Female effect on antlers of pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 734-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ungerfeld ◽  
J. P. Damián ◽  
M. Villagrán ◽  
S. X. González-Pensado
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Period Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Male Group ◽  
Ozotoceros Bezoarticus ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Female Effect ◽  
Antler Development

Size and bone mineralization of deer antlers are related to testosterone concentrations, and antler cast is observed after withdrawal of testosterone concentration. Our objectives were to determine if (i) contact with hinds stimulates antler development and increases hard antler period length in pampas deer ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus (L., 1758)) and (ii) antlers from males that were or were not in contact with hinds differ in colour. While 5 males were in breeding paddocks consisting of 1 adult stag and 5–10 hinds, the other 6 males were allocated as a single-male group. We collected, weighed, and measured the volume, circumferences, and lengths of antlers, and determined their colour. First antler cast tended to be later in males in contact with females than those in the single-male group. Antler mass and volume were greater in antlers from males in contact with females. Circumference at the base of first and second tines was also greater in antlers collected from males in contact with females. Surfaces of antlers from these males were darker than those of antlers from males that remained isolated from females in all points. Hind contact stimulated male pampas deer, increasing antler mass, size, and darkness, as well as possibly hard antler period length.

scholarly journals A New Genus of Nematodes Parasitic in Elephants

Parasitology ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
British Museum ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen

A Re-Examination of the type-specimens of “Sclerostoma” clathratum Baird from the African elephant, which are in the British Museum, has led to a rather interesting discovery. The material was contained in two bottles, labelled in Baird's own handwriting. One bore the name “Sclerostoma clathratum Baird,” and contained a single male specimen of the form now known as Grammocephalus clathratus. The other bottle was labelled “Sclerostoma clathratum Baird, ♀,” and proved to contain worms of both sexes and of quite a different type from Grammocephalus.

scholarly journals The Use of Metadiscursive Markers in Letters of Recommendation: An Investigation of Gender Variations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hmoud S. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Male Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Letters Of Recommendation

This study aimed to investigate gender variations in letters of recommendation. It used the metadiscourse theory with respect to the following resources: hedges, boosters, attitude markers, engagement markers, and self-mentions. The findings showed that hedges devices were the least frequent in both groups, but at the same time were used more by males compared to female recommenders. Boosters, on the other hand, were highly frequent in both corpora and, like hedges, were employed more frequently in the male group. Interestingly, while both gender groups shared using specific hedging and boosting tokens, each gender group appeared to favor using certain devices. The attitude markers were the most frequent in the two samples and appeared more in the female group. Similarly, while both groups used specific attitude markers, each gender group seemed to use specific attitude markers. The engagement markers revealed the highest divergence between the two groups, as they appeared more frequently in female letters. Finally, both gender groups employed self-mentions equally, but female letters seemed to favor using the plural forms. The study closes with some pedagogical implications by highlighting how the theory of metadiscourse can be of importance for academics.

scholarly journals GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SLOW-GROWING CIRCADIAN CLOCK MUTANT OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
Jerry F Feldman ◽  
Cheryl A Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Period Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Clock Mutant

ABSTRACT A circadian clock mutant of Neurospora crassa with a period length of about 25.8 hours (4 hr longer than wild type) has been isolated after mutagenesis of the band strain. This mutant, called frq-5, segregates as a single nuclear gene, maps near the centromere on linkage group III, and is unlinked to four previously described clock mutants clustered on linkage group VII R (Feldman and Hoyle 1973, 1976). frq-5 differs from the other clock mutants in at least two other respects: (1) it is recessive in heterokaryons, and (2) it grows at about 60% the rate of the parent band strain on both minimal and complete media. Double mutants between frq-5 and each of the other clock mutants show additivity of period length-two long period mutants produce a double mutant whose period length is longer than either of the two single mutants, while a long and a short period double mutant has an intermediate period length. Although slow growth and long periodicity of frq-5 have segregated together among more than 300 progeny, slow growth per se is not responsible for the long period, since all the double mutants have the slow growth characteristic of frq-5, but have period lengths both shorter and longer than wild type.

On the synonymy of Marshallagia orientalis (Bhalerao, 1932) with Marshallagia marshalli and a record of its occurrence from the mountainous region of the punjab

Parasitology ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
M. M. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Marshallagia Marshalli ◽  
Small Intestines

In June 1946, one male and one female helminth of the species Marshallagia marshalli (Ransom, 1907) were collected from one of two goats (Capra sibirica), at Manali, which had been slaughtered soon after their arrival from Spiti (Kangra district, Punjab, India). The abomasa, small intestines, lungs and livers of both the animals were available for examination. The lungs, livers and small intestines did not yield any helminths, but one male and one female of Marshallagia marshalli, were collected from the abomasum of one goat, and a single male specimen of Haemonchus contortus was collected from the abomasum of the other goat.

