Phylogenetic relationships within hump-winged grigs, Cyphoderris (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Haglidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kumala ◽  
D A McLennan ◽  
D R Brooks ◽  
A C Mason
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Almost All

The genus Cyphoderris, or hump-winged grigs, is represented by three species of cold-adapted, acoustic Ensifera with a geographic distribution that is generally restricted to the high-elevation coniferous forests of western North America. A phylogenetic analysis based on 29 morphological and 3 behavioural characters produced one tree, (C. buckelli (C. strepitans, C. monstrosa)) with a consistency index of 1.0. We discuss possible explanations for the observation that almost all of the autapomorphic change was concentrated in C. monstrosa.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-Continental Genetic Variation in the Generalist Conifer Wood Saprobic Fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Francesco Dovana ◽  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Conifer Wood

Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jülich is a well-known generalist conifer wood saprobe and a biocontrol fungus used in several world countries to prevent stump infection by tree pathogenic Heterobasidion fungal species. Previous studies have reported the presence of regional and continental genetic differentiation in host-specific fungi, but the presence of such differentiation for generalist wood saprobes such as P. gigantea has not been often studied or demonstrated. Additionally, little information exists on the distribution of this fungus in western North America. The main purposes of this study were: (I) to assess the presence of P. gigantea in California, (II) to explore the genetic variability of P. gigantea at the intra and inter-continental levels and (III) to analyze the phylogeographic relationships between American and European populations. Seven loci (nrITS, ML5–ML6, ATP6, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α) from 26 isolates of P. gigantea from coniferous forests in diverse geographic distribution and from different hosts were analyzed in this study together with 45 GenBank sequences. One hundred seventy-four new sequences were generated using either universal or specific primers designed in this study. The mitochondrial ML5–ML6 DNA and ATP6 regions were highly conserved and did not show differences between any of the isolates. Conversely, DNA sequences from the ITS, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α loci were variable among samples. Maximum likelihood analysis of GPD and TEF1-α strongly supported the presences of two different subgroups within the species but without congruence or geographic partition, suggesting the presence of retained ancestral polymorphisms. RPB1 and RPB2 sequences separated European isolates from American ones, while the GPD locus separated western North American samples from eastern North American ones. This study reports the presence of P. gigantea in California for the first time using DNA-based confirmation and identifies two older genetically distinct subspecific groups, as well as three genetically differentiated lineages within the species: one from Europe, one from eastern North America and one from California, with the latter presumably including individuals from the rest of western North America. The genetic differentiation identified here among P. gigantea individuals from coniferous forests from different world regions indicates that European isolates of this fungus should not be used in North America (or vice versa), and, likewise, commercially available eastern North American P. gigantea isolates should not be used in western North America forests. The reported lack of host specificity of P. gigantea was documented by the field survey and further reinforces the need to only use local isolates of this biocontrol fungus, given that genetically distinct exotic genotypes of a broad generalist microbe may easily spread and permanently alter the microbial biodiversity of native forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Callus Culture of Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Englem. and Explant Response to Varying Auxin and Cytokinin Concentrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyssa L. Martin ◽  
Cynthia Ross Friedman ◽  
Ronald G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Infected Area

The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium americanum is a severe pest in coniferous forests of western North America.  To facilitate laboratory studies of this obligate parasite, a modified White’s medium was used for in vitro culture; the concentrations of IAA and Kn were varied to determine optimal IAA/Kn ratios.  It was found that explant health was related to the concentration of IAA (p = 0.008), but not Kn (p = 0.937), and that explants were healthiest at an IAA/Kn ratio of 0.1.  Radicular apices were generated at IAA/Kn ratios of 1.0 or greater, but no shoot organogenesis was observed.  These data suggest that A. americanum is more sensitive to auxins than cytokinins.  Parasites of plants are known to secrete high levels of cytokinins, which stimulate the host to shuttle nutrients to the infected area, and so we suspect that A. americanum has reduced cytokinin sensitivity.   Key words: Callus culture, Arceuthobium americanum, Explant, Response, Cytokinin, Insensitivity   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9557   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 1-10, 2011 (June)

scholarly journals A 5200-year record of freshwater availability for regions in western North America fed by high-elevation runoff

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent B. Wolfe ◽  
Thomas W. D. Edwards ◽  
Roland I. Hall ◽  
John W. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Freshwater Availability

A New Zygethopolys from Kentucky and a Key to the Members of the Genus. (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae: Ethopolyinae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Crabill
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Established Species

Almost all of the members of the subfamily Ethopolyinae occur in western North America, a few Pacific islands, the Orient and Europe, but only one established species had been known from North America east of the Rocky Mountains. This widespread and very common form, Bothropolys multidentatus (Newport), ranges throughout the East as far west as Missouri. The present new species is therefore of special interest in that it is the second endemic member of the subfamily to he recorded from east of the Rockies. The only other members of Zygethopolys, a genus closely allied to Bothropolys, are known only from Alaska, British Columbia, and thk state of Washington.

REVISION OF THE CADDISFLY FAMILY UENOIDAE (TRICHOPTERA)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Wiggins ◽  
John S. Weaver ◽  
John D. Unzicker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The Family ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractThe western Nearctic genera Neothremma and Farula are assigned to the family Uenoidae, previously comprising only the type genus Uenoa from Asia; a new genus Sericostriata with S. surdickae n. sp. from western North America is also added to the family. Traditionally assigned to the Limnephilidae where they have been always anomalous, Neothremma and Farula are shown to share many synapomorphic larval characters with Uenoa; under close examination, characters of the adults support this relationship. Familial and generic diagnoses are provided, reflecting the revised composition of the Uenoidae. Generic keys to adults, larvae, and pupae are given; species are briefly reviewed and keys given to adults; Uenoa arcuata n. sp. is described from Assam, Uenoa janetscheki Botosaneanu is placed as a junior subjective synonym under U. hiberna Kimmins, and Neothremma laloukesi Schmid as a junior subjective synonym of N. alicia Dodds and Hisaw. Phylogenetic relationships among the genera are considered. This study is an instructive example of the importance of larvae in providing data for the systematics of Trichoptera.

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