Effects of flood suppression on natricine snake diet and prey overlap

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Hampton ◽  
Neil B. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Diet Overlap ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Nerodia Fasciata ◽  
Nerodia Erythrogaster ◽  
Prey Overlap ◽  
Prey Items

Organisms may become adapted to disturbances when these disturbances occur periodically and at intermediate intensity. To investigate the effects of flood suppression, this study compared diet and competition of semi-aquatic snakes during flood (2000–2001) and no flood (2003–2005) years. Three natricine species, Nerodia erythrogaster (Forster in Bossu, 1771), Nerodia fasciata (L., 1766), and Thamnophis proximus (Say in James, 1823), were palpated for prey items in an east Texas floodplain under both conditions. Prey items were classified as crayfish, salamanders, anurans, or fish. Simpson’s diversity index of prey, frequency of consumed prey type, and prey importance values were compared between flood and no flood years. Pianka’s index of niche overlap was used to compare changes in diet overlap between species in the years with floods and those without. In the absence of floods, the number of prey types consumed by N. erythrogaster and T. proximus decreased. The frequency of prey types consumed during flood years was significantly different from the period of flood suppression for all three species. The order of prey importance also changed in the absence of floods for all three snake species. Without floods, diet overlap decreased between N. erythrogaster and the other two species; however, overlap between N. fasciata and T. proximus doubled.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF OIL CONTENT IN SEDIMENT AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN BELAWAN WATERS OF MEDAN CITY, NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Doli Juna Setia Tanjung ◽  
Bintal Amin ◽  
Syafruddin Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Ocypode Quadrata ◽  
Evenness Index

This research was conducted in March 2019 to determine the oil content in sediment, it’s community structure of macrozoobenthos and it’s a relationship in Belawan Waters of Medan City, North Sumatera. Four sampling stations with five replications in each station were surveyed. The results showed that the average oil content in sediments exceeded the threshold had set by the National Academy of Science. Macrozoobenthos found consists of Ocypode quadrata, Scyla serrate, Rotun dicauda, Penaeus sp, Murex tribulus, and Nassarius olivaccus. The highest abundance was in Station 3 and the lowest was in Station 2. The diversity index in each station was generally very low. Dominance Index in Station 4 was medium, whilst the other stations were high. Evenness index showed in Station 3 and 4 were in high population, Station 1 was in medium population and Station 2 was in low population. Simple linear regression analyses between oil content in sediment with community structure of macrozoobenthos indicated negative correlation ( Y = 10,5-0,0001x , R2 = 0,0004 and r = 0,02 ) which indicated that the higher the oil content, the lower the macrozoobenthos abundance in sediment.

scholarly journals The History of Archaeological Investigations at The Jamestown Mound Site (41SM54), An Archaeological Conservancy Preserve in Smith County, Texas

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Circular Pattern ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clay Cap ◽  
Sabine River

The Jamestown Mound site (41SM54) is an Archaeological Conservancy (TAC) preserve in northern Smith Country, Texas in the northeastern part of the state. The Jamestown site is one of the largest Caddo mound centers in East Texas, with seven recorded mounds and an associated village area of unknown extent and internal complexity. It is also one of the four premier mound centers in the Sabine River basin, the other three being Hudnall-Pirtle (41RK4), a TAC preserve, Pine Tree Mounds (41HS15), also a TAC preserve as of 2006, and Boxed Springs (41UR30), and was obviously an important civic and ceremonial center for the prehistoric Caddo peoples that lived there and in surrounding communities. Unfortunately, at the present time very little is known about the archaeological record preserved at the Jamestown site, or the exact locations of several of the smaller mounds on the preserve. Here, I summarize the history of archaeological research at the Jamestown site. This article is intended to be a companion piece to the report to be submitted to the TAC on the results of on-going remote sensing activities at the Jamestown preserve. The Jamestown preserve covers approximately 18 acres of pasture divided into two tracts by a north-south running fence. It is a large prehistoric Caddo mound center, with multiple mounds, roughly arranged in a circular pattern, with an open area (or plaza) between the mounds. The largest mound (Md. A) (measuring ca. 43 m in diameter and 4 m in height, is situated in the southwestern side of the circle of mounds. Mounds B-E (15-20 m in diameter and 40 cm-1 m in height) are probably mounds built over houses with a clay floor and a clay cap. The exact locations of Mounds D and E within the TAC preserve are not currently known. Md. A is known to have two levels of burned structural remains in the upper mound fill.

