Life-history patterns in female wild boars (Sus scrofa): mother–daughter postweaning associations

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kaminski ◽  
S Brandt ◽  
E Baubet ◽  
C Baudoin
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Life History Patterns

Mother–daughter postweaning associations in wild boars (Sus scrofa L., 1758) were investigated using 12 years' data from a wild population in Champagne, France. In the wild boar, a polygynous ungulate species, females (i) can reproduce as soon as they are yearlings and (ii) generally have large litters, in contrast to many other ungulate species. It is generally thought that their social organization is centered around groups of adult females and their offspring, but genealogical relationships in female groups have never been studied. Hence this species is suitable for testing the hypothesis of a matrilineal social organization. We studied the occurrence and strength of mother–daughter associations before and after the first potential breeding of yearling females, using a total of 85 individuals. Seasonal fluctuations in associations were observed, but after weaning, daughters generally remained with the mother. When leaving their natal group, yearling females formed new kin groups with sisters. Two important factors involved in the postweaning associations were adult and yearling reproductive participation and maternal age. The present study constitutes the first clear demonstration that family groups, with overlapping generations of females, represent the typical social organization in a forest wild boar population.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Hunting Methods and the Sex, Age and Body Mass of Wild Boar Sus scrofa

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Robert Kamieniarz ◽  
Łukasz Jankowiak ◽  
Martyna Fratczak ◽  
Marek Panek ◽  
Janusz Wojtczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Increases in the wild boar Sus scrofa population create many conflicts that must be managed, especially because hunting represents a major cause of mortality in this game species. However, hunting effort is not distributed randomly and is influenced by many factors, including hunting methods. This can be especially important in understanding the nature of hunting pressure for both theoretical (ecological and evolutionary) and applied reasons (for management purposes, especially during infectious diseases, for example, African swine fever, outbreaks). We analyzed hunting data from the survey area in Western Poland from the years 1965–2016. In this period a total of 2335 wild boar were culled using two hunting methods: by individual hunters (43.8%) and by teams of hunters (52.0%). During the study period, the number of wild boars increased significantly but in a non-linear manner. More adult males and yearlings of both sexes were shot during individual hunts; more adult females were culled during team hunting. Moreover, the body mass of culled wild boars was positively influenced by the distance to a forest and during the team hunts heavier females and males were shot. To effectively control populations of wild boars, programs to reduce the number of individuals should be better planned and ensure the maintenance of proper age- and sex structure in the wild boar population.

Use of space by juveniles in relation to their postnatal range, mother, and siblings: an example in the wild boar Sus scrofa L.

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1691-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Cousse ◽  
François Spitz ◽  
Mark Hewison ◽  
Georges Janeau
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Eight juvenile (3–8 months) wild boars belonging to two separate litters, and the mother of each litter, were radiolocated daily. The position of an individual juvenile at the time of each location was classified according to its association with its postnatal range, its mother, and its siblings. Preliminary analysis showed that location relative to the postnatal range was independent of association with the mother and siblings, while association with the mother was positively correlated. Although a degree of attachment to their postnatal range persisted in juveniles, surrounding areas were used preferentially. Juveniles were equally likely to be located in the presence of their mother as without her, but they generally separated from their mother during exploratory phases outside the postnatal range. Individual differences in exploratory behaviour occurred between juveniles from the same litter.

scholarly journals Seroprevalance of Trichinella spp. in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Bihor county, western Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Z. Boros ◽  
I. Vallée ◽  
L. C. Panait ◽  
C. M. Gherman ◽  
A. Chevillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Western Romania

SummaryThe wild boar (Sus scrofa) has a wide geographical distribution and can be an important source of Trichinella spp. infection in humans in Romania.The objective of this study was to identify the presence of Trichinella spp. in the wild boar population in Bihor County, Romania.Eighty four plasma and diaphragm samples, collected from wild boars, were included in this study. Artificial digestion, ELISA and Western blot were performed on these specimens. All diaphragm samples were negative for Trichinella larvae in artificial digestion, while in ELISA, 54 (64.2 %) plasma samples were positive and 6 (7.1 %) plasma samples were doubtful. Western blot was performed on 26 plasma samples from which only 6 (23.0 %) gave a positive result.Serological evidences indicate the presence of Trichinella spp. in wild boars from western Romania. Therefore, human consumers might be at risk to ingest Trichinella larvae, even in low numbers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Isabella Martini ◽  
Laura Migone ◽  
Lucia Decastelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

The effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Martyna Batorska ◽  
Justyna Więcek ◽  
Małgorzata Kunowska-Slósarz ◽  
Kamila Puppel ◽  
Jan Slósarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
European Wild Boar

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat. The research was carried out on 50 wild boars shot during four battues at hunting reserves in the central part of Poland. The carcasses were divided into three groups: ≤30 kg (G1), 31–45 kg (G2), and >45 kg (G3). The protein concentration increased with carcass weight (P ≤ 0.01). The concentration of saturated fatty acids was influenced by carcass weight and was higher when weight increased. A significantly higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was found in the carcasses of wild boars from G3 compared with G1 group (P ≤ 0.01). The content of C18:2n-6 was significantly lower in the lightest carcasses compared with the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05). Statistical analysis confirmed that carcasses weight significantly affected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 content. The lightest carcasses contained a significantly higher concentration of PUFA n-3 (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, in G3, the amount of C22:5n-3 was two-fold lower (P ≤ 0.01) than in G1. The research has shown that the meat quality was affected by the carcass weight, resulting better parameters in the lighter than in the heavier carcasses. Therefore, most of the culled wild boars should be squeakers and young boars after the first year of life.

