A mechanism aiding simultaneously reciprocal mating in snails

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chase ◽  
E. Darbyson ◽  
K. E. Horn ◽  
E. Samarova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Genital Atrium ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Sexual Roles ◽  
Sensory Capacity ◽  
Cornu Aspersum ◽  
Terrestrial Snails ◽  
Reciprocal Mating

The majority of hermaphroditic animals mate on a given occasion as either male or female, but terrestrial snails and slugs generally mate reciprocally with each partner participating in both sexual roles. This manner of mating requires that the genitalia be exactly opposed prior to copulation attempts, a task made difficult in snails and slugs by the absence of hearing and very limited vision. In the brown garden snail, Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774), we found that a small protruding structure associated with the genital atrium plays an important role in positioning the snails prior to copulation. Lesions of the penial lobe reduced mating success rates, delayed mating, increased the number of attempted intromissions, and increased the number of unilateral intromissions. The sensory capacity of the penial lobe is demonstrated by histological and electrophysiological evidence, and behavioral data suggest that the lobe is also a stimulus for the partner snail. A literature review suggests that structures functionally equivalent to the penial lobe may be present in many gastropod molluscs that mate simultaneously and reciprocally, but in none that mate in other ways.

scholarly journals Unobtrusive Health Monitoring in Private Spaces: The Smart Home

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Wang ◽  
Nicolai Spicher ◽  
Joana M. Warnecke ◽  
Mostafa Haghi ◽  
Jonas Schwartze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Home Health Monitoring

With the advances in sensor technology, big data, and artificial intelligence, unobtrusive in-home health monitoring has been a research focus for decades. Following up our research on smart vehicles, within the framework of unobtrusive health monitoring in private spaces, this work attempts to provide a guide to current sensor technology for unobtrusive in-home monitoring by a literature review of the state of the art and to answer, in particular, the questions: (1) What types of sensors can be used for unobtrusive in-home health data acquisition? (2) Where should the sensors be placed? (3) What data can be monitored in a smart home? (4) How can the obtained data support the monitoring functions? We conducted a retrospective literature review and summarized the state-of-the-art research on leveraging sensor technology for unobtrusive in-home health monitoring. For structured analysis, we developed a four-category terminology (location, unobtrusive sensor, data, and monitoring functions). We acquired 912 unique articles from four relevant databases (ACM Digital Lib, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and Scopus) and screened them for relevance, resulting in n=55 papers analyzed in a structured manner using the terminology. The results delivered 25 types of sensors (motion sensor, contact sensor, pressure sensor, electrical current sensor, etc.) that can be deployed within rooms, static facilities, or electric appliances in an ambient way. While behavioral data (e.g., presence (n=38), time spent on activities (n=18)) can be acquired effortlessly, physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate, respiratory rate) are measurable on a limited scale (n=5). Behavioral data contribute to functional monitoring. Emergency monitoring can be built up on behavioral and environmental data. Acquired physiological parameters allow reasonable monitoring of physiological functions to a limited extent. Environmental data and behavioral data also detect safety and security abnormalities. Social interaction monitoring relies mainly on direct monitoring of tools of communication (smartphone; computer). In summary, convincing proof of a clear effect of these monitoring functions on clinical outcome with a large sample size and long-term monitoring is still lacking.

A Retrospective Study Regarding the Treatment of Lupoid Onychodystrophy in 30 Dogs and Literature Review

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf S. Mueller ◽  
Rodney A. W. Rosychuk ◽  
Leonard D. Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Excellent Response ◽  
Unclear Etiology

The treatment records of 30 dogs with lupoid onychodystrophy were evaluated retrospectively. Dogs were treated with fatty acid supplementation (n=18), doxycycline and niacinamide (n=12), tetracycline and niacinamide (n=10), pentoxifylline (n=6), prednisolone (n=5), azathioprine (n=1), clofazimine (n=1), or with combinations thereof. An excellent response was seen in almost half of the patients treated with tetra- or doxycycline in combination with niacinamide. Six of the dogs were maintained successfully on fatty acid supplementation. Spontaneous remissions and recurrences made evaluation of success rates difficult and emphasized the varied and often unclear etiology and natural course of the syndrome.

scholarly journals Atrial fibrillation ablation with a spring sensor-irrigated contact force-sensing catheter compared with other ablation catheters: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e023775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Macle ◽  
Diana Frame ◽  
Larry M Gache ◽  
George Monir ◽  
Scott J Pollak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Percutaneous Ablation ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Af Ablation

