

HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON LOCALIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ESTERASES IN THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE LARGE MILKWEED BUG, ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS (DALL.) (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Salkeld
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Milkweed Bug

The posterior lobe of the salivary glands of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dall.), was rich in a nonspecific esterase. An esterase was also localized in the epidermal cells of the tracheae and body wall and in the epithelial cells of the first part of the mid-gut. No true lipase was found in the salivary glands or in the head or thorax.

A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE SECRETIONS IN THE PRINCIPAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE LARGE MILKWEED BUG, ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS (DALLAS)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Salkeld
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Milkweed Bug ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Each lobe of the trilobed principal salivary gland of the adult large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), contains a chemically different secreted product. Histochemical tests suggest that the secretion of the anterior lobe is composed of muco- or glyco-protein and neutral mucopolysaccharide. The secretion of the lateral lobe is mainly lipoproteinaceous, while that of the posterior lobe appears to be a mucoprotein. It is suggested that the secretion of the anterior lobe may form the stylet sheath; the secretions of the posterior and lateral lobes are more likely to have a digestive function.

Studies on the pteridines in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas)

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh S. Forrest ◽  
Michael Menaker ◽  
Jennifer Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Milkweed Bug

scholarly journals The Digestive Enzymes of the Onychophora (Peripatopsis spp.)

1936 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
NORMAN G. HEATLEY
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
The Individual

1. An investigation has been made of the digestive enzymes of Peripatopsis spp. 2. The pH of the gut varies between 6.0 and 8.2; it is usually about 7.0. 3. The salivary glands elaborate amylase, glycogenase, protease and carboxypolypeptidase. 4. The gut digestive enzymes consist of invertase, maltase, lipase, esterase, amino- and carboxypolypeptidase and dipeptidase. Gelatin is also liquefied by the gut, but at pH 3.0 only. 5. The properties of some of the individual enzymes have been examined.

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