Patterns of differential migration in white-throated sparrows evaluated with isotopic measurements of feathers

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Mazerolle ◽  
Keith A. Hobson

We used stable isotope techniques to investigate differential migration in the white-throated sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)), a short-distance migrant in North America, to clarify hypotheses about patterns and consequences of migration tactics. Sparrows staging in Manitoba, Canada, exhibited sex-biased differential timing of spring arrival and latitude of wintering origin. Specifically, females arrived later and originated from more southern latitudes. Furthermore, there was a negative relationship between wintering latitude and arrival dates of individuals, although this relationship was only present during the second spring of the study, since atypical cold temperatures were associated with a pulse of late-arriving sparrows during the first spring. The negative correlation between wintering latitude and arrival date was also present within males, suggesting that the distribution of males on wintering areas could have carry-over effects to reproduction. This study demonstrates potential links between events occurring on wintering and breeding grounds of migratory songbirds.

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Mazerolle ◽  
Keith A. Hobson

Abstract Tracing movements of migratory birds between breeding and wintering areas is important for both theoretical and conservation purposes. Intrinsic markers such as stable isotopes have received considerable attention because of their usefulness for evaluating migratory connections without the need to mark and recapture individuals. Establishing migratory linkages using stable-isotope markers hinges on knowing which tissues most accurately reflect the isotopic signature of previous feeding locations of interest. Here, we assessed the correspondence among stable-hydrogen isotope (δD) values of feathers, claws, and cellular portions of blood from migrating White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) to determine if these measures provided concordant estimates of origins. δD values of claws from birds captured during spring and fall migration were positively correlated with δD values of head feathers grown on the wintering grounds and tail feathers grown on breeding grounds, respectively, indicating that claws contained information on origins of individuals. However, analyses contrasting δD measurements of base and tip of claws, and head and tail feathers suggest that a significant amount of claw growth occurred during migration resulting in biased estimates of breeding and wintering origins. Thus, for ground-foraging birds like White-throated Sparrows, we caution against using isotope measurements of claws as long-term position indicators. δD values of blood were correlated with the δD values from the base of claws, which represented the most recent claw growth, but were not correlated with the δD values of claw tips and head feathers. Thus, it appears that the δD values of blood cells are not useful for estimating wintering latitudes of White-throated Sparrows captured during spring migration. Estimación de los Orígenes de las Aves Canoras Migratorias de Corta Distancia en América del Norte: Inferencias Contrastantes a Partir de Medidas de Isótopos de Hidrógeno de las Plumas, Garras y Sangre Resumen. El seguimiento de los movimientos de las aves migratorias entre las áreas reproductivas y de invernada es importante tanto por motivos teóricos como de conservación. Los marcadores intrínsecos como los isótopos estables han recibido una atención considerable debido a su utilidad para evaluar conexiones migratorias sin la necesidad de marcar y recapturar individuos. El establecimiento de vínculos migratorios usando marcadores de isótopos estables depende del conocimiento de cuáles son los tejidos que mejor reflejan la señal isotópica de los sitios de alimentación previos de interés. En este trabajo, evaluamos la relación entre los valores de los isótopos estables de hidrógeno (δD) de las plumas, garras y porciones celulares de la sangre de individuos migratorios de Zonotrichia albicollis para determinar si estas medidas brindaban estimaciones concordantes sobre sus lugares de origen. Los valores de δD de las garras de aves capturadas durante las migraciones de primavera y otoño estuvieron correlacionados positivamente con los valores de δD de las plumas de la cabeza desarrolladas en los sitios de invernada y de las plumas de la cola desarrolladas en los sitios reproductivos, indicando que las garras contenían información sobre los orígenes invernales de los individuos. Sin embargo, los análisis que contrastaron las medidas de δD de la base y la punta de las garras, y de las plumas de la cabeza y de la cola sugieren que una cantidad significativa del crecimiento de las garras ocurrió durante la migración, generando estimaciones sesgadas de los sitios reproductivos y de invernada de origen. De este modo, para las aves que se alimentan en el suelo como Z. albicollis, sugerimos no usar medidas de isótopos de las garras como indicadores a largo plazo de la posición. Los valores de δD de la sangre estuvieron correlacionados con los valores de δD de la base de las garras, los que reflejaron el crecimiento reciente de las garras, pero no estuvieron correlacionados con los valores de δD de la punta de la garras y de las plumas de la cabeza. De este modo, parece que los valores de δD de las células sanguíneas no son útiles para estimar las latitudes de invernada de individuos de Z. albicollis capturados durante la migración de primavera.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
M. V. Banik

