The maritime