A Note on the Specific Identity of Trichostrongylus longispicularis Gordon, 1933

1956 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Male ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Specific Identity

The nematode Trichostrongylus longispicularis was described by Gordon (1933) from a single male recovered from a sheep in New South Wales. Gordon considered that the male of this species could be readily distinguished from the males of other species of the genus recorded from ruminants by an asymmetrical dorsal ray of the bursa and by the length and form of the spicules. The dorsal ray is described as being bifid, one bifurcation being simple and the other possessing secondary branches, one situated internally and the other externally. The slender spicules were 184·6 microns long, and terminated in fine sickle-shaped structures.Andrews (1934 and 1935) recorded the species from cattle in the United States. In his first description (Andrews, 1934) he noted that his specimens agreed very closely with the description published by Gordon (1933), but he referred to hook-like projections on the spicules. However, he failed to find these projections in the specimen discussed in his record of 1935. As he made no reference to the dorsal ray of the bursa, it is presumed that this agreed with the description and figure published by Gordon (1933). T. longispicularis was subsequently reported by Roberts (1938 and 1939) from cattle in Queensland, but no comments were made on its morphology.

Habitat use by the gnathiid isopodElaphognathia discolorliving in terebellid polychaete tubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Tanaka ◽  
Eijiroh Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Gnathiid Isopod ◽  
Eastern Japan

The pattern of habitat utilization byElaphognathia discolor, a gnathiid isopod inhabiting terebellid polychaete tubes, was examined in bimonthly samples taken between June 2003 and April 2004 from Shizugawa Bay, north-eastern Japan. Nine species of terebellid polychaetes were obtained, and gnathiids were found in tubes of four terebellid species. Of the terebellids,Nicolea gracilibranchiswas collected in each sample, while the other species were obtained only intermittently. Both larval and adultE. discolorinhabited the tubes ofN. gracilibranchisthroughout the year, with their prevalence in samples ranging from 57.1 to 80.0%. A large range of larval stages was found withinN. gracilibranchistubes, including the first larval stage and premature females, suggesting that this gnathiid species may useN. gracilibranchistubes for resting and moulting throughout the larval period. The distribution of adult gnathiids within tubes significantly differed from random. Adult males rarely coexisted with other males in tubes, while several larvae and females often lived together. Groups of female gnathiids in polychaete tubes were usually attended by a single male, resembling the ‘harems’ observed in other gnathiids and suggesting that the mating system ofE. discolorcan be classified as semelparous harem polygynandry.

scholarly journals The Use of Metadiscursive Markers in Letters of Recommendation: An Investigation of Gender Variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-250
Author(s):  
Hmoud S. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Male Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Letters Of Recommendation

This study aimed to investigate gender variations in letters of recommendation. It used the metadiscourse theory with respect to the following resources: hedges, boosters, attitude markers, engagement markers, and self-mentions. The findings showed that hedges devices were the least frequent in both groups, but at the same time were used more by males compared to female recommenders. Boosters, on the other hand, were highly frequent in both corpora and, like hedges, were employed more frequently in the male group. Interestingly, while both gender groups shared using specific hedging and boosting tokens, each gender group appeared to favor using certain devices. The attitude markers were the most frequent in the two samples and appeared more in the female group. Similarly, while both groups used specific attitude markers, each gender group seemed to use specific attitude markers. The engagement markers revealed the highest divergence between the two groups, as they appeared more frequently in female letters. Finally, both gender groups employed self-mentions equally, but female letters seemed to favor using the plural forms. The study closes with some pedagogical implications by highlighting how the theory of metadiscourse can be of importance for academics.

scholarly journals Pseudo-hermafroditismo masculino em um equino

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Verônica La Cruz Bueno ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Wayne Nogueira ◽  
Bianca Lemos Dos Santos ◽  
Ana Carolina Barreto Coelho ◽  
Douglas Pacheco Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Breed Horse

