Daytime activity budgets of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum: influence of season, age, and sex

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbin Shi ◽  
R I.M Dunbar ◽  
David Buckland ◽  
David Miller
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The activity budgets of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland, were studied from January to December in 1981 and from May to November in 2000. We investigated differences in activity patterns in relation to season, time of day, and age–sex classes of goats, and their possible causes. Since the goats spent the night sleeping (or resting) in caves or other sheltered sites, only diurnal activity budgets were considered. Activity patterns were very similar between the two study periods (from May to November). All age–sex classes of feral goats spent most of the daytime feeding in both years, especially during autumn and winter. Feral goats increased the percentage of daytime that they spent feeding and decreased their resting time from summer to autumn–winter in response to the decrease in available day length and, possibly, the decrease in forage quality and biomass. Feral goats on Rum had two or three daily peaks of feeding in summer, but showed no obvious daily feeding peaks in winter, although their percentage of feeding time remained relatively high throughout the daytime in winter. No significant differences in general activity budgets between adult males and females were found, but yearlings were found to spend more time feeding than adults and kids. Adult males spent more time in social activities than did other age–sex classes, and adult males sharply decreased the percentage of daytime that they spent feeding during rutting periods, which may have contributed to their higher mortality over the subsequent autumn and winter.

scholarly journals Rut-induced changes in the activity budgets of male tropical ungulates: Eld’s deer on Hainan Island

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Ding ◽  
Zhitao Liu ◽  
Yanling Song ◽  
Zhigao Zeng ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Cervus Eldi Hainanus

Abstract Aspects of time budgets, activity patterns and rut-related changes in behavior are well documented in temperate ungulates; however, the application of this understanding to tropical and sub-tropical ungulate species has attracted less attention and remains an area that may re-shape our knowledge of ungulate behavior. Eld’s deer Cervus eldi hainanus has a tropical and sub-tropical distribution on Hainan Island, China, and males have an extended rut exceeding five months during which they do not maintain harems or defend resources. We studied males from the only remaining population on Hainan Island, and describe rut-related changes in behavior by collecting data on time budgets and activity patterns. We show that male Eld’s deer do not follow a strict crepuscular activity pattern, do not spend the majority of their time foraging and do not increase foraging nor display rut-induced hypophagia during rut, in obvious contrast to temperate ungulates. These results are discussed in light of current hypotheses explaining the proximate mechanisms governing feeding time in ungulates, while appreciating the need for further research.

scholarly journals Activity budget of Rhinopithecus bieti at Tibet: Effects of day length, temperature and food availability

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuofu Xiang ◽  
Sheng Huo ◽  
Wen Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Rhinopithecus Bieti ◽  
Resting Time ◽  
Positive Functions ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Foraging Time

Abstract How animals allocate their time to various activities has significant consequences for their survival because they reflect the different constraints on time-energy balances. Many ecological variables, such as day length, temperature, food availability, are supposed to effect on activity budgets allocation of temperate primates. To examine the potential influence of these three variables, the activity budgets of Rhinopithecus bieti was studied at Xiaochangdu, Tibet from June 2003 to March 2005. Pearson correlations were utilized to assess potential relationships between activity budget and day length, food availability and temperature, and stepwise multiple regressions to identify the priority of resting and other activities (activities besides feeding, moving and resting). Time spent resting and doing "other activities" is positively related to day length, temperature and food availability. No significant correlations were found between feeding/moving time and any of these variables. This suggests that foraging time (feeding + moving) takes priority over rest and other activities. Day length and foraging time (as independent variables) were related to the time spent in the other two activities besides feeding/moving (as dependent variables). Both time spent resting and in "other activities" were highly significant positive functions of day length, with the latter a highly significant negative function of feeding time and moving time. Resting time may therefore be interpreted as taking priority over "other activities" time. These results provide further evidence of the importance of day length, temperature and food availability to seasonal activity budgets .

Seasonal patterns of activity and body mass in the plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (family Chinchillidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn C. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Costs Of Reproduction ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Lagostomus Maximus

Activity patterns of adult male, adult female, and immature plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) were compared throughout the year, and seasonal changes in body mass were documented for adults. All sex–age classes spent more time feeding in winter and less time at the den site (vizcachera) than in other seasons. The pattern was reversed for summer. Seasonal changes in activity budgets for males were associated with an increase in male–male conflicts and territorial displays at the vizcachera. Body mass of males declined in summer, when they were competing for access to areas used by females, and reached a minimum during the fall breeding season. Females spent less time foraging and more time at the den site after parturition in spring. Body mass of females did not change significantly with season. Throughout the year, activity patterns were similar for females and immatures. During all seasons, adult males spent less time foraging and more time at the vizcachera than other sex–age classes did. From a variety of observations, I suggest that the costs of reproduction, including mass loss, shorter feeding time, and short tenure in a social group, are high for male vizcachas.

