Morphological and molecular identification of Saccoglossus species (Hemichordata: Harrimaniidae) in the Pacific Northwest

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon E Smith ◽  
Rob Douglas ◽  
Karen Burke da Silva ◽  
Billie J Swalla
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Saccoglossus Kowalevskii ◽  
The Pacific

Hemichordates, especially enteropneust worms, have become increasingly important in phylogenetic studies to test theories of chordate evolution. However, there are many populations of enteropneusts along the Pacific Northwest coast of North America that have not been identified. Here we show that two common Pacific Northwest enteropneust species, Saccoglossus pusillus and Saccoglossus bromophenolosus, can be distinguished by both morphological and molecular characters, and we identify several populations of both species. We compare them with a closely related species, Saccoglossus kowalevskii, from the Atlantic coast of North America. We compile the morphological characters used to distinguish harrimaniid enteropneusts, and we describe a new staining method to examine the gill bars and proboscis skeleton of enteropneusts to aid in identification. Using 18S and 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, we determine that the range of S. pusillus extends from southern California, where the worm was first identified, to southern Canada. This previously unknown large range shows a dramatic geographic cline in adult body size, with the smallest populations found in the south and the largest adults near Vancouver Island. In contrast, S. bromophenolosus may be a Pacific Northwest species that was relatively recently introduced from the Atlantic Ocean.

Hunter-gatherer tobacco smoking: earliest evidence from the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 1397-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Tushingham ◽  
Dominique Ardura ◽  
Jelmer W. Eerkens ◽  
Mine Palazoglu ◽  
Sevini Shahbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Pacific

The golden chanterelles of Newfoundland and Labrador: a new species, a new record for North America, and a lost species rediscovered

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Greg Thorn ◽  
Jee In Kim ◽  
Renée Lebeuf ◽  
Andrus Voitk
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
New Record ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
A New Species

Three species of golden chanterelles were found in Newfoundland and Labrador and were compared with other Cantharellus species by macromorphology, microscopy, and multilocus phylogenetic studies. The commonest species is a member of the C. cibarius group, usually found with Picea, and is differentiated from European C. cibarius by its pinkish-orange rather than yellow hymenium, and from both C. cibarius and C. roseocanus of the Pacific Northwest by its ITS and TEF1 sequences. We describe it as a new species, Cantharellus enelensis; published sequences extend its range to Michigan and Illinois. An uncommon species with reduced, merulioid hymenophore, found growing only with Betula, has rDNA and TEF1 sequences nearly identical to C. amethysteus, but only occasionally shows the amethyst scales on its cap characterizing that species in Europe. Ours is the first report of this species from North America. A third species was recognized by its sequences as C. camphoratus, but our collections, found with Abies balsamea, lack the odour of camphor for which this species was named and have longer and more slender spores than in the original description. This species has not been reported since its description from a single collection in Nova Scotia. All three species are edible.

scholarly journals Sphagnum incundum a new species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from boreal and arctic regions of North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 333 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGNI OLSEN KYRKJEEIDE ◽  
KRISTIAN HASSEL ◽  
BLANKA SHAW ◽  
A. JONATHAN SHAW ◽  
EVA M. TEMSCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
A New Species

We describe Sphagnum incundum in Sphagnum subgenus Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta). We used both molecular and morphological methods to describe the new species. Molecular relationships with closely related species were explored based on microsatellites and nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. The morphological description is based on qualitative examination of morphological characters and measurements of leaves and hyalocysts. Morphological characters are compared between closely related species. The results from Feulgen densitometry and microsatellite analysis show that S. incundum is gametophytically haploid. Molecular analyses show that it is a close relative to S. flavicomans, S. subfulvum and S. subnitens, but differs both genetically and in morphological key characters, justifying the description of S. incundum as a new species. The new peatmoss is found in North America along the western coast of Greenland, in Canada from Quebec and Northwest Territories, and Alaska (United States). The new species has a boreal to arctic distribution.

Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Missionary Linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Tomalin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Pacific

Summary This article reconsiders various aspects of missionary linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast in the late 19th century. In particular, it explores the complex relationship between Alfred Hall’s (1853–1918) A Grammar of the Kwagiutl Language (1888) and Charles Harrison’s (d.1926) Haida Grammar (1895), and it is shown that, in many cases, both the basic analytical framework and the clarificatory examples that Harrison used were largely derived from Hall’s work. Such connections have not been recognised previously, and yet they are of importance, since they indicate that traditional Graeco-Roman categories and paradigms were not the only templates used by missionaries who were seeking to analyse the indigenous languages of North America. In addition, Hall’s and Harrison’s accounts of numerals in Kwak’wala and Haida (respectively) are reassessed, and it is suggested that their analyses were influenced by the classificatory approaches presented in contemporaneous studies of non-Western languages (e.g., Japanese).

North America III: West of the Rockies

Horse Nations ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Washington

This chapter looks at three more regions of North America: the Columbia Plateau and adjacent areas of the Pacific Northwest Coast; the Great Basin; and California. It also focuses on three main themes: the development of new identities as many groups adapted aspects of the lifestyle and customs of those on the Plains and more coherent tribal entities emerged; raiding for captives; and raiding for horses. A fourth topic, which casts these into relief, is why some groups rejected the horse, or chose to adopt it very late in their history. The Great Basin was the first of the three areas to receive the horse. It is an arid region of desert, salt lakes, and mountains where rainfall is unpredictable and low, but increases eastward (Plate 15). Except for the Colorado along its southern edge and the headwaters in the rockies of streams draining towards the Missouri, none of its rivers reach the sea. Fremont farmers had once made a living across Utah, but by the 1600s cultivation was restricted to a few groups in the south and west. Elsewhere, the Basin’s inhabitants depended entirely on hunting and gathering, though strategies like burning enhanced the productivity of wild plants and game. Very broadly, two subsistence patterns were followed: one emphasized fish and waterfowl around wetlands, the other a more mobile, broadly based foraging economy in deserts and mountains in which pine nuts (piñons), grass seeds, rabbits, and larger game were important. Except for the Washoe near Lake Tahoe in eastern California, all the region’s historic inhabitants spoke Numic languages. Major groups included Utes in the southeast, Shoshones in the north and centre, and Paiutes in the west and southwest. To the north of the Great Basin lies the Plateau, centred on the Columbia River and its tributaries, which collectively send their waters into the Pacific Ocean (Plate 16). Coniferous forest covers its northern and eastern parts (including several ranges running parallel to but west of the Rockies), but the drier, hilly country of Oregon and eastern Washington is more steppe-like, with sagebrush common and trees more localized.

Insect Herbivores of Ferns along the Pacific Northwest Coast of North American

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Poinar, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
North American ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New World ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family

Fifteen species of insect herbivores were discovered on ferns growing along the Pacific northwest coast of North America. These included insects from the orders: Diptera in the families Anthomyiidae, Cecidiomyiidae and Syrphidae: Lepidoptera in the families Erebidae, Tortricidae and Noctuidae: Hymenoptera in the family Tenthredinidae: Hemiptera in the family Aphididae and Coleoptera in the family Curculionidae.  The present study illustrates these associations that provides new world and North American host records of fern herbivores. The fossil record of these families is used to determine if the most ancient of these insects (dating from the Mesozoic) are now mostly restricted to ferns and the most recent ones (dating from the Cenozoic) are mostly polyphagous, feeding on ferns as well as various angiosperms.  Results indicate that the insect clades belonging to the most ancient families, such as Aneugmenuss and Strongylogaster in the Tenthredinidae and Dasineura and Mycodiplosis in the Cecidiomyiidae, appear to be monophagous on ferns.

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