Background: Intersexuality is considered an alteration in the animal development that opposes the characteristics determined by the genetic sex, resulting in an individual with characteristic features of both sexes. The objective of this work is to report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism of a Criollo breed horse referred to the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil. We gather information on the intersexuality diagnostics highlighting cytogenetics as an additional tool to diagnosis.Case: A Criollo breed horse was attended at the HCV with the main complaint of morphological anomaly of the external genitalia. The animal presented female external features, characterized by mammal glands and female genitalia. The horse also showed a rudimentary penis-like structure, caudally oriented shrouded by a cutaneous crease similar to a vulva and presented male behavior. The external genitalia was examined but the vaginoscope could not be inserted since the crease ended in a sac, with no openings. Rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasound could not reveal the presence of female gonads. Urethral ultrasound revealed the pelvic urethra and the openings of the male accessory glands. The equine was subjected to hormonal challenge with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). First sample presented a testosterone concentration of 20 ng/dL; second sample, on the other hand, presented a testosterone concentration of 60 ng/dL after the stimulus. The Polimerase Chain Reaction technique revealed absence of gene SRY (sex determiningregion Y). The cytogenetic study was conducted with the lymphocytes obtained from peripherical venous blood. From this, we could verify that the patient was genetically male with karyotype 64 XY. Necropsy showed presence of prepuce and rudimentary penis at the anatomical site of the vulva without scrotum. In the pelvic cavity, a structure similar to a uterine body was observed, with the horns ending at the ovaries anatomical sites, where a structure similar to testicles was found with underdeveloped seminiferous tubules lacking production of spermatozoa and rudimentary epididymis with epididymal ducts coated with primitive stereocilia.Discussion: True hermaphroditism is defined by the presence of ovarian and testicular tissues in the same individual, as separate gonads or combined, as ovotestis. On the other hand, the pseudo-hermaphrodite is an individual with only one gonad, and external genitalia and secondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Urethral endoscopy allowed the visualization of the pelvic urethra and the male sexual glands openings. Following stimulation with hCG, testosterone level increased in 40 ng/dL, evidencing the presence of testicular tissue. Sexual differentiation is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome and by the expression of gene SRY. The animal studied here had karyotype 64 XY and lacked gene SRY, characterizing a condition where testicular differentiation occurred in the absence of gene SRY. It is possible to conclude that clinical evaluation, complementary exams and hormonal analysis allowed the identification of intersexuality. However, only molecular, cytogenetic and histological analyses allowed the definitive diagnosis of male pseudohermaphrodite.

scholarly journals Frequency-dependent variation in mimetic fidelity in an intraspecific mimicry system

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1721) ◽  
pp. 3116-3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Iserbyt ◽  
Jessica Bots ◽  
Stefan Van Dongen ◽  
Janice J. Ting ◽  
Hans Van Gossum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Mimic Model ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Male Phenotype ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Morph

Contemporary theory predicts that the degree of mimetic similarity of mimics towards their model should increase as the mimic/model ratio increases. Thus, when the mimic/model ratio is high, then the mimic has to resemble the model very closely to still gain protection from the signal receiver. To date, empirical evidence of this effect is limited to a single example where mimicry occurs between species. Here, for the first time, we test whether mimetic fidelity varies with mimic/model ratios in an intraspecific mimicry system, in which signal receivers are the same species as the mimics and models. To this end, we studied a polymorphic damselfly with a single male phenotype and two female morphs, in which one morph resembles the male phenotype while the other does not. Phenotypic similarity of males to both female morphs was quantified using morphometric data for multiple populations with varying mimic/model ratios repeated over a 3 year period. Our results demonstrate that male-like females were overall closer in size to males than the other female morph. Furthermore, the extent of morphological similarity between male-like females and males, measured as Mahalanobis distances, was frequency-dependent in the direction predicted. Hence, this study provides direct quantitative support for the prediction that the mimetic similarity of mimics to their models increases as the mimic/model ratio increases. We suggest that the phenomenon may be widespread in a range of mimicry systems.

The Temporal Pattern of Behaviour in Isolated Male Zebra Finches : Transition Analysis

Behaviour ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 248-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J.B. Slater ◽  
Janet C. Ollason
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Random Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
One Act ◽  
Arbitrary Component

AbstractA transition analysis has been carried out on the behaviour of single male zebra finches, isolated as far as possible from all varying environmental stimuli. As wide a variety of behaviour patterns as feasible was included and grouping of these was kept to a minimum. The dangers of grouping acts on functional rather than causal grounds are stressed. The method of analysis differs from most of those used previously in the following ways: 1. Data from different individuals are not massed for statistical treatment. This avoids a source of bias which makes it difficult to reach conclusions about the population as a whole. 2. Transitions between one act and itself are not considered. It is argued that models including such transitions have a strong arbitrary component and are predisposed to demonstrate merely that certain acts occur in bouts. A method is employed for calculating the expected frequencies of transitions which does not appear to have been used before in this field. It is based on a random model which excludes from consideration homogeneous transitions and any others which cannot occur because of environmental constraints. The analysis suggests that zebra finches show cycles of behaviour having active and inactive phases, with ingestion occurring mainly in the former and grooming in the latter. Song appears to be transitional between the two and to occur during periods when other tendencies are low, while stereotypes often follow such periods. Certain pairs of behaviours which occur frequently in sequence are discussed. In some cases one probably generates the peripheral state appropriate to the other and in others the pairing appears to have central causation. Triplet analysis on the massed data from all birds suggests that for most behaviours triplets of the form A-B-A are commoner than would be expected from the frequencies of the pairs A-B and B-A. It is suggested that factor analysis is not a very useful method for dealing with transition data. Detailed closer study of particular interactions, and of the temporal pattern of individual behaviours, are likely to prove more fruitful.

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