ObjectivesThe objective of our review was to systematically assess available evidence on the effectiveness, safety and efficiency of a spring sensor-irrigated contact force (CF) catheter (THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCH Catheter (ST)) for percutaneous ablation of paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), compared with other ablation catheters, or with the ST with the operator blinded to CF data.DesignSystematic literature review and meta-analysis.BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests improved clinical outcomes of AF ablation using CF-sensing catheters; however, reviews to date have included data from multiple, distinct CF technologies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies comparing the use of ST versus other ablation catheters for the treatment of AF. A comprehensive search of electronic and manual sources was conducted. The primary endpoint was freedom from recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) at 12 months. Procedural and safety data were also analysed.ResultsThirty-four studies enrolling 5004 patients were eligible. The use of ST was associated with increased odds of freedom from AT at 12 months (71.0%vs60.8%; OR 1.454, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.88, p=0.004) over the comparator group, and the effect size was most evident in paroxysmal AF patients (75.6%vs64.7%; OR 1.560, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.24, p=0.015). Procedure and fluoroscopy times were shorter with ST (p=0.05 and p<0.01, respectively, vs comparator groups). The reduction in procedure time is estimated at 15.5 min (9.0%), and fluoroscopy time 4.8 min (18.7%). Complication rates, including cardiac tamponade, did not differ between groups.ConclusionsCompared with the use of other catheters, AF ablation using the CF-sensing ST catheter for AF is associated with improved success rates, shorter procedure and fluoroscopy times and similar safety profile.

The current role of systemic therapy in the management of Malignant Melanoma of the skin: a literature review

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Reeves ◽  
P. Bridge ◽  
R. M. Appleyard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Disease Free

Melanoma patients can be split into two main categories that have different aims for treatment; localised disease with either intermediate or high-risk of recurrence after surgery, and metastatic disease. Over the past decade, there have been many clinical trials looking at improving the success rates for localised and metastatic melanoma with alternative systemic treatments, namely immunotherapy, biochemotherapy and vaccines. This literature review summarises the clinical trials for each form of systemic treatment in localised and metastatic melanoma and assesses the effectiveness of each by an evaluation and comparison of relevant clinical trials for each systemic modality. The main objective was to assess whether alternative forms of systemic therapy have improved the disease free and overall survival rates achieved with chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review of Real-World Evidence of C Eftolozane/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Respiratory Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Puzniak ◽  
Ryan Dillon ◽  
Thomas Palmer ◽  
Hannah Collings ◽  
Ashley Enstone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Real World ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia (NP), including hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP), ventilated HABP (vHABP), and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Common pathogens, including Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly prevalent in healthcare settings and have few effective treatment options due to high rates of antibacterial resistance. Resistant pathogens are associated with significantly worse outcomes and higher costs, relative to patients with susceptible infections. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has established efficacy in clinical trials of patients with NP. This review aimed to collate data on C/T use for HABP/vHABP/VABP infections in real-world clinical practice. Methods: This systematic literature review searched online biomedical databases for real-world studies of C/T for gram-negative respiratory tract infections (RTIs) up to June 2020. Relevant study, patient, and treatment characteristics, microbiology, and efficacy outcomes were captured.Results: Thirty-three studies comprising 658 patients were identified. Pneumonia was the most common infection C/T was used to treat (85%), with a smaller number of unspecified RTIs (9%) and tracheobronchitis (5%) reported. Data on severity of illness and comorbidity were inconsistently reported. The majority of patients had respiratory infections caused by P. aeruginosa (92.8%), of which 88.1% were multidrug-resistant (including extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant). Examination of these studies demonstrated an increase in the percentage of patients receiving the recommended dose of C/T for respiratory infections (3 g q8h or renal impairment-adjusted) over time (36.8% of patients in 2017 to 71.5% in 2020). Clinical success rates ranged from 51.4–100%, with 10 studies (55.6% of studies reporting clinical success) reporting clinical success rates of >70%; microbiological success rates ranged from 57.0–100.0%, with three studies (60.0% of studies reporting microbiological success) reporting microbiological success rates of >70%. Thirty-day mortality ranged from 0.0–33.0%, with nine studies (90% of studies reporting mortality) reporting 30-day mortality of <30%. Conclusions: The studies identified in this review demonstrate that C/T shows similar outcomes as those seen in clinical trials, despite the higher frequency of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and comorbidities/conditions that may have been excluded from the trials.

scholarly journals Assessing Trust Versus Reliance for Technology Platforms by Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512091388
Author(s):  
Trevor Deley ◽  
Elizabeth Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Media Data

