Factors affecting the relationship between seed removal and seed mortality

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Moore ◽  
R. K. Swihart
Keyword(s):  
Food Limitation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Mortality ◽  
Tree Squirrels ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Seed Fates

S.B. Vander Wall et al. (Ecology, 86: 801–806 (2005)) criticized seed dispersal studies that use seed removal as a proxy for seed predation, because secondary dispersal processes following removal are important to seed fates for many plants. We compared seed removal rates with direct estimates of seed mortality and another mortality index, based on a 3-year experiment that included five temperate deciduous tree species and four exclosure treatments designed to identify effects of different seed consumer groups. Patterns of seed removal rates generally did not match patterns of mortality. Removal and mortality rates were both highest in seed-poor years, indicative of response to food limitation, but annual food abundance interacted with seed type differently for removal rates than for mortality rates. The effect of exclosure type (access by different consumers) on removal rates was opposite its effect on mortality rates; seeds were removed fastest from exclosures that allowed access to tree squirrels (genus Sciurus L., 1758), but these seeds had the lowest mortality because Sciurus is an important seed disperser. We discuss types of studies in which seed removal may be a reasonable index of seed mortality, and we stress the importance of justifying assumptions concerning links between removal and predation.

scholarly journals Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species

AoB Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki L Rodgers ◽  
Nicholas G Smith ◽  
Susanne S Hoeppner ◽  
Jeffrey S Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Temperate Deciduous

A Study on Some Factors Affecting Mortality Rates in Sudanese Nubian Kids

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal El-Hassan El-Abid ◽  
A.M.A. Abu Nikhaila
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting

Searching for the ‘winner’ hip fracture patient: the effect of modifiable and non-modifiable factors on clinical outcomes following hip fracture surgery

2019 ◽  
pp. 112070001987881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos G Makridis ◽  
Leonidas S Badras ◽  
Stelios L Badras ◽  
Theofilos S Karachalios
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Modifiable Factor

Background: Various factors, other than the quality of surgery, may influence clinical outcomes of hip fracture patients. We aimed to evaluate the relative impact of several factors on functional outcome, quality of life, re-fracture and mortality rates following surgery for hip fractures. Methods: We studied 498 (62.2%) women and 302 (37.8%) men with a mean age of 81.3 years (range, 60–95) with hip fractures (femoral neck and pertrochanteric). The mean follow-up was 74 months (range 58–96). Various patient-related and surgery-related parameters were recorded and correlated to both objective and subjective mobility, functional recovery and quality of life scales. Mortality and re-fracture rates were also evaluated. Results: Using multiple regression analysis, age >80 years ( p = 0.000; 95% CI, 1.077–1.143) and ASA score III and IV ( p = 0.000; 95% CI, 2.088–3.396) (both non-modifiable factors) both proved to be independent (s.s.) factors affecting mortality rates. Age <80 years ( p = 0.000; 95% CI, 0.932–0.974), surgery delay less (modifiable factor) than 48 hours ( p = 0.046; 95% CI, 0.869–0.999), low dementia CDR index ( p = 0.005; 95% CI, 0.471–0.891) (non-modifiable factor), and osteoporosis medical treatment (modifiable factor) ( p = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.494–0.891) were shown to be independent (s.s.) factors affecting HOOS-symptoms. Osteoporosis medical treatment used proved to be an independent (s.s.) factor affecting HOOS-daily activities ( p = 0.049; 95% CI, 0.563–1.000) and quality of life (E-Qol-5D) ( p = 0.036; 95% CI, 0.737–1.325). Conclusions: A hip fracture patient aged <80 years old, with an ASA I-II, with low dementia CDR index and on osteoporosis medication has a better chance of an improved outcome (winner patient).

scholarly journals Seed Removal Rates in Forest Remnants Respond to Forest Loss at the Landscape Scale

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Alain Hambuckers ◽  
Franck Trolliet ◽  
Astrid Simon ◽  
Eliana Cazetta ◽  
Larissa Rocha-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Plant Animal Interactions

Seed removal is a key component of seed dispersal and may be influenced by both landscape-scale and local attributes, and it has been used as an indicator of the intensity of interactions between ecosystem components. We examined how the seed removal rates, which integrate the activity of seed dispersers and seed predators, vary with landscape-scale forest cover. We collected data under 34 trees belonging to two zoochoric species (Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. and Endl.) J. F. Macbr. and Inga vera Willd.) in 17 remnants in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, with different percentages of forest cover. The seed removal rate was estimated using a fast method based on the abundance of intact fruits and fruit scraps on the ground. The amount of forest cover affected the rate of seed removal in a humpbacked shape, with a maximum seed removal rate at intermediate forest cover. Seed removal rates must be related to the amount of food resources offered and diversity of dispersers and predators in the region. In landscapes with intermediate forest amount, there is a better balance between supply and demand for fruits, leading to a higher seed removal rate than more deforested or forested landscape. Our results also show that local factors, such as crop size and canopy surface, together with forest cover amount, are also important to the removal rate, depending on the species. In addition, our results showed that plant–animal interactions are occurring in all fragments, but the health status of these forests is similar to disturbed forests, even in sites immersed in forested landscapes.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Factors Affecting Artificial Seed Sowing Success and Seedling Survival in Pinus brutia Natural Stands in Middle Elevations of Central Cyprus

