PREFERRED TEMPERATURE OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON) AND ITS UNUSUAL RELATIONSHIP TO ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Garside ◽  
J. S. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperatures

The modal preferred temperatures of rainbow trout acclimated to 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C., and 20 °C. were determined photographically to be 16 °C, 15 °C., 13 °C, and 11 °C., respectively. The final preferendum was 13 °C. The phenomenon of decreasing preferred temperature with increasing acclimation temperature has not been reported for any other species of fish.

Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

scholarly journals Coronary flow in a perfused rainbow trout heart

1987 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Coronary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Coronary Resistance ◽  
Temperature Dependent

A preparation was developed to perfuse the coronary circulation in working hearts from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). The preparation was used to examine pressure-flow relationships for the coronary circulation as the heart generated physiological and subphysiological work loads. Coronary vascular resistance increased exponentially as coronary flow rate decreased. Coronary resistance was also influenced by cardiac metabolism and acclimation temperature. When heart rate was increased, extravascular compression increased in coronary resistance. Direct vasoconstriction of the coronary vessels, produced by injections of adrenaline into the coronary circulation, was temperature-dependent.

Effects of Age and Overhead Illumination on Temperatures Preferred by Underyearling Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, in a Vertical Temperature Gradient

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hwa Kwain ◽  
Robert W. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Distribution Of Fish ◽  
Vertical Gradients

During their first 12 mo of life rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, preferred progressively cooler temperatures as they grew older; 19 °C was selected during the 1st mo and the selected temperature declined by intervals of 0.5 °C for each of the following months up to the 3rd mo. Fish swam higher in temperature gradients exposed to overhead illumination than in those in total darkness. This trend was reversed during the following 9 mo. These findings demonstrate the important role that age plays in the temperature preference of this species and the influence that overhead light may have on the distribution of fish in vertical gradients. Key words: preferred temperature, age, Salmo gairdneri, light gradients

Trypsin from Two Strains of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, is Influenced Differently by Assay and Acclimation Temperature

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1664-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McLeese ◽  
E. Don Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Lower Affinity ◽  
Pyloric Caeca

Specific activity and kinetic constants of trypsin from the pyloric caeca of two strains of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were measured using α-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-ρ-nitroaniline∙HCl No increase in activity was observed with cold acclimation, suggesting that cold acclimation induces no increase in trypsin concentration. The apparent Km for the substrate was independent of assay temperature over the physiological range in both strains, probably to maintain high rates of catalysis at higher temperatures when nutrient requirements are high. Strain A trout produced a trypsin with lower affinity on cold acclimation, but Strain B trout did not. The two strains differed in intestinal morphology as well as in the characteristics of their trypsins.

The Influence of Hypoxia on the Preferred Temperature of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SCHURMANN ◽  
J. F. STEFFENSEN ◽  
J. P. LOMHOLT
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Blood Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Lower Temperature

The behavioural thermoregulation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated in a shuttlebox at normoxia and at three levels of hypoxia: 13.3, 9.3 and 5.3 kPa. The final preferred temperatures at normoxia, and at 13.3, 9.3 and 5.3 kPa, were 16.1, 14.9, 15.0 and 12.7°C, respectively. A decreased rate of metabolism and an increased blood oxygen-affinity are among the physiological advantages of selecting a lower temperature during hypoxia. It is suggested that catecholamines may play a part in controlling temperature selection during hypoxia. In natural environments, this behaviour may result in habitat shifts of fish living in heterothermal environments with changing oxygen tensions.

Na+:K+- and HCO3−-stimulated ATPase activities in the gills and kidneys of thermally acclimated rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. McCarty ◽  
A. H. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Atpase System ◽  
Temperature Amplifier ◽  
Assay Conditions

Gill and kidney Mg2+-dependent, Na+:K+- and HCO3−-stimulated ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) activities were estimated at 25 °C and at acclimation temperature in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, acclimated to 2, 10, and 18 °C, as were plasma levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride. Sodium and chloride exhibited no significant variation between 2 and 18 °C; potassium levels were elevated at 18 °C. When assayed at 25 °C Mg2+-dependent and HCO3−-stimulated ATPase activities did not vary consistently or significantly in relation to acclimation temperature. Under comparable assay conditions both gill and kidney Na+:K+-stimulated activities declined at higher acclimation temperatures. Significant increases in all activities were encountered when preparations were incubated at the appropriate acclimation temperature. The data suggest that the branchial Na+:K+–ATPase system serves primarily as a high-temperature amplifier of sodium uptake, and may contribute little to the maintenance of sodium balance in the cold-adapted animal. No evidence of a critical involvement of HCO3−-stimulated ATPase in ionic regulations was obtained.

Sealed-Jar Bioassays for Pulpmill Effluent Toxicity: Effects of Fish Species and Temperature

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Gordon ◽  
Donald J. McLeay
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Effluent Toxicity

To standardize the sealed-jar bioassay for optimum sensitivity to whole bleached kraft pulpmill effluent, experiments were designed to assess the effects of test temperature, acclimation temperature, and fish species. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) conformed to a previously recognized test paradigm by showing progressively decreased oxygen utilization with increasing toxicant concentrations; however, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) did not. In concentrations of effluent < 1.5 LC50, rainbow trout used significantly more oxygen than control groups, while coho salmon used significantly less oxygen. The sensitivity of these responses was influenced by test temperature and acclimation temperature. Results for coho confirmed that this species was most sensitive to effluent when tested at ambient room temperature. Both species showed significantly decreased oxygen utilization in effluent concentrations > 1.5 LC50 irrespective of test temperature or acclimation temperature. The significance of these responses is discussed, and the applicability of sealed-jar bioassays for assessing the acute toxicity of pulpmill effluents is reviewed. Key words: residual oxygen bioassay, sealed-jar bioassay, pulpmill effluent toxicity, temperature, hyperthermia, respiration, hypoxia, species-specific response

Temperature Selection and Estimated Thermal Acclimation by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a Thermal Plume

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Spigarelli ◽  
M. M. Thommes
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Thermal Plume ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Discharge Temperature

Body temperatures of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) caught from a thermal discharge into Lake Michigan were used to determine selected temperatures and to estimate acclimation temperatures of this species under field conditions. Approximately 65–75% of the variability in body temperatures was related to water temperature (direct) and fish weight (inverse). Body temperatures increased with increases in discharge temperature, but the difference between body and ambient water temperatures decreased at high water temperatures. The modal body temperature of small fish was 19 °C, the final preferred temperature predicted for rainbow trout by some lab studies. The modal body temperature of large fish was 15 °C. Estimates of acclimation temperatures indicate that the majority of rainbow trout caught in this discharge area were acclimated to plume temperatures. Estimated acclimation temperatures exceeded ambient acclimation by as much as 10 °C for individual fish while group means ranged between 2 and 6 °C over ambient acclimation. Key words: temperature selection, acclimation, thermal plume, rainbow trout, Lake Michigan, body temperature, size effect

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