scholarly journals Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a possible vector of mycobacterial infections: review of literature and critical analysis of data from Central Europe between 1983 to 2001

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Machackova ◽  
L. Matlová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
J. Smolík ◽  
IMelicharek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
In The Wild

Infected animals in the wild, which can act as a reservoir and/or vector for the origin of bovine tuberculosis, are a great problem for national programmes seeking to free herds of cattle from the infection. The circulation of Mycobacterium bovis in the wild animal population might cause a slow-down in the progress of control programmes through the reinfection of herds of livestock. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) living in the wild in Great Britain and Ireland, brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), ferrets (Mustela putorius f. furo) in New Zealand and wild buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Australia are among already known reservoirs and vectors of bovine tuberculosis. In 7 countries of Central Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) bovine tuberculosis in ca􀄴le was controlled as part of national control programmes more than 20 years ago. In the last decade M. bovis has been diagnosed extremely sporadically in cattle and other domestic animals as well as in wild animals held in captivity or living in the wild. This favour­able situation could be threatened by the mycobacteria spreading via the wild boar (Sus scrofa) which is susceptible to mycobacterial infection and very abundant in Central Europe. According to available literary data, mycobacteria were detected in 361 wild boar originating from countries other than those of Central Europe, such as Australia, Bulgaria, Germany, the Hawaiian island of Molokai, Italy and Spain. M. tuberculosis complex (33.9%) and M. bovis complex (39.8%) isolates were most frequently detected in the faeces and/or parenchymatous organs of wild boar. Of other mycobacterial species, M. intracellulare (3.8%), M. avium subsp. avium (3.8%), M. terrae (2.4%), M. fortuitum (2.2%), M. scrofulaceum (2.2%), M. gordonae (0.8%), M. simiae (0.5%), M. szulgai (0.5%), M. xenopi (0.5%), M. smegmatis (0.2%), M. vaccae (0.2%), fast-growing, further unspecified species (0.2%) and unidentified mycobacteria (8.8%) were isolated. Following the analysis of literary data and our own results, it was found that, in the area covered by the above-mentioned 7 countries of Central Europe, a total of 431 wild boar were examined for mycobacterial infections in the years 1983–2001. Tuberculous lesions in parenchymatous organs were found in 43 (10.0%) animals. M. bovis was identified in 22 (5.1%) animals, M. a. avium in 2 (0.4%), M. a. paratuberculosis in 1 (0.2%) animal and atypical mycobacteria in 27 (6.3%) animals. The wild boar may therefore represent, under certain unfavourable epizootio­logical conditions, a vector of some mycobacterial infections in not only animals, but also humans.

scholarly journals Very highly prevalent Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection of wild boar Sus scrofa in Khuzestan province, south-western Iran

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mowlavi ◽  
J. Massoud ◽  
I. Mobedi ◽  
S. Solaymani-Mohammadi ◽  
M. Gharagozlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Macracanthorhynchus Hirudinaceus

AbstractAn epidemiological and pathological study of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection in a total of 50 wild boars Sus scrofa attila from cane sugar fields of Iranian Khuzestan was performed. The total prevalence of 64.0 % detected is the highest hitherto known by this acanthocephalan species in wild boars and may reflect a very high contamination of the farm lands studied as the consequence of the crowding of the wild boar population in cane sugar fields. Observations prove that this species is a wild boar gut wall perforating acanthocephalan. High burdens may become so pathogenic for the host individual as to be responsible for its elimination from the population. Thus, this acanthocephalan may play a role in the control of the S. scrofa population inhabiting cane sugar fields, only lowly infected boars being able to survive. In this way, M. hirudinaceus may be useful, as the wild boar is a serious pest of field corps and, moreover, causes a variety of damage to cane sugar fields because of using them for shelter and nesting areas. Such high prevalence in wild boars and presumably high contamination of cane sugar fields represent a human infection risk for farmers, as well as for concrete ethnic group minorities in Iran. The numerous M. hirudinaceus human infection cases reported so far, mainly in Asian countries, support such a risk situation.

9. Monitoring zoonotic diseases in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) population of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Northern Italy)

2014 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Gianluca Rugna ◽  
Paolo Bonilauri ◽  
Chiara Garbarino ◽  
Elio Licata ◽  
Marco Tamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
In The Wild

Ovarian hemangioma in the wild boar(Sus scrofa). A case report

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Z. šimec ◽  
Ž. Grabarević ◽  
Branka Artuković ◽  
Z. Janicki ◽  
S. Seiwerth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
In The Wild

The genetic impact of demographic decline and reintroduction in the wild boar (Sus scrofa): A microsatellite analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vernesi ◽  
B. Crestanello ◽  
E. Pecchioli ◽  
D. Tartari ◽  
D. Caramelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Genetic Impact ◽  
In The Wild
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