Abstract Protandry, or the arrival of males prior to females to the breeding grounds is a widespread phenomenon in migratory birds though rarely examined in related species in which its manifestation can vary. European Stonechat and Whinchat are such a pair studied with use of individual marking in North-Eastern Ukraine in 1993–2008. An apparent protandry was found in Whinchat but not in European Stonechat. The difference between the arrival dates of male and female Whinchats (6 days) was significant. The mean time span between territory establishment by a male and subsequent pair formation was 10.6 days. By contrast, 38% of the first records of European Stonechats in spring were those of already paired birds and the difference between arrival dates of both sexes was non-significant. The proximate cause of protandry in Whinchat and its’ absence in European Stonechat seems to be the differences (or the lack thereof) in the onset of spring migration. The time lapse between the start of migration of male and female Whinchats originates at African wintering grounds and is maintained en route. The absence of the protandry in European Stonechat is probably a relict behaviour from the residency. The protandry in migratory populations of this species is yet to be developed.


Ornis Svecica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Niclas Jonzén ◽  
Dario Piacentini ◽  
Arne Andersson ◽  
Alessandro Montemaggiori ◽  
Martin Stervander ◽  
...  

Some migratory birds have advanced their spring arrival to Northern Europe, possibly by increasing the speed of migration through Europe in response to increased temperature en route. In this paper we compare the phenology of spring arrival of seven trans-Saharan migrants along their migration route and test for patterns indicating that migration speed varied over the season using long-term data collected on the Italian island of Capri and at Ottenby Bird Observatory, Sweden. There was a linear relationship between median arrival dates on Capri and at Ottenby. The slope was not significantly different from one. On average, the seven species arrived 15 days later at Ottenby compared to Capri. There was a (non-significant) negative relationship between the species-specific arrival dates at Capri and the differences in median arrival dates between Capri and Ottenby, possibly indicating a tendency towards faster migration through Europe later in the season. To what extent different species are able to speed up their migration to benefit from the advancement of spring events is unknown.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Ross ◽  
Eli S. Bridge ◽  
Mark J. Rozmarynowycz ◽  
Verner P. Bingman

AbstractTwo general migration strategies prevail among temperate-breeding migratory songbirds of North America. Most “Eastern” birds migrate relatively directly from breeding to wintering grounds immediately after molting, whereas a substantial proportion of “Western” species depart breeding grounds early, and molt during extended migratory stopovers before reaching wintering areas. The Lark Sparrow is one of a few Western Neotropical migrants with a breeding range that extends into regions dominated by Eastern species. We sought to determine whether Eastern Lark Sparrows migrated in a manner consistent with Western conspecifics or follow typical Eastern songbird migratory patterns. To do so, we tracked individual Eastern Lark Sparrows equipped with geolocators between their breeding grounds in Ohio and their unknown wintering locations. Data from three Ohio Lark Sparrows revealed 1) individual variation in the duration and directness of autumn migrations, 2) autumn departures that consistently preceded molt, 3) wintering grounds in the central highlands of Mexico, and 4) brief and direct spring migrations. These observations suggest that eastern populations of prevailingly Western migrants, such as Lark Sparrows, may be behaviorally constrained to depart breeding grounds before molt, but may facultatively adjust migration en route.


