Seasonal patterns and influence of temperature on the daily activity of the diurnal neotropical rodent Necromys lasiurus

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Vieira ◽  
L. C. Baumgarten ◽  
G. Paise ◽  
R. G. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Central Brazil

We investigated the relation between temperature and diel activity patterns of Necromys lasiurus (Lund, 1841) in 10 sites of open vegetation (grassland fields) in the Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation) of central Brazil. We used live traps equipped with timing devices during two trapping sessions: in the end of the dry season (session 1, October 2001) and in the wet season (session 2, January–February 2002). Necromys lasiurus is basically a diurnal rodent with more pronounced crepuscular and nocturnal activity in the dry season than in the wet season. Only in the wet season did we detect significant between-gender differences, with males being less active than females in the first hours after sunrise but more active between 0900 and 1200. There was no significant activity–temperature relation in the dry season, but in the wet season, both genders showed a positive relation between ambient temperature and activity. Individuals might be avoiding hot midday hours in the end of the dry season to minimize time exposure to a physiologically stressful condition caused by the joint action of high temperatures and extremely low relative humidity (<15%). In the rainy season, the high relative humidity (80%–90%) might allow the animals to show a positive relation between activity and ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Branch elongation and diameter growth were temporally dissociatedin "cerrado" tree species

Hoehnea ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Branch Growth ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
One Year

Here is a communicating about time differences between branch and diameter growth in a tree community of ten species in Neotropical savanna ("cerrado") of Central Brazil. This work was conducted to study branch expansion and diameter growth in a period of one year between 2006 and 2007. Branch growth had begin in middle dry season and had the peak occurrence during the dry period in September, while diameter growth had begin in late dry season and peaked in the middle of wet season in December. The majority of species followed the same pattern. Branch growth did not have relation with rainfall, while diameter growth had a clear and positive relation with rainfall records. These results suggested that branch growth was not depend on rainfall but only on water status recover, while diameter growth probably depends strongly on water and to carbon assimilation that occurs after branch and leaf expansion.

Seasonal patterns of energy allocation to basal metabolism, activity and production for livestock in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Coppock ◽  
D. M. Swift ◽  
J. E. Ellis ◽  
K. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Annual Basis

SummaryEnergy budgets and estimates of forage intake requirements were developed for adult camels, cattle, sheep, and goats managed by nomads in the arid Turkana District of north-western Kenya. The estimates were developed by combining our field data on livestock activity patterns, diet quality, weight changes and milk yields with literature based estimates of the associated costs and efficiencies. On an annual basis, the average animal walked 17 km/day and had a total metabolizable energy (ME) allocation of 47% for basal metabolism, 16% for travel, 14% for other activities, and 23% for production. Season and species influenced patterns of energy demand and allocation. Average daily ME requirements ranged from 8·7 MJ (sheep) to 76·7 MJ (camels). ME demand for all species peaked during wet (April-May) or early-to mid-dry periods (June-October), and decreased considerably in the late-dry season (November-March). In the wet season the average sheep or goat allocated 45% of its ME budget to production of milk and gain, followed by cattle (36%) and camels (25%). All species were more similar in ME allocation for production during the late-dry season (7–13%; all to lactation), yet patterns of weight loss during this time indicated that camels experienced the lowest degree of negative energy balance. On an annual basis, camel budgets were the most deviant, as they allocated relatively more ME to activity and relatively less to basal metabolism or weight gain. Estimates of forage dry-matter intakes (per unit live weight per day) ranged from 3·8% (cattle, camels) to 4·6% (sheep, goats) throughout the year, and intakes declined for most species by an average of 50% from the wet to late-dry intervals. This approach has revealed ecological differences among livestock species that help explain the utility of multi-species holdings in this system.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Air Pollution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endeshaw Lake
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
One Year ◽  
Atmospheric Variables

In this paper we access the effects of two atmospheric variables (temperature and relative humidity) on two important pollutants in the atmosphere (Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO)) by using one year (2016) data of Addis Ababa. Temperature has impact on atmospheric mixing and cause for the reduction of NOx as temperature increases. There are positive correlation between temperature and CO concentration from January to April with (R2 = 0.69), negative correlation from May to August with (R2 = 0.92) and no correlation for the remaining months. NOx and CO have moderate positive and negative correlation with relative humidity during the months January-April (R2 = 0.294 for NOx and R2 = 0291 for CO) and in the months May-August are R2 = 0.97 and R2 = 0.15 for NOx and CO respectively. But there are no clear correlation between the NOx and CO with relative humidity from September-December. NOx concentrations during wet season was almost about twice that of the dry season, but no such difference was observed in the case of CO. The seasonal average air temperature in wet season is relatively lower than dry season. NOx exhibited positive and CO negative seasonal correlations with relative humidity.