Activity patterns of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes) from the central Balkans

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic ◽  
Rastko Ajtic ◽  
Ljiljana Tomovic
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Yugoslav Republic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
Vipera Ammodytes

Abstract Activity patterns of the sand viper, Vipera ammodytes from the central Balkans (Serbia, Montenegro and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) were analysed. The total sample (n = 118) was divided into adult males and females, and depending on the part of the day, habitat type, exposition, and behaviour in two separate seasons (spring and summer). Simple correspondence analysis showed that in spring, males and females were associated with different expositions, while in summer, they displayed different behaviours. Multivariate correspondence analysis showed that in spring males were found more often while basking during the midday in the open forests at south-western exposition. In summer, females were found more often while basking or hiding in the morning in rocky terrains at eastern and southern expositions. The results point out that seasonal variation and intergender differences in behaviour and microhabitat use may occur in sand vipers, as was previously observed in other viper species.

scholarly journals Diurnal activity patterns suggest nocturnal foraging in Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) / Dagligt virksemi hjá havhesti (Fulmarus glacialis) bendir á, at hann leitar sær føði um náttina

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jóhannis Danielsen
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Northern Fulmar ◽  
Fulmarus Glacialis ◽  
Nocturnal Foraging ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Night And Day

<p><strong>Úrtak</strong></p><p>Eygleiðingar við myndatólum av í alt 12 havhestareiðrum í Føroyum árini 2006 (sjey reiður) og 2007 (fimm reiður) vístu, at greiður samanhangur var millum, nær havhesturin kom til og fór av reiðrinum, og daglongd, sólarris og sólsetur. Við tveimum undantøkum vórðu øll skiftini á reiðrinum gjørd millum kl. 7 um morgunin og kl. 19 um kvøldið. Ungarnir  vórðu  sum  oftast  mataðir  millum  kl. 9 um morgunin og kl. 18 um kvøldið. Hesar eygleiðingar saman við úrslitunum frá eini føðikanning, ið vísti týdningin av prikkafiski sum føði, geva góða ábending um, at havhesturin leitar sær føði um náttina.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong></p><p>The continued camera observations of nest­site attendance at a total of 12 nests in 2006 (7 nests) and 2007 (5 nests) showed a strong correlation between nest­site attendance and sunrise, day patterns. Optical devices for night observations have been available for a long time but have rarely been used to study nest­site attendance by this species.</p><p>     I studied the daily nest­site attendance, chick feeding schedule and incubation rhythm of the Northern Fulmar at a small colony on the Faroe Islands throughout night and day for two years using surveillance cameras with infrared LEDs. The attendance patterns were analysed to see if they correlated to sunrise, sunset and day length and analysed in relation to time of day for incubation shifts, and feeding of the chicks. Since a previous study showed that the diurnally migrating Glacier lantern fish (<em>Benthosema glaciale</em>) was an important part of the diet of the Northern Fulmars on the Faroe Islands (Danielsen <em>et al., </em>2010), I postulate that the birds would be away from the colony at night, in order to forage out at sea.</p>     Furthermore underlining the importance of doing observations during both day and night is the fact that although birds might show signs of breeding by staying faithfully at the nest and apparently incubate during day­time, this is not necessarily true when also adding observations during the night. This can easily lead to biased estimates regarding how many of the birds in the colony are actually producing eggs. This information is important for e.g. estimating breeding colony size (Mallory and Forbes, 2007).

Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
N. A. Petrenko ◽  
V. Yu. Reminnyi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Among Frail Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
Brianne Olivieri-Mui ◽  
Sandra Shi ◽  
Ellen McCarthy ◽  
Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Frailty may differentially impact how older adult males and females perceive sexual functioning, an important part of well-being. We assessed the level of frailty (robust, pre-frail, frail) for anyone with data on 11 sexual functioning questions asked in wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, 2010-2011 (n=2060). Questions covered five domains: overall sexual function (OSF), sexual function anxiety (SFA), changes in sexual function (CSF), erectile/vaginal dysfunction (EVD), and masturbation. Logistic regression identified sex differences in frailty and reporting worse sexual functioning. Linear regression predicted the number of domains reported as worse. Among males (n=1057), pre-frailty meant higher odds of reporting SFA (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2-6.6), CSF (OR 1.7 95%CI 1.1-2.7), and EVD (OR 1.5 95%CI 1.0-2.2). Among females (n=1003), there was no difference in reporting by frailty. Females were more likely to report worse OSF (Robust: OR 7.4, 95%CI 4.8-11.4; Pre-frail: OR 6.2, 95%CI 3.9-9.9; Frail: OR 3.4 95%CI 1.7-6.6), but less likely to report SFA (Robust OR .3, 95%CI .2-.5; Pre-frail OR .2, 95%CI .1-.3; Frail OR .2 95%CI .1-.3). Pre-frail and frail females reported fewer domains as worse (Pre-frail coefficient -0.21 SE 0.09, Frail -0.43 SE 0.14). As frailty worsened, males reported more domains as worse (Pre-frail 0.24 SE 0.07, Frail 0.29 SE 0.08). Self-reported sexual functioning differs by sex at all levels of frailty, and reporting by males, but not females, changes with frailty. Providers should be aware that sexual functioning is of importance to both sexes despite varying degrees of frailty.

scholarly journals Multispecies Transcriptomics Data Set of Brugia malayi, Its Wolbachia Endosymbiont wBm, and Aedes aegypti across the B. malayi Life Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chung ◽  
Laura Teigen ◽  
Silvia Libro ◽  
Robin E. Bromley ◽  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stage 1

Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptomics data set of Brugia malayi, its Wolbachia endosymbiont wBm, and its vector host. This study samples from 16 stages across the entire B. malayi life cycle, including stage 1 through 4 larvae, adult males and females, embryos, immature microfilariae, and mature microfilariae.

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