Relationship between energetic condition and indicators of immune function in thrushes during spring migration

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Owen ◽  
F. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Hylocichla Mustelina ◽  
Catharus Ustulatus ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Energetic Condition ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Immunoglobulin Gamma

Evidence suggests that the ability of an animal to maintain its immune system and (or) mount an immune response depends on its nutritional health and energetic condition. Migration is a period within an animal’s annual cycle when energetic condition varies, especially after a long, nonstop flight over a large ecological barrier. Our objective was to determine if measures of immune function in migrating Wood Thrush ( Hylocichla mustelina (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)), Swainson’s Thrush ( Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall, 1840)), Gray-cheeked Thrush ( Catharus minimus (Lafresnaye, 1848)), and Veery ( Catharus fuscescens (Stephens, 1817)) were related to the energetic condition of the birds at a stopover site during spring migration. We present data on total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and heterophil counts, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, serum immunoglobulin gamma G (IgG) concentration, and immune response to phytohemagglutinin. Thrushes arriving at the stopover site in poor energetic condition had low leukocyte and lymphocyte counts. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, heterophil count, and IgG concentration were not related to energetic condition. Furthermore, immune response to phytohemagglutinin was positively related to change in mass and days spent in captivity, suggesting that immune function may improve during stopover. We suggest that migrating thrushes arriving at a stopover site in poor energetic condition may also be in poor immunological condition and may have increased susceptibility to disease or parasite infection.

BREEDING DESTINATIONS AND SPRING MIGRATION PATTERNS OF SWAINSON'S THRUSH (CATHARUS USTULATUS) AT A COSTA RICAN STOPOVER SITE

The Auk ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT WILSON ◽  
KEITH A. HOBSON ◽  
DOUGLAS M. COLLISTER ◽  
AMY G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rican ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Catharus Ustulatus ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Swainson’S Thrush

Effect of Hypertonic Saline Infusion on Postoperative Cellular Immune Function

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens A. Kølsen-Petersen ◽  
Jens-Ole D. Nielsen ◽  
Else M. Tonnesen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background Previous studies found hypertonicity to affect immune responses in intact laboratory animals and in human blood cell cultures. In this study, the authors investigated the cellular immune response to surgery after preoperative infusion of hypertonic saline in humans. Methods Sixty-two women scheduled to undergo abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to single-blinded infusion of 4 ml/kg NaCl, 7.5%; 4 ml/kg NaCl, 0.9%; or 32 ml/kg NaCl, 0.9%, over 20 min. Blood was collected at baseline, during surgery, and 1, 24, and 48 h after surgery for the determination of leukocyte and differential counts, flow cytometric phenotyping of mononuclear cells, and natural killer cell activity against K 562 tumor cells. Phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation, plasma elastase, and neutrophil chemotaxis were measured at the same time points except during surgery. The authors tested cell-mediated immune function in vivo by delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the skin. Results Surgery induced well-known changes in the cellular immune response, which were unrelated to the tonicity or volume of the infused fluids. Conclusion Infusion of a clinically relevant dose of hypertonic saline did not seem to modify the postoperative cellular immune response after elective abdominal hysterectomy.

scholarly journals Patterns of Corticosterone Secretion in Migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers at a Major Spring Stopover Site

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Mizrahi ◽  
Rebecca L. Holberton ◽  
Sidney A. Gauthreaux, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Julian Date ◽  
Energetic Condition ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpipers

AbstractSeasonal changes in corticosterone metabolism may be in part responsible for mediating the changes in nutrient reserves before and during migration. To investigate the role of glucocorticoids in the migratory physiology of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), we compared plasma levels of corticosterone in response to capture and handling stress during prolonged stopovers in Delaware Bay during spring 1996 and 1997. Although Semipalmated Sandpipers showed significant stress responses to handling in both years, the magnitude of the response was significantly lower in 1997. We found no correlation between energetic condition and initial corticosterone concentration in either year, or between energetic condition and corticosterone concentration in samples collected 30 min after capture in 1996. However, energetic condition was positively correlated with corticosterone concentration in 30 min sample collected in 1997. Between-year differences in regression functions of energetic condition by Julian date suggested that birds were accumulating fat mass more rapidly, or arriving in better energetic condition during 1996 compared to 1997. Those differences were especially evident during the “early” stages (before 26 May) of stopover periods. In 1997, we found that birds sampled early in the season did not show a significant increase in corticosterone 30 min after capture, while birds sampled in early 1996 did. In both years, birds sampled during the “late” stages of stopover periods (after and including 26 May) showed significant stress response. Birds in relatively poor energetic condition, or with low rates of fat-mass gain, were less likely to secrete additional corticosterone in response to acute stress, possibly to protect skeletal muscle needed for migratory flight. Those results suggest that patterns of corticosterone secretion in sandpipers can be modified in response to changes in energy demand during the migratory period.

