Free-ranging eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) infected with bot fly (Cuterebra emasculator) larvae have higher resting but lower maximum metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Careau ◽  
D. Garant ◽  
M.M. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Metabolic Ecology ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Free Ranging

Given the ubiquity and evolutionary importance of parasites, their effect on the energy budget of mammals remains surprisingly unclear. The eastern chipmunk ( Tamias striatus (L., 1758)) is a burrowing rodent that is commonly infected by cuterebrid bot fly ( Cuterebra emasculator Fitch, 1856) larvae. We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) and cold-induced Vo2-max (under heliox atmosphere) in 20 free-ranging individuals, of which 4 individuals were infected by one or two larva. We found that RMR was significantly higher in chipmunks infected by bot fly larvae (mean ± SE = 0.88 ± 0.05 W) than in uninfected individuals (0.74 ± 0.02 W). In contrast, Vo2-max was significantly lower in chipmunks infected by bot fly larvae (4.96 ± 0.70 W) than in uninfected individuals (6.37 ± 0.16 W). Consequently, the aerobic scope (ratio of Vo2-max to RMR) was negatively correlated with the number of bot fly larvae (infected individuals = 5.74 ± 1.03 W; noninfected individuals = 8.67 ± 0.26 W). Finally, after accounting for the effects of body mass and bot fly parasitism on RMR and Vo2-max, there was no correlation between the two variables among individuals within our population. In addition to providing the first estimate of Vo2-max in T. striatus, these results offer additional evidence that bot fly parasitism has significant impacts on the metabolic ecology of this host species.

The cold shoulder: free-ranging snowshoe hares maintain a low cost of living in cold climates

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 956-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sheriff ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
L. Kuchel ◽  
S. Boutin ◽  
M. M. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

The hypothesis that cold air temperatures (Ta) constrain the metabolic diversity of high-latitude endotherms is based on the observation among birds and mammals that mean field metabolic rate (FMR) increases, whereas the variability of FMR decreases, from the warm tropics to the cold poles. However, there is a paucity of FMR measurements from above 60° latitude and below 0 °C. We measured the daily energy expenditure of a high-latitude population of free-ranging snowshoe hares ( Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) in Yukon, Canada, in winter (Ta-mean = –16.4 °C) and in autumn (Ta-mean = 0.5 °C). Doubly labelled water measures of FMR were approximately 20% lower in winter than in autumn, and were a similar, low multiple of resting metabolic rate in both seasons (2.04 and 1.94, respectively). The mass-corrected FMR of snowshoe hares in winter was only half the value predicted by extrapolating the relationship between FMR and Ta > 0 to –16.4 °C. These results contribute to an emerging pattern of a reversal in the relationship between FMR and Ta in free-ranging mammals from negative above 0 °C to positive below 0 °C. We refer to the positive, low Ta portion of this relationship as the cold shoulder, and suggest that it may reflect the general necessity for free-ranging mammals to use behavioural and (or) physiological means to conserve energy during long winters when cold conditions coincide with resource scarcity.

Energetic cost of bot fly parasitism in free-ranging eastern chipmunks

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Careau ◽  
Donald W. Thomas ◽  
Murray M. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
Eastern Chipmunks ◽  
Free Ranging

The Importance of Sheep Bot Fly Larvae and Their Control with Systemic Insecticides in Arizona1

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Buchanan ◽  
Leonard W. Dewhirst ◽  
George W. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
Fly Larvae

scholarly journals The effect of ocean warming on black sea bass (Centropristis striata) aerobic scope and hypoxia tolerance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Slesinger ◽  
Alyssa Andres ◽  
Rachael Young ◽  
Brad Seibel ◽  
Vincent Saba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Centropristis Striata ◽  
Black Sea Bass ◽  
The U.S

AbstractOver the last decade, ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf (U.S. NES) has warmed faster than the global average and is associated with observed distribution changes of the northern stock of black sea bass (Centropristis striata). Mechanistic models based on physiological responses to environmental conditions can improve future habitat suitability projections. We measured maximum, resting metabolic rate, and hypoxia tolerance (Scrit) of the northern adult black sea bass stock to assess performance across the known temperature range of the species. A subset of individuals was held at 30°C for one month (30chronic°C) prior to experiments to test acclimation potential. Absolute aerobic scope (maximum – resting metabolic rate) reached a maximum of 367.21 mgO2 kg−1 hr−1 at 24.4°C while Scrit continued to increase in proportion to resting metabolic rate up to 30°C. The 30chronic°C group had a significant decrease in maximum metabolic rate and absolute aerobic scope but resting metabolic rate or Scrit were not affected. This suggests a decline in performance of oxygen demand processes (e.g. muscle contraction) beyond 24°C despite maintenance of oxygen supply. The Metabolic Index, calculated from Scrit as an estimate of potential aerobic scope, closely matched the measured factorial aerobic scope (maximum / resting metabolic rate) and declined with increasing temperature to a minimum below 3. This may represent a critical value for the species. Temperature in the U.S. NES is projected to increase above 24°C in the southern portion of the northern stock’s range. Therefore, these black sea bass will likely continue to shift north as the ocean continues to warm.

Cutaneous Myiasis with Dermatobia Hominis (Human Bot Fly*) Larvæ Treated both Conservatively and Surgically

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
G. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Spontaneous Resolution ◽  
Dermatobia Hominis ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
Cutaneous Myiasis ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractA case is presented of infestation with the larvae of Dermatobia hominis (human bot fly). This case is unusual in that it provides an example of three different outcomes for separate lesions in the same patient; spontaneous resolution, conservative treatment and surgical intervention. It also illustrates that myiasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of any skin lesion of a patient returning from the tropics.

Implantation of Human Bot Fly Larvae in Host Skin

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Leite ◽  
M.F.A. Nascimento ◽  
L. R. Serafim
Keyword(s):  
Bot Fly ◽  
Fly Larvae

scholarly journals Effects of stochastic food deprivation on energy budget, body mass and activity in Swiss mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhao ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Ruirui Wang ◽  
Guiying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

Abstract When small animals are faced with an unpredictable food supply, they can adapt by altering different components of their energy budget such as energy intake, metabolic rate, rate of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) or behaviour. The present study examined the effect of stochastic food deprivation (FD) on body mass, food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), NST and behaviour in male Swiss mice. During a period of 4 weeks’ FD, animals were fed ad libitum for a randomly assigned 4 days each week, but were deprived of food for the other 3 days. The results showed that body mass significantly dropped on FD days compared to controls. Food intake of FD mice increased significantly on ad libitum days, ensuring cumulative food intake, final body mass, fat mass, RMR and NST did not differ significantly from controls. Moreover, gastrointestinal tract mass increased in FD mice, but digestibility decreased. In general, activity was higher on deprived days, and feeding behaviour was higher on ad libitum days suggesting that Swiss mice are able to compensate for stochastic FD primarily by increasing food intake on ad libitum days, and not by reducing energy expenditure related to RMR or NST.

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