We do not trust technologies like we trust people, rather we rely on them. This article argues for an emphasis on reliance rather than trust as a concept for understanding human relationships with technology. Reliance is important because researchers can empirically measure the reliability of a given technology. We first explore two frameworks of trust and reliance. We then examine how reliance can be measured by conducting systematic literature reviews of reported success metrics for given technologies. Specifically, we examine papers which present models for predicting private traits from social media data. Of the 72 models for predicting private traits that were surveyed from 31 papers, 80% of the methods reported success rates lower than 90%, indicating a general unreliability in predicting private traits. We illustrate the current applicability of this method throughout the article by discussing the Cambridge Analytica scandal that began during the 2016 US Presidential election.

scholarly journals Real-world use of ceftolozane/tazobactam: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Puzniak ◽  
Ryan Dillon ◽  
Thomas Palmer ◽  
Hannah Collings ◽  
Ashley Enstone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Real World ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Seriously Ill

Abstract Background Antibacterial-resistant gram-negative infections are a serious risk to global public health. Resistant Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly prevalent, particularly in healthcare settings, and there are limited effective treatment options. Patients with infections caused by resistant pathogens have considerably worse outcomes, and incur significantly higher costs, relative to patients with susceptible infections. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has established efficacy in clinical trials. This review aimed to collate data on C/T use in clinical practice. Methods This systematic literature review searched online biomedical databases for real-world studies of C/T for gram-negative infections up to June 2020. Relevant study, patient, and treatment characteristics, microbiology, and efficacy outcomes were captured. Results There were 83 studies comprising 3,701 patients were identified. The most common infections were respiratory infections (52.9% of reported infections), urinary tract infections (UTIs; 14.9%), and intra-abdominal infections (IAIs; 10.1%). Most patients included were seriously ill and had multiple comorbidities. The majority of patients had infections caused by P.aeruginosa (90.7%), of which 86.0% were antimicrobial-resistant. C/T was used as both a 1.5 g q8h and 3 g q8h dose, for a median duration of 7–56 days (varying between studies). Outcome rates were comparable between studies: clinical success rates ranged from 45.7 to 100.0%, with 27 studies (69%) reporting clinical success rates of > 70%; microbiological success rates ranged from 31 to 100%, with 14 studies (74%) reporting microbiological success rates of > 70%. Mortality rates ranged from 0 to 50%, with 31 studies (69%) reporting mortality rates of ≤ 20%. In comparative studies, C/T was as effective as aminoglycoside- or polymyxin-based regimens, and in some instances, significantly more effective. Conclusions The studies identified in this review demonstrate that C/T is effective in clinical practice, despite the diverse group of seriously ill patients, different levels of resistance of the pathogens treated, and varying dosing regimens used. Furthermore, comparative studies suggest that C/T offers a successful alternative to standard of care (SoC).

Effect of implant size and shape on implant success rates: A literature review

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hoon Lee ◽  
Val Frias ◽  
Keun-Woo Lee ◽  
Robert F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Implant Size

Treatment of Ulcerative Necrobiosis Lipoidica with Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor: Case Report and Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Binamer ◽  
Laura Sowerby ◽  
Therese El-Helou
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitor ◽  
Necrobiosis Lipoidica ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Topical Tacrolimus ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Variable Success ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor

Background: Ulcerative necrobiosis lipoidica (UNL) is an uncommon disease, which is frequently recalcitrant to available therapies. It is characterized by well-defined, ulcerated plaques with indurated borders and atrophic centers. Multiple therapeutic options have been described, with variable success rates. Objective: To report the efficacy of using topical tacrolimus in treating UNL. Method: Topical tacrolimus was used in the treatment of two patients with UNL. Result: Topical tacrolimus is effective in treating UNL. Conclusion: Topical tacrolimus is a reasonably effective choice in treating UNL. Contexte: La nécrobiose lipoïdique ulcérée (NLU) est une maladie rare, qui est souvent réfractaire au traitement. Elle se caractérise par des placards ulcérés et bien définis, des bords indurés et des centres atrophiques. Différentes formes de traitement ont été utilisées et se sont soldées par des taux variables de réussite. Objectif: L'étude visait à faire état de l'efficacité du tacrolimus topique dans le traitement de la NLU. Méthode: Nous avons fait usage de tacrolimus topique dans le traitement de la NLU chez deux patients. Résultat: Le tacrolimus topique s'est montré efficace dans le traitement de la NLU. Conclusion: Le tacrolimus topique est un moyen relativement efficace de traitement de la NLU.

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