Assessment of the Immune Reconstitution by Cylex Immuknow™ Assay in Patients after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3219
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gesundheit ◽  
Yehudit Azar ◽  
Rachel Bringer ◽  
Schivti Steinberg-Prop ◽  
Moshe Israeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Atp Levels

Abstract After engraftment of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) patients are severely immuno-suppressed and are susceptible for recurrent opportunistic infections on one hand; on the other hand, particularly without immunosuppressive treatment over-activity of the graft can lead to uncontrolled acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD); optimal immunological activity of the graft is necessary to control the underlying malignant disease and to prevent relapse. Therefore, accurate immune monitoring is crucial for the assessment and appropriate management of the immune-compromised patients after allo-SCT. Since October 2005 up to 6 consecutive blood samples were collected from 51 patients undergoing allo-SCT in Hadassah Medical Center following engraftment. Immune function was analyzed by Cylex Immuknow™ assay, an FDA approved immune cell function test for the assessment of cell-mediated immunity. ATP activity from magnetically separated and lysed CD4 lymphocytes is measured by light intensity, thereby reflecting the current immune function of the patient. From other clinical applications of this test, the following stratification of the immune response was established according to the following levels of ATP activity: Low (0–225 ng/mL), moderate (225–525 ng/mL) and high activity (>525 ng/mL) of immune response. Our preliminary results from allo-SCT patients are in keeping with their clinical course and the known stratification of the ATP level:The gradual increase to moderate ATP levels over several months after allo-SCT are in keeping with normal immune reconstitution with an uneventful post transplant clinical course;high ATP levels were observed in patients prior to the clinical presentation of acute GVHD;low ATP levels were associated with recurrent infections and relapse. Remarkably, there was no correlation with the recovery of the white cell count after allo-SCT. Our results with consecutive tests are the first study of Cylex Immuknow™ assay in patients after allo-SCT and are in keeping with other currently known clinical applications of this assay for other indications. Our preliminary observations indicate a promising contribution of Cylex Immuknow™ assay as a simple and fast monitoring technique for patients undergoing allo-SCT, which might also predict clinical complications. Our future follow-up studies aim to confirm these preliminary results in order to gain confidence in the assay’s clinical contribution as a possible standard test for patients after allo-SCT.

Viruses, chemotherapy and immunity

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 105 (S1) ◽  
pp. S85-S92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Koziel ◽  
B. D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Hiv 1

An increasing number of antiviral agents are presently in various stages of development and testing, and an increasing number have recently been licensed for use in humans. These drugs have been used extensively to treat viral infections in immunocompromised individuals, and these studies indicate that for many antiviral agents the response to therapy is highly dependent on the integrity of the underlying host immune response. In particular, the response to zidovudine, acyclovir and ganciclovir in persons with HIV-1 infection is highly dependent upon CD4 number, which can be considered a surrogate marker for the state of host immune function in these subjects. Responses to interferons likewise can be shown to depend on the host immune response, with responses due to both direct antiviral effects of this agent as well as immunomodulatory effects mediated through interferon-induced upregulation of HLA molecule expression.

scholarly journals Harnessing the immune response to target tumors

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Manning ◽  
John Nemunaitis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anticancer Response

Development of “immune-based targeted therapy” in oncology has limited experience with signal pathway modulation. However, as we have become better versed in understanding immune function related to anticancer response, “hints” of specific targets associated with sensitivity and resistance have been identified with targeted immune therapy. This brief review summarizes the relationship of several targeted immune therapeutics and activity associated clinical responsiveness.

scholarly journals Tissue Distribution and Immunomodulation in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Following Dietary Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclors and Food Deprivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Shannon L. White ◽  
Devin A. DeMario ◽  
Luke R. Iwanowicz ◽  
Vicki S. Blazer ◽  
Tyler Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Total Pcbs ◽  
Whole Body

Although most countries banned manufacturing of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) over 40 years ago, PCBs remain a global concern for wildlife and human health due to high bioaccumulation and biopersistance. PCB uptake mechanisms have been well studied in many taxa; however, less is known about depuration rates and how post-exposure diet can influence PCB concentrations and immune response in fish and wildlife populations. In a controlled laboratory environment, we investigated the influence of subchronic dietary exposure to two PCB Aroclors and food deprivation on tissue-specific concentrations of total PCBs and PCB homologs and innate immune function in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Overall, we found that the concentration of total PCBs and PCB homologs measured in whole body, fillet, and liver tissues declined more slowly in food-deprived fish, with slowest depuration observed in the liver. Additionally, fish that were exposed to PCBs had lower plasma cortisol concentrations, reduced phagocytic oxidative burst activity, and lower cytotoxic activity, suggesting that PCBs can influence stress and immune responses. However, for most measures of immune function, the effects of food deprivation had a larger effect on immune response than did PCB exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that short-term dietary exposure to PCBs can increase toxicity of consumable fish tissues for several weeks, and that PCB mixtures modulate immune and stress responses via multiple pathways. These results may inform development of human consumption advisories and can help predict and understand the influence of PCBs on fish health.

scholarly journals Migrating birds rapidly increase constitutive immune function during stopover

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 192031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Eikenaar ◽  
Sven Hessler ◽  
Arne Hegemann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Fuel Accumulation ◽  
Migrating Birds

Migratory flight is physiologically highly demanding and has been shown to negatively affect multiple parameters of constitutive immune function (CIF), an animal's first line of physiological defence against infections. In between migratory flights, most birds make stopovers, periods during which they accumulate fuel for the next flight(s). Stopovers are also commonly thought of as periods of rest and recovery, but what this encompasses is largely undefined. Here, we show that during stopover, northern wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe, a long-distance migratory bird, can rapidly increase constitutive innate immune function. We caught and temporarily caged birds under ad libitum food conditions at a stopover site in autumn. Within 2 days, most birds significantly increased complement activity and their ability to kill microbes. Changes in immune function were not related to the birds' food intake or extent of fuel accumulation. Our study suggests that stopovers may not only be important to refuel but also to restore immune function. Additionally, the increase in CIF could help migrating birds to deal with novel pathogens they may encounter at stopover sites.

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