Effects of habitat, group-size, sex-age class and seasonal variation on the behavioural responses of the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) in Munessa, Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Tadesse ◽  
Burt P. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Habitat Variables

Abstract:Activity patterns of animals are generally influenced by many factors. We hypothesized that the behavioural responses (i.e. activity time-budget allocated to vigilance, feeding and moving) of mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) should vary with habitat type, season, group-size and sex-age class. We randomly established a total of 12 permanent walking transects with the aid of a GPS device across three major habitat types used by the mountain nyala (i.e. four transects in each habitat). Following each transect, we conducted focal-animal observations to quantify the time-budget allocated to vigilance, feeding and moving. A total of 119 and 116 focal-animals were assessed in the wet and dry season respectively. Moreover, along each transect, seven habitat variables were collected in systematically laid 109 circular plots each with a 5-m radius (i.e. 31, 41 and 37 plots in the cleared vegetation, plantation and natural forest respectively) in the wet and dry season. We developed behavioural models by correlating the time-budget (i.e. proportion of time vigilance, feeding and moving) of the focal-animals in accordance with habitat variables, group-size and sex-age class. In the wet season, mountain nyala devoted most of their time to vigilance, but they allocated the largest proportion of their time to moving in the dry season. Vigilance differed among the three habitats and was highest in the cleared vegetation during the dry season. Contrary to expectations, adult males were more vigilant than both adult females and sub-adults during the dry season. The behavioural models based on time-budget help to predict how the mountain nyala perceive their environment and trade-off between food acquisition and safety in the wet and dry season. The study also improves our understanding of the adaptive behavioural ecology of the endangered mountain nyala.

Activity budgets and dietary investigations of Varanus salvator (Reptilia: Varanidae) in Karamjal ecotourism spot of Bangladesh Sundarbans mangrove forest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Ilgizar Iliazovic Rakhimov ◽  
M. Monirul H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sundarbans Mangrove ◽  
Study Species

Tropical mangrove forest ecosystem of Sundarbans is considered as the most potential habitat for the V. salvator found in Bangladesh. The study was conducted to understand the general ecology and behavior of V. salvator, to assess its activity patterns and feeding ecology in and around Karamjal ecotourism spot of Bangladesh Sundarbans. The activities of water monitor were more frequently seen from 0900 – 1200 hrs and from 1530 – 1700 hrs of the day. Proportion of time spent on different behavioral states by the water monitors were varied significantly in both wet and dry season. It was found that adult water monitor spent highest proportion of time in foraging activity during rainy or wet season and during winter or in dry season they spent maximum time in resting or basking. Most preferred diet of V. salvator during this study was crabs and besides these they showed their character as scavenger also. As the study species was poikilothermic animal so, the influences of environmental variables upon their activities in different habitats either in summer or in winter might not be ignored.

scholarly journals Estimation of Radio Horizon Distance Using Measured Meteorological Parameters over Some Selected Locations in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. T. Adediji ◽  
S. O. Adebusola ◽  
J. S. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean

In this study, results of the variation of maximum and minimum radio horizon distance derived from the computation of surface refractivity through measurement of temperature, relative humidity and pressureacrosssevenlocations((Akure (7.15°N, 5.12°E), Lagos (6.30°N, 3.20°E), Abuja (7.10°N, 9.25°E), Jos (9.50°N, 8.50°E), Makurdi (7.30°N,8.53°E), Port-Harcourt(4.20°N,7.00°E), and Nsukka (6.90°N,7.67°E)) in Nigeria are presented. Two years (Jan., 2011–Dec., 2012) archived data as provided by Tropospheric Data Acquisition Network (TRODAN) of the Centre for Atmospheric Research Anyigba, Kogi State were utilized for the study. Results showed that the values of surface refractivity (Ns) were low during the dry season months and high during the wet season months and also there was high value of NS at the coastal areas compared with the inland areas. It was also deduced that the mean value of NS for Abuja, Akure, Jos, Lagos, Markurdi, Nsukka and Port-Harcourt is 355, 362, 303, 391, 375, 361 and 399 N-units respectively. Results showed that the Radio Horizon Distance (RDH) values were generally low during the wet season months and high during the dry season months. The variability of radio horizon distance of transmitting antennas is higher in the Northern part of Nigeria than the southern part.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern of Air Pollutant Concentrations and Their Relationship with Meteorological Parameters in Coastal Slum Settlements of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1426
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Princess Okimiji ◽  
Kuaanan Techato ◽  
John Nyandansobi Simon ◽  
Opeyemi Oluwaseun Tope-Ajayi ◽  
Angela Tochukwu Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Slum Settlements