2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A Hahn ◽  
Emily D Silverman

For migratory songbirds nesting in northern temperate forests, a short breeding season demands that males rapidly establish territories. Because critical insect and vegetation resources are unavailable during spring arrival, we suggest that conspecifics serve as settlement cues for males new to a local population. To test conspecific attraction, we conducted playback experiments with American redstarts Setophaga ruticilla . Experimental results demonstrate that song playbacks strongly attract conspecifics, recruiting an average of 4.2 additional males per plot; adult males new to our sites increased, while yearling males failed to respond. Yearlings arrived 6 to 10 days later than adults, raising the possibility that yearlings responded to songs of early arriving adults rather than to playbacks. Our work indicates that conspecific attraction is an important mechanism for breeding habitat selection in an established population of a migratory forest songbird, but the effect is moderated by age, reproductive experience and arrival timing.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER L. LAVERS ◽  
SIMEON LISOVSKI ◽  
ALEXANDER L. BOND

SummarySeabirds face diverse threats on their breeding islands and while at sea. Human activities have been linked to the decline of seabird populations, yet over-wintering areas typically receive little or no protection. Adult survival rates, a crucial parameter for population persistence in long-lived species, tend to be spatially or temporally restricted for many seabird species, limiting our understanding of factors driving population trends at some sites. We used bio-loggers to study the migration of Western Australian Flesh-footed Shearwaters Ardenna carneipes carneipes and estimated adult survival over five years. Western Australia is home to around 35% of the world’s breeding Flesh-footed Shearwaters, a population which was up-listed to Vulnerable in 2015. During the austral winter, shearwaters migrated across the central Indian Ocean to their non-breeding grounds off western Sri Lanka. Low site fidelity on breeding islands, mortality of adult birds at sea (e.g. fisheries bycatch), and low annual breeding frequency likely contributed to the low estimated annual adult survival (2011–2015: ϕ = 0.634-0.835).


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 20180679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Briedis ◽  
Silke Bauer

Understanding how breeding populations are spatially and temporarily associated with one another over the annual cycle has important implications for population dynamics. Migratory connectivity typically assumes that populations mix randomly; yet, in many species and populations, sex-, age- or other subgroups migrate separately, and/or spend the non-breeding period separated from each other—a phenomenon coined differential migration. These subgroups likely experience varying environmental conditions, which may carry-over to affect body condition, reproductive success and survival. We argue that environmental or habitat changes can have disproportional effects on a population's demographic rates under differential migration compared to random mixing. Depending on the relative contribution of each of these subgroups to population growth, environmental perturbations may be buffered (under-proportional) or amplified (over-proportional). Thus, differential migration may result in differential mortality and carry-over effects that can have concomitant consequences for dynamics and resilience of the populations. Recognizing the role of differential migration in migratory connectivity and its consequences on population dynamics can assist in developing conservation actions that are tailored to the most influential demographic group(s) and the times and places where they are at peril.


The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Sanpera ◽  
Xavier Ruiz ◽  
Rocío Moreno ◽  
Lluís Jover ◽  
Susan Waldron

Abstract To better understand migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding populations, we analyzed mercury (Hg) and stable isotope signatures of nitrogen (δ15N), carbon (δ13C), and sulfur (δ34S) in Audouin's Gulls (Larus audouinii) breeding in two different colonies, the Ebro Delta (northeastern Spain) and the Chafarinas Islands (southwestern Mediterranean). Although abundant information is available on the biology and trophic ecology of this gull's breeding populations, little is known about migration patterns, distribution in winter, or conditions faced during the nonbreeding period. Analyses were carried out on first primary feathers, grown during the summer while gulls are on the breeding grounds, and mantle feathers, grown during the winter. Different isotopic signatures (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) in summer (primary) feathers from each area agree with the observed differences in diet between the two colonies. In winter (mantle) feathers, isotopic signatures did not differ, consistent with a common wintering ground and common diet, although the lack of isotopic basemaps in marine systems precludes assignment to a geographical area of reference. Future research is needed to relate isotopic signatures and Hg values in mantle feathers to trophic ecology in wintering areas. Results for Hg indicate that the excretory role played by primary feathers precludes their use as indicators of trophic ecology.


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