Nutrient allocation for egg production in six Atlantic seabirds

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Bond ◽  
Antony W. Diamond

How species allocate nutrients to egg production is an important question in contaminant analyses. Seabird eggs are sampled frequently in such studies, so it is important to know the source of nutrients in these eggs if the source of the contaminants is to be traced. We used a stable-isotope approach to evaluate the relative importance of locally derived nutrients (income breeding) and stored nutrient reserves (capital breeding) in six species of Atlantic seabirds (Arctic Tern, Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763; Common Tern, Sterna hirundo L., 1758; Atlantic Puffin, Fratercula arctica (L., 1758); Common Murre, Uria aalge (Pontoppidan, 1763); Razorbill, Alca torda L., 1758; Leach’s Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818)) breeding in the Bay of Fundy. We found that all species either were income breeders or adopted an intermediate strategy whereby varying proportions of locally derived nutrients were incorporated into eggs. Each species’ migratory behaviour is likely a main factor in determining the amount of endogenous nutrients used in egg formation.

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Threlfall

One thousand and one alcids of six species (Alca torda, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Plautus alle, Cepphus grylle, Fratercula arctica) were collected in the northwestern North Atlantic, during the period June, 1966 – September, 1969, and examined for parasites. Helminths belonging to 12 genera were recovered, the common murre (U. aalge) containing the greatest number of species. Statistically significant annual variations (P < 005) in the parasite burden of this species were noted. No differences in intensity of infection in male and female birds and in chicks and adults were detected. Twelve new host records are noted.


ARCTIC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabeau Pratte ◽  
Kelly A. Boadway ◽  
Antony W. Diamond ◽  
Mark L. Mallory

 Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) are iconic seabirds of polar latitudes, whose successful reproduction is thought to depend on local food supplies near breeding colonies. We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in eggs, blood, and feathers of terns breeding in the Canadian High Arctic to compare their isotopic niche between life history stages and between two years. The isotopic niche of terns was smaller during incubation than during pre-breeding or winter. Over two breeding seasons, isotopic profiles of Arctic Terns suggested the high importance of local, exogenous nutrient supplies to form eggs (i.e., an income breeding strategy). Our results illustrate that using stable isotopes to assess the niche of a seabird population during critical periods of its annual cycle could be an essential tool in determining the influence that local forage conditions have on breeding decisions, especially for species that mostly rely on exogenous sources of nutrients and energy for egg production.


Author(s):  
David B. McCorquodale ◽  
Dan B. Banks ◽  
Matthew I. Kerr ◽  
Richard W. Knapton ◽  
David L. Harris

The Bird Islands support the largest colonies of nesting seabirds in Nova Scotia. From a continental perspective the islands host one of the largest Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) colonies in North America and a significant Razorbill (Alca torda) colony. However the islands are best known for nesting Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica). Populations of all species have changed over the past 75 years, none so dramatically as Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Kittiwakes colonized the islands 20 years ago and are now the most numerous nesting seabirds. Two other recent colonists, Herring (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus) are the next most common nesting species on the islands. In contrast the small colony of Common Murres (Uria aalge) and the large colonies of Arctic (Sterna paradisaea) and Common Terns (S. hirundo) of the 1920s have disappeared. Here we present recent estimates of breeding populations and summarize the data on changes in populations in the past 75 years based on a review of the literature, and surveys conducted from boats circumnavigating the islands during 11 different years from 1976 until 2000. The changes in breeding populations of seabirds on the Bird Islands show that their importance for conservation has changed through the years. For example in the 1920s about one third of all nesting Double-crested Cormorants in Nova Scotia were on the Bird Islands. In 1933 no Great Cormorants nested on the islands. In contrast in 2000 they supported the largest colony of Great Cormorants in North America and less than 1% of the Double-crested Cormorants in eastern Canada.En Nouvelle-Écosse, ce sont les îles Bird qui abritent les plus grosses colonies d’oiseaux de mer nicheurs. Les îles hébergent une des plus grosses colonies de Grands Cormorans (Phalacrocorax carbo) de l’Amérique du Nord et une colonie importante de Petits Pingouins (Alca torda). Cependant, les îles sont plus connues pour les Macareux moines (Fratercula arctica). Depuis les 75 dernières années, les populations de toutes les espèces ont changé, mais c’est la population de Mouettes tridactyles (Rissa tridactyla) qui a changé le plus. Il y a vingt ans, ces mouettes ont colonisé les îles et sont devenues les oiseaux de mer les plus abondants à s’y reproduire. Deux autres espèces ayant colonisé les îles depuis peu, le Goéland argenté (Larus argentatus) et le Goéland marin (L. marinus), arrivent au second rang pour ce qui est des oiseaux nicheurs les plus nombreux sur les îles. Par contre, la petite colonie de Guillemots marmettes (Uria aalge) et les grosses colonies de Sternes arctiques (Sterna paradisaea) et de Sternes pierregarins (S. hirundo) qui y vivaient durant les années 1920 ont disparu. Nous présentons ici des évaluations récentes des populations d’oiseaux nicheurs et les tendances démographiques depuis les 75 dernières années à partir d’une revue de la documentation, ainsi que les résultats de relevés effectués dans 11 années, entre 1976 et 2000, à bord de bateaux qui ont fait le tour des îles. Les changements dans les populations d’oiseaux de mer qui se reproduisent sur les îles Bird montrent que leur importance sur le plan de la conservation a varié au cours des années. Par exemple, dans les années 1920, environ un tiers de tous les Cormorans à aigrettes qui nichaient en Nouvelle-Écosse le faisaient sur les îles Bird. En 1933, aucun Grand Cormoran ne nichait sur les îles, tandis qu’en 2000, elles abritaient la plus grosse colonie de cette espèce en Amérique du Nord et moins de 1 % des Cormorans à aigrettes de l’est du Canada.PROC. N.S. INST. SCI. (2004)Volume 42, Part 2, pp. 241-252*


