Singing in the shade: song and song posts of northern cardinals near nesting Cooper’s hawks

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Duncan ◽  
Peter A. Bednekoff

Animals may compensate for increased predation risk by changing the behaviours that make them vulnerable. In this study, we compared the singing and perching behaviours of northern cardinals ( Cardinalis cardinalis L., 1758) living within 100 m of nesting Cooper’s hawks ( Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte, 1828)) with that of cardinals in similar control sites. Cardinals sang similar amounts at hawk nests and at control sites, but they sang from less exposed perches when near Cooper’s hawk nests. These results suggest that singing from an exposed perch is both more dangerous and more effective for northern cardinals.

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Driscoll ◽  
Robert N. Rosenfield

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinelle H. Sperry ◽  
Douglas G. Barron ◽  
Patrick J. Weatherhead

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
Joshua Hull ◽  
Holly Ernest ◽  
Joshua Hull ◽  
Angus Hull ◽  
William Reisen ◽  
...  

Abstract To assess the extent of West Nile virus (WNV) exposure of migrating (Marin Headlands) and wintering (Central Valley) hawks in California, plasma from 271 Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), 19 Red-shouldered Hawks (B. lineatus), and 30 Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) was tested for WNV antibodies during the winter of 2004–2005. WNV antibodies were found in 5% of migrating and 15% of wintering Red-tailed Hawks, 20% of migrating and 58% of wintering Red-shouldered Hawks, and 13% of migrating Cooper's Hawks. No individuals demonstrated visible signs of WNV illness. Red-tailed Hawks that tested positive for WNV antibodies displayed no difference from Red-tailed Hawks without WNV antibodies in weight to wing chord ratio or white blood cell counts. In the Central Valley, WNV antibodies were significantly more prevalent in Red-shouldered Hawks than in Red-tailed Hawks. Significantly more Red-tailed Hawks sampled on wintering grounds tested positive for WNV antibodies than Red-tailed Hawks sampled during migration.


2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Pinkerton ◽  
James F. X. Wellehan ◽  
April J. Johnson ◽  
April J. Childress ◽  
Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Taylor ◽  
R. William Mannan ◽  
Jana M. U’Ren ◽  
Nicholas P. Garber ◽  
Rachel E. Gallery ◽  
...  

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Meehan ◽  
Casey A. Lott ◽  
Zachary D. Sharp ◽  
Ruth B. Smith ◽  
Robert N. Rosenfield ◽  
...  

Abstract We constructed a regression model for the relationship between stable-hydrogen isotope ratios in immature Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) feathers (δDf) and precipitation in areas where feathers were grown (δDp) across much of the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the species' breeding range. We used our model to estimate δDp values from δDf values of immature Cooper's Hawks captured during migration in the Florida Keys. We compared these estimated δDp values to a published map of δDp values of North American precipitation to learn the latitudinal origins of migrants. We reviewed previous migration banding studies to estimate the longitudinal range of migrants. Our analysis suggested that most of the immature Cooper's Hawks migrating through the Keys originated in natal areas in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast regions of the continent. We found no difference in the passage date of northern and southern birds or in the latitudinal origins of males and females. This new information will aid in the interpretation of population trends generated from the ongoing migration count in the Keys.


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