scholarly journals Interactions between frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) and Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae) in a tropical dry forest remnant in Valle del Cauca, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Montoya-Bustamante ◽  
Vladimir Rojas-Díaz ◽  
Alba Marina Torres-González
Keyword(s):  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
The Village

Coexistence of species from a trophic guild depends on the division and use of resources. In any ecosystem, fruits are resources that vary in time and space as well as in nutritional content. Therefore, the organisms that depend on them as a food source tend to show a certain degree of specialization. Understanding the factors that influence the dynamics of seed dispersal is important for the regeneration and conservation of tropical ecosystems. Our aim was to determine variation in consumption of <em>Piper tuberculatum </em>(pipilongo) by the fruit bat assemblages in the village of Robles (Jamundí, Valle del Cauca, Colombia). Pipilongo is a resource used not only by wildlife but also by people in the village of Robles. Bats were captured in mist nets between June and November 2014, their feces were collected, and the length of the forearm, wing area, leg length and weight were recorded. At the Universidad del Valle seed laboratory, fecal samples were washed, and their content determined. Of the 14 species captured, <em>Sturnira lilium, Carollia brevicauda, Carollia perspicillata</em> and <em>Artibeus lituratus</em> showed signs of having consumed <em>P. tuberculatum.</em> <em>Sturnira lilium</em> was the main consumer of <em>P. tuberculatum </em>fruits, with the greatest number of consumption events of fruit from this plant species, whereas the other bats showed more diversified consumption events. The greatest niche overlap was recorded between <em>C. brevicauda</em> and <em>C. perspicillata</em>, species that showed similar sizes (i.e., wing area and forearm length) followed by <em>S. lilium</em> and <em>C. perspicillata. </em>In contrast, <em>A. lituratus</em> showed the least niche overlap with the other three fruit bats captured. In conclusion, <em>Sturnira lilium</em> showed an interaction <em>Sturnira-Piper</em>, which is the result of low <em>Solanum</em> availability, and this bat species was the largest consumer of pipilongo in the region.

Seasonal variation in the diet of a population of Hyla arborea from Romania

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cupsa ◽  
Tibor Hartel ◽  
Severus-Daniel Covaciu-Marcov ◽  
István Sas ◽  
Éva-Hajnalka Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Hyla Arborea ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract We examined the diet of Hyla arborea over its entire activity period (March to late September, 2004), and analysed a total of 585 adult samples. From the stomach contents we identified plant remains, shed-skin fragments, and animals. We identified a total of 2976 prey items, almost all of which originated from the terrestrial environment. Adult araneans and coleopterans were the most abundant prey items in the diet of the studied tree frogs. Some of the prey items become abundant in certain parts of the year (e.g. Homoptera, Lepidoptera larvae, Trichoptera). The dietary diversity index is high and exhibits seasonal changes. During the period of study an important seasonal change was observed in feeding intensity and in the type of consumed prey. Our results show that Hyla arborea has a broad dietary diversity which was expected as a consequence of exploiting the habitat both vertically and horizontally, possibly allowing access to a broader spectrum of prey.

scholarly journals SOUNDSCAPE DESIGN IN CITY PARKS: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOUNDSCAPE COMPOSITION PARAMETERS AND PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOACOUSTIC PARAMETERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang LIU ◽  
Jian KANG
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
City Parks