2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cotter ◽  
Jean-François Rail

In the tradition of the quinquennial census of seabirds in the Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along Québec’s North Shore, which began in 1925, this paper presents the results of the first three seabird censuses of the Gaspé Peninsula conducted in 1979, 1989, and 2002, with an emphasis on the third census and on changes in seabird populations that occurred between the second and third censuses. In 1979 the population of seabirds was estimated at 134,163 birds, and this increased 72% to 231,186 birds in 1989. The upward trend in population continued in the 1990s but less sharply. The 2002 census recorded 279,276 birds, a 21% increase over the second census. The seabird community of the Gaspé Peninsula comprises 14 species. In each of the three censuses, three species accounted for over 75% of the total seabird population: Northern Gannet, Black-legged Kittiwake, and Common Murre. Between 1989 and 2002, Common Eider, Northern Gannet, Great Cormorant, Ring-billed Gull, Razorbill, and Black Guillemot increased in numbers, whereas Herring Gull, Black-legged Kittiwake, and Common Tern all suffered declines. Populations for Double-crested Cormorant, Great Black-backed Gull, and Common Murre all remained stable. Very small populations (<25 birds) of Leach’s Storm-Petrel and Atlantic Puffin have been recorded during the censuses at only one location, Bonaventure Island. In the 2002 census there were no petrels observed, neither of adults nor of active burrows.À l’instar des inventaires quinquennaux des oiseaux marins dans les refuges d’oiseaux migrateurs de la Côte-Nord, entrepris en 1925, cet article présente les résultats des trois premiers inventaires complets des oiseaux de mer nicheurs en Gaspésie, menés en 1979, 1989 et 2002. Une attention particulière est mise sur le statut des espèces d’après le troisième inventaire, et sur les tendances des populations entre les deux derniers inventaires. En 1979, le nombre d’oiseaux marins nicheur était évalué à 134 163 oiseaux, puis ce total a augmenté de 72% pour atteindre 231 186 oiseaux en 1989. Cette tendance à la hausse a continué dans les années 90, mais moins rapidement. En 2002 l’estimation était de 279 276 oiseaux, soit une hausse de 21 % par rapport au deuxième inventaire. La communauté d’oiseaux de mer de la Gaspésie est formée de 14 espèces nicheuses. Dans chacun des trois inventaires, trois espèces représentaient plus de 75 % de la population totale des oiseaux marins: le Fou de Bassan, la Mouette tridactyle, et le Guillemot marmette. Entre 1989 et 2002, l’Eider à duvet, le Fou de Bassan, le Grand Cormoran, le Goéland à bec cerclé, le Petit Pingouin et le Guillemot à miroir ont vu leurs nombres croître, tandis que le Goéland argenté, la Mouette tridactyle et la Sterne pierregarin subissaient des déclins. Les populations de Cormoran à aigrettes, Goéland marin et Guillemot marmette sont demeurées stables. Les petites populations (<25 oiseaux) d’Océanite cul-blanc et de Macareux moine n’ont été vues durant ces inventaires qu’à l’île Bonaventure. Cependant, aucun nid actif d’océanite ne fut localisé à cet endroit en 2002.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid L. Pollet ◽  
Alexander L. Bond ◽  
April Hedd ◽  
Charles E. Huntington ◽  
Ronald G. Butler ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Huntington ◽  
Ronald G. Butler ◽  
Robert Mauck

Ibis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Whittington ◽  
Bruce M. Dyer ◽  
Robert J.M. Crawford ◽  
Anthony J. Williams

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
James A. Robinson ◽  
Keith C. Hamer ◽  
Lorraine S. Chivers

Abstract Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) and Common Terns (S. hirundo) are similar in many aspects of their breeding ecology, but Common Terns generally lay three eggs per clutch whereas Arctic Terns lay two. In our study, Common Terns had a higher rate of food delivery and energy supply to the nest and higher nest attendance, indicating that they made trips of shorter average duration. This suggests that the number of chicks raised by these two species was primarily limited by the rate at which parents could supply food. However, estimated daily metabolizable energy intake of chicks was about 30% higher in Common Terns than in Arctic Terns. Common Tern chicks apparently spent a higher proportion of daily energy intake on maintenance of body temperature. It remains unknown whether this difference was because Common Tern parents could not brood three chicks as effectively as Arctic Terns brooded two or because the energy requirements for heat production in the third-hatched Common Tern chick were particularly high. If brooding did play a less important role in the energy budgets of Common Terns, the number of chicks that Arctic Terns could raise may have been limited not only by the rate at which parents could supply food to the nest but also by the requirements of chicks for brooding. We suggest that more detailed studies on the role of brooding constraints in limiting brood size in these species are required to clarify this matter.


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