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Petros Petrou ◽  
Elias Milios
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Hemispherical Photographs ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Very High

The aim of this study was to analyze the germination of Pinus brutia Ten. seeds, in the field, in relation to factors such as period of sowing, light environment, and watering, in sites of different productivity in the middle elevations in central Cyprus. Two sowing experiments were conducted in three sites of different productivity. In the first experiment P. brutia seed sowing took place in February 2009 in two sowing environments which were gap and under canopy environments. The shade conditions in those environments were determined using hemispherical photographs. Also, the influence of watering on the seed germination was checked. In the second experiment, which was established in the same areas as in the first experiment, the seed sowing took place in December 2009. However, in this case, no watering was applied during the germination period. Moreover, the survival of the seedlings from both sowing periods were monitored up to the end of 2010. During the period of monitoring, the influence of watering was checked. The germination rates of seeds from the February sowing were very low. On the contrary, from the December sowing, the germination rates of seeds were very high in both sowing environments in all studied sites. In the case of seedling survival from the February and December sowing, mortality rates were relatively high in all sites except from the under-canopy sowing environment where watering was applied in the medium productivity site. From the December sowing, from a practical point of view, the number of survived seedlings, in all the plots of the three sites can be considered adequate for the successful regeneration of P. brutia.

scholarly journals Results of Surgery in General Surgical Patients Receiving Warfarin: Retrospective Analysis of 61 Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Belli ◽  
Huseyin Ozgur Aytac ◽  
Hakan Yabanoglu ◽  
Erdal Karagulle ◽  
Alper Parlakgumus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Therapy Protocol

The aim of this study is to investigate postoperative complications, mortality rates, and to determine the factors affecting mortality on the patients receiving warfarin therapy preoperatively, as well as comparing the results obtained from emergency and elective surgeries. Surgical outcomes of 61 patients on long-term oral anticoagulation with warfarin who underwent surgery in our center were retrospectively reviewed over an 8-year period. Thirty-three (54.1%) patients were female, with a mean age of 53 years. Mitral valve replacement (62.3%) was the most frequent indication for chronic anticoagulation therapy. Twelve out of 61 (19.2%) patients underwent emergency surgery; 59 (96.7%) operations were classified as major surgery. We did not observe any thromboembolic events on patients receiving our bridging therapy protocol. Cardiopulmonary dysfunction (CPD; 19.7%) and hemorrhage (16.4%) were the most encountered postoperative complications. Presence of CPD, bleeding, endocarditis, and mortality were statistically significant for emergency surgeries when compared with the results obtained from elective surgeries. There were 5 (8.2%) deaths observed during follow-up. It was found that advanced age, prolonged duration of operations, and presence of CPD had a statistically significant effect on mortality (P &lt; 0.05). The patients receiving oral anticoagulant had high postoperative complication and mortality rates. This case was more evident in emergency surgeries. It is recommendable that as mortality is more apparent in the patients who undergo emergency surgeries—being older, having long duration of operations as well as CPD. Therefore during the postoperative follow-up process, the patients should be closely monitored.

Seed Removal Rates Under Isolated Trees and Continuous Vegetation in Semiarid Thornscrub

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Jurado ◽  
Joel Flores ◽  
Anton G. Endress ◽  
Mercedes Flores ◽  
Eduardo Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Removal ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Isolated Trees

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Who Underwent Emergency Operation for Incarcerated Abdominal Wall Hernia

2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Gul ◽  
Ibrahim Aliosmanoglu ◽  
Murat Kapan ◽  
Akin Onder ◽  
Fatih Taskesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Abdominal Wall Hernia ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Care Units

Abstract Patients with incarcerated abdominal wall hernias (AWHs) are often encountered in emergency care units. Despite advances in anesthesia, antisepsis, antibiotic therapy, and fluid therapy, the morbidity and mortality rates for these patients remain high. Between 2006 and 2011, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 131 patients who underwent emergency surgery for incarcerated abdominal wall hernias. Of these, there were 70 women (53.4%) and 61 men (46.6%) with an average age of 63.3 ± 17.4 years (range, 17–91 years). Morbidity was observed in 28 patients (21.4%), and the mortality rate was 2.3%. Intestinal resection, presence of concomitant disease, and general anesthesia were the independent variants that affected morbidity of patients with incarcerated abdominal wall hernias.

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