This study assessed the spatial disposition of air pollutants and their relationship with meteorological parameters in urban slum settlements of Lagos city. The gaseous pollutants were quantified using a gas analyzer, and the PM2.5 concentration and meteorological parameters were determined using an Air Metric Sampler and Wind Mate, respectively. SPSS for Windows and ArcGIS were used for data analysis. The results revealed that the seasonal variations in SO2, NO2, CO2, and PM2.5 showed a higher level of air pollutant concentration during the dry season than during the wet season. During the wet season, a significant correlation was observed between PM2.5 and temperature at the 1% level (0.957**), and VOC and SO2 (0.907*) at the 5% level; during the dry season, significant correlations were observed between NO2 and SO2 at the 1% level (0.9477**), and PM2.5 and relative humidity (0.832*) at the 5% level. Atmospheric pressure (72%), temperature (60%), and relative humidity (98.4) were the primary meteorological factors affecting air pollutants such as VOC, CO2, and SO2. The spatial dispersal of air pollutants revealed a high Z score and a moderate p-value, indicating hot spot locations throughout the five selected slum settlements. It is recommended that regular monitoring based on quantifiable economic costs that are beneficial to the well-being of the populace be investigated, and policy-based initiatives for air pollution control based on scientific evidence be advocated for.

scholarly journals Seasonality and interspecific temporal partitioning in a semiarid grassland bat assemblage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Mohan ◽  
Vaibhav Chhaya ◽  
Anand Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Semiarid Grassland ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

ABSTRACTArid and semiarid environments of the world are prone to dramatic seasonal changes that affect the availability of scarce, patchily distributed resources such as water. In response to these changes, animals migrate or partition resources to minimize competition, resulting in temporal patterns within assemblages across multiple scales. Here, we demonstrate that the winter dry season bat assemblage in a semiarid grassland of northwest India exhibits both seasonal changes in composition and temporal avoidance between coexisting species at water bodies. Using a passive acoustic monitoring framework to quantify activity patterns at different points in the season, we show that two species (Rhinolophus lepidus and Tadarida aegyptiaca) exhibit seasonal differences in activity, being more frequently detected in the early and late parts of the dry season respectively. Two other species (Pipistrellus tenuis and Scotophilus heathii) do not exhibit seasonal changes in activity, but structure their diel activity patterns to minimize temporal overlap (and thus competition) at water bodies. These data, some of the first on bats from this region, demonstrate the complex temporal patterns structuring bat assemblages in arid and semiarid biomes. Our results hold promise for monitoring efforts, as a baseline to ascertain how climate change may influence the behavior and ecology of desert and grassland organisms.

scholarly journals Air Quality Indexing, Mapping and Principal Components Analysis of Ambient Air Pollutants around Farm Settlements across Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Funmilola Oyebanji ◽  
Godson Ana ◽  
Opeyemi Tope-Ajayi ◽  
Adebayo Sadiq ◽  
Yahaya Mijinyawa
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The focus of this study was to portray the spatial pattern of air quality across seasons in the eight sampled farm settlements using air quality indexes and assess the clusters of monitored air pollutants. The concentrations of air pollutants were determined using in-situ portable gas detectors and particulate counter. The AQI for each criteria pollutants (CO, O3, TSP, PM10, SO2, and PM2.5) was calculated using AQI formulae of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and mapped using the Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method in the Geographic information systems (GIS) environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to group the parameters and estimate the interrelationships between the loadings of the parameters in each component. The AQI ranges of pollutants which deviated from the acceptable good status are CO (71.98 – 238 and 88.85 – 220.93), NO2 (10.14 – 107.07 and 10.84 – 72.88) and PM2.5 (12.90 – 70.85 and 12.56 – 54.02) for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. There were five and four PCs with eigenvalues > 1, accounting for 69.75% and 61.73% of the total variance during the wet and dry season, respectively. The parameters in each component are as follows; PC1 - TSP, PM10, PM2.5, Bacteria and fungi; PC2 - CO and Temperature; PC3 - relative humidity and O3; PC4 - CO2; PC5 - NO2 and SO2 for the wet season and PC1 - TSP, PM10, PM2.5, Bacteria and fungi; PC2 - NH3 and NO2; PC3 - CO2 and O3; PC4 - Temperature and relative humidity during the dry season. Biomass burning, engine exhausts and fine-particulate related activities are sources of air pollution and such may pose negative implication to human health and environment. Therefore, the use of alternative biomass disposal, regular servicing of processing engines and the wearing of protective wears against dust are recommended.

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