A CYTOLOGICAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE SHELL GLAND OF THE DOMESTIC HEN

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McCallion
Keyword(s):  
Shell Gland ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Domestic Hen ◽  
Positive Results

A cytological and cytochemical study has been made of the oviducts of hens producing thick shelled eggs and of hens producing thin shelled eggs, with special reference to the shell gland. No significant differences between them were discovered. The inner surface of the oviduct of the hen is lined with ciliated epithelium containing two types of cells, ciliated and goblet. Lying under the ciliated lining are the tubular glands of the oviduct. The Golgi apparatus has been described in the several types of cells. The secretory products of these cells have been identified in the various parts of the oviduct. Small amounts of calcium were shown to be present in the oviduct by one of several techniques, the others giving negative results. Slight positive results were obtained for the presence of phosphates. Alkaline phosphatase was present in slight and varying amounts uniformly distributed in the oviduct, but acid phosphatase was confined to the ciliated epithelium. Glycogen was not present in the glandular tissues. The deposition of calcium as egg shell seems to be different from that in bone formation. Possible mechanisms of egg shell formation are discussed.

Initiation of Shell Formation in the Bivalve, Mytilus Epulis

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Walter J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Larval Shell ◽  
Shell Gland ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Secretory Products

Within 24 hours after fertilization of the egg of Mytilus edulis a few mid-dorsal ectodermal cells of the resulting trochophore differentiate into a shell gland that is already secreting a shell (s, Figs. 1-3). By 70 hours the shell gland and the shell secreted by it grows to enclose most of the embryo. Formation of this larval shell (actually a thin pellicle that becomes the periostrocum) involves at least two steps: 1) the formation of a thin pellicle above the secreting surface of the cells, and 2) a thickening of the pellicle by deposition of Golgi-derived secretory products onto its inner surface.

Role of magnesium in egg shell formation in the domestic hen

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Waddell ◽  
R. G. Board ◽  
V. D. Scott ◽  
S. G. Tullett
Keyword(s):  
Shell Formation ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Domestic Hen

scholarly journals Intracellular pH during calcification. A study of the avian shell gland

1969 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Simkiss
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Shell Gland ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Egg Shell

The intracellular pH of the shell gland of the domestic fowl was calculated at various stages in egg-shell formation. The calculation is based on the distribution of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione between intracellular and extracellular water. The results show a rapid fall in intracellular pH at the time of mineralization and this is interpreted as indicating a removal of protons from the site of calcification.

Oogenesis and egg-shell formation in Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Perivitelline Space ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera ◽  
Lipid Layers

SUMMARYThe ovary of Aspiculuris tetraptera has a prominent terminal cap cell. This is considered to be part of the ovarian epithelium. Oogonia detach from the short rachis and increase in size from 6 to 60 μm; accumulating hyaline granules, shell granules and glycogen. The hyaline granules persist in the egg cytoplasm after shell formation has been completed and are considered to be lipoprotein yolk. The shell granules contribute to the non-chitin fraction of the chitinous layer. A classification of the cytoplasmic inclusions of the nematode oocyte is proposed. Upon fertilization a vitelline membrane is formed which constitutes the vitelline layer of the egg-shell. The chitinous layer is secreted in the perivitelline space, between the vitelline layer and the egg oolemma. Upon completion of chitinous layer synthesis, the egg cytoplasm contracts away from its inner surface. The material of the lipid layer is secreted at the surface of the egg cytoplasm and adheres to the inner surface of the chitinous layer. During secretion of the chitinous and lipid layers by the egg cytoplasm, the uterine cells secrete the unit membrane-like external uterine layer and the crystalline internal uterine layer. A complex system of interconnecting spaces develops in the internal uterine layer. This system is open to the exterior via breaks in the external uterine layer. There is no direct involvement of the uterine cells in the formation of this structure.

Shell gland and egg-shell formation in Fasciola hepatica L.

Parasitology ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Yosufzai
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Shell Gland ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Egg Shell

1. The shell gland of Fasciola hepatica produces an extremely hyaline secretion. The egg-shell is formed from the hyaline secretion.2. As the eggs travel through the uterus, the shell is temporarily reinforced from the inside by vitelline granules. The vitelline granules are released when the vitelline cells enter the vitelline reservoir.3. Views regarding the nomenclature of the shell gland are discussed.4. The presence of an elliptical chamber in the shell gland is described. In this chamber, oocytes, vitelline granules and vitelline cells are mixed together, and here the secretion of the shell gland is released and the egg-shell is formed.5. The arrangement of the cellular constituents within the egg is effected by the elliptical chamber.