Soundscape design in city parks is important for a better visiting experience. The aim of this research is to find a more effective way to design soundscapes in city parks, by exploring the relationships between certain physical and psychoacoustic parameters and soundscape composition parameters as proposed in this study, including perceived loudness of individual sound (PLS), perceived occurrences of individual sound (POS), and soundscape diversity index(SDI). The parameters were based on soundscape information gathered with a specifically designed soundwalk method in five city parks in Xiamen, China. The results showed that the soundscape composition parameters play important roles as soundscape parameters. LCeq–LAeq, LA10–LA90 and sharpness showed more explanatory power to the soundscape composition parameters of individual sound categories than other physical and psychoacoustic parameters. PLS of human sounds was the most frequently introduced variable for nearly all the other objective parameters, followed by SDI. Some of the soundscape composition parameters were found to be mutually explainable, including PLS of human sounds with LA10, LCeq–LAeq and sharpness, respectively, POS of traffic sounds with LA10, and PLS of both mechanical and geophysical sounds with sharpness, which supply important information for soundscape design in city parks.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN JENIS HAMA KUTU PUTIH PADA TANAMAN SINGKONG DI KOTA ENDE

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Wilfridus Lena ◽  
Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Similarity Type ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
The Hamlet

This study aims to determine the type of white lice (Mealybug) pest associated with cassava plants (ManihotesculentaCrantz) in Ende Regency. The observation variables used included the identification of the hamlet species found in the field and calculating the level of diversity, abundance, dominance, similarity / similarity and intensity of pest attacks. The results showed that the diversity index for Nangapanda District was 1.052 (medium), abundance of 0.243 (low), and dominance index of 0.465 (moderate). Ende District diversity index 0.953 (low), abundance 0.348 (low), and dominance index 0.428 (moderate). Ende Selatan Subdistrict diversity index is 0.927 (low), abundance is 0.351 (low), and dominance index is 0.438 (moderate). In NdonaSubdistrict the diversity index is 0.683 (low), abundance is 0.358 (low), and dominance is 0.397 (moderate). For the similarity / similarity type index between Nangapanda sub-district and other sub-districts which is 85.71%. Similarity / similarity between Ende District and three other Sub-districts, namely 85.71%, 100% and 100%. The similarity between Ende Selatan District and the other three Sub-districts is 85.71%, 100% and 100%. The similarity between NdonaSubdistrict and the other three Subdistricts is 85.71%, 100% and 100%. While the intensity of pest damage in each Subdistrict was 47.7%, in Ende District 32.5%, South Ende 25% and Ndona District 38.33%.

scholarly journals COMPARACIÓN DE LA DIVERSIDAD FAUNÍSTICA (HERPETOFAUNA) EN CACAOTALES Y RASTROJOS, SIUNA 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Edwin Antonio Rodríguez Leiva ◽  
Yoicelin Nohemí Jiménez Romero ◽  
Efraín De Jesús Peralta Tercero ◽  
Oscar Montalván Castellón
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
High Diversity