Critical Evaluation of Impedance Phlebography for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Kenneth K Wu ◽  
John C Hoak ◽  
Robert W Barnes ◽  
Stuart L Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Positive Results

SummaryIn order to evaluate its daily variability and reliability, impedance phlebography was performed daily or on alternate days on 61 patients with deep vein thrombosis, of whom 47 also had 125I-fibrinogen uptake tests and 22 had radiographic venography. The results showed that impedance phlebography was highly variable and poorly reliable. False positive results were noted in 8 limbs (18%) and false negative results in 3 limbs (7%). Despite its being simple, rapid and noninvasive, its clinical usefulness is doubtful when performed according to the original method.

PET/CT WITH 68GA-PSMA-11 IN DETECTION OF PRIMARY TUMOR AND RECURRENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-804
Author(s):  
Darya Ryzhkova ◽  
M. Poyda
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Biochemical Recurrence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Primary Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
T Category

Purpose: To study the diagnostic value of PET-CT with 68Ga-PSMA-11 in the diagnosis of a primary prostate cancer, preoperative staging, and the detection of recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: 28 patients aged 64.7 ± 8.74 years were included. 10 patients primary prostate cancer, and 18 patients with biochemical recurrence of the disease after radical treatment were examined. All patients underwent PET-CT with 68Ga-PSMA-11 according the whole body protocol. Interpretation of images was performed visually and quantitatively by calculation of SUL max. Results: High focal or diffuse 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake was found in prostate parenchyma in patients with primary prostate cancer. Additionally metastases in regional lymph nodes were diagnosed in 4 patients and bone metastases were found in one patient. The correlation between 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake level and Gleason index in the primary tumor (R Spearmen = 0.25, p = 0.57) was not observed. PET-positive results were obtained in 14 patients and PET-negative results in 4 patients with biochemical recurrence of PCa. The relationship between the frequency of PET-positive results and Gleason index was not revealed (R Spearmen = 0.2, p = 0.39). We found a weak but significant correlation between the frequency of PET-positive results and the prostate tumor stage according to the T category (R Spearmen = 0.49, p = 0.049). In patients with low values of PSA (less than 1.0 ng/ml) in 4 out of 9 cases, PET-negative results were obtained. In patients with PSA level more than 1.0 ng/ml PET-positive results were obtained in all cases. Conclusions: PET/CT with 68Ga-PSMA-11 allows to diagnose the primary prostate cancer, to establish the stage of the disease in categories N and M, and also to determine the localization and dissemination of the tumor in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. The relationship between 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in primary tumor and Gleason index was not found. The probability of obtaining PET-positive results in cases of biochemical recurrence is affected by a PSA level above 1 ng/ml and a high stage of the disease according to the T category (T3-T4).

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index in Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. e132-e137
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alagha ◽  
Thomas M. Aherne ◽  
Ahmed Hassanin ◽  
Adeel S. Zafar ◽  
Doireann P. Joyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Lower Extremity Arterial Disease ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Arterial Imaging

Abstract Introduction Ankle-brachial pressure indices (ABIs) continue to form the basis of diagnostics for lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). However, there remains a paucity of data to support its accuracy. This study aims to evaluate its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity using established arterial-imaging modalities as a benchmark. Methods In this retrospective study, a regional, prospectively maintained, vascular laboratory database was interrogated to identify referred patients with arterial disease who underwent concomitant assessment with ABI and lower limb arterial duplex ultrasound (DUS). Duplex acted as the reference standard. Those who had peripheral computed tomography angiogram (CTA) within 3 months of initial assessment were included in a subgroup analysis to correlate ABI with CTA. The primary end point was the sensitivity and specificity of ABI compared with DUS as the reference standard. Results Concomitant assessment was performed in 438 limbs (250 patients) over a 27-month period. The ABI was normal (0.9 to 1.4) in 196 limbs (44.9%) and abnormal in the remaining 241 limbs (55.1%). False-positive results occurred in 83 out of 241 limbs (34.4%), and false-negative results occurred in 54 limbs out of 196 (27.5%). True-positive results were 158 out of 241 limbs (65.6%), whereas true-negative results were 142 out of 196 limbs (72.4%). ABI using DUS as a benchmark identified a sensitivity for peripheral artery disease of 72.3% and a specificity of 69.3%. Concomitant CTA imaging was available in 200 limbs. The sensitivity and specificity of ABI correlated with CTA were 65.5 and 68.8%, respectively. Conclusion ABIs have a moderate predictive value in the diagnosis of LEAD. Normal range outcomes cannot be taken to infer the absence of LEAD and, as such, further arterial imaging in the form of DUS or angiography should be strongly considered in those with suspected underlying disease requiring intervention. Further noninvasive tests such as exercise studies or pulse volume waveforms should be considered, if diagnostic uncertainty exists, in those requiring nonoperative intervention and risk factor control.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lithium Carbonate on Egg Shell Formation and Serum Calcium Level of the Hen

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Creek ◽  
Pauline Lund ◽  
O.P. Thomas ◽  
W.O. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Egg Shell
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document