La investigación ha permitido describir la diversidad faunística (herpetofauna) en cacaotales y rastrojos, Siuna- 2011, en 15 unidades productivas, distribuidas en 5 comunidades. Se caracterizaron plantaciones de cacao y rastrojos para determinar la diversidad de herpetofauna, mediante un estudio cuantitativo-observacional-comparativo. Los resultados muestran: las tipologías de cacao multiestratos con 5 representaciones, cacao simple con 8 y cacao con musáceas 2. En rastrojos de 1 a 5 años 11 representaciones, de 6 a 10 años 1 representación y de 11 a 15 años 3. Las especies de reptiles encontradas fueron: 197 individuos agrupados en 24 especies y 10 familias y 17 géneros en todas las tipologías de cacao. En rastrojos menores a 5 años se encontraron 12 especies y 30 individuos que representan el 51.72%. En cacao y rastrojos no hay diferencias entre hábitat para las especies de herpetofauna, debido a que las parcelas muestreadas se encontraban una contiguo a la otra. El índice de diversidad dio valores de mediana diversidad (2,368 – 2,236) en ambos sitios de alta diversidad tanto en cacaotales y rastrojos superiores a 0.66 para Simpson 1-D.SummaryThe research has described the faunal diversity (herpetofauna) in cacao plantations and stubble, in the municipality of Siuna, year 2011, in 15 productive units distributed in 5 communities. Cacao and stubble plantations were characterized in order to determine the diversity of herpetofauna, through a quantitative-observational-comparative study.The results showed different typologies: multilayer cacao: 5 representations; simple cacao: 8, and cacao with musaceas: 2. Related to stubble from 1-5 years there are 11 representations; from 6 to 10 years 1 representation and 11-15 years 3 representations. The reptile species found were: 197 individuals grouped into 24 species and 10 families, as well as 17 types of cacao.In stubbles under 5 years, 12 species and 30 individuals were found representing 51.72%. In cacao and stubbles there is no difference between habitats for herpetofauna species, due to the fact that the sampled plots were contiguous one with the other. The diversity index gave median values diversity (2.368 to 2.236) in both sites of high diversity, both in the cacao and stubbles above 0.66 for 1-D Simpson.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of testate amoebae (Amoebozoa, Rhizaria) in reservoirs, Northeastern Bulgaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Rositsa Davidova ◽  
Senay Sevginov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of the study is to describe the testate amoebae fauna in seven reservoirs in the Northeastern Bulgaria and to investigate the relationship of taxonomic diversity and abundance of these organisms to the some characteristics of the reservoirs. A total of 52 species, varieties and forms belonging to 15 genera were identified in the benthal of the coastal zone. There are significant differences in species richness and abundance between the testacea of different reservoirs. Number of taxa was significantly higher in the Beli Lom (29 species and 12 genera) and Loznitsa (22 species and 13 genera). Most of the reservoirs - Kara Michal, Bogdantsi, Isperih, Lipnik and Brestovene have extremely poor fauna compared to other similar reservoirs. This is confirmed by the low values of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, which varied between 1.04 and 2.396, as well as by the other indices used to assess the environmental conditions in the reservoirs. The data of the regression analysis showed that a relation between age, surface area and water volume of the reservoirs and the species richness and abundance of testacea is not established.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the diversity of Scolitids (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the forest plantations of the central zone of the Ecuadorian littoral

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Malena Martínez ◽  
Jessenia Castro ◽  
Ronald Villamar-Torres ◽  
Mercedes Carranza ◽  
Julio Muñoz-Rengifo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Wood Borer

The species of Scolytinae subfamily have a worldwide distribution, and are found mainly in the Neo-tropic regions. They usually dominate the communities of wood borer insects. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity among Scolytinae species associated with balsa, teak, rubber and gamhar plantations located in the humid tropical zone of the Ecuadorian littoral. In each plantation seven flight interception traps containing an ethanol / gel mixture were installed, with a collection frequency of 15 days for three months in the dry period. A total of 1437 specimens were collected, represented by Xyleborini, Cryphalini, Corthylini and Ipini tribes. In the four plantations, 18 species of Scolitids were collected, of which 16 were recorded in the balsa plantation, while in the other plantations 10 to 12 species were found. The most abundant Scolitids were Hypothenemus spp., Corthylus spp., Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborinus bicornatulus and Premnobium cavipennis. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in the balsa culture (H’= 2.37) and lower in Teak (H’= 1.57). The Jaccard similarity index was higher among the teak and rubber plantations (Cj = 0.9090) while the balsa plantation obtained less similarity with respect to the other three plantations. The greatest diversity of Scolitids was recorded in the balsa plantation, which is a native species, unlike the other forest species, which are exotic, indicating that the diversity would be influenced by the host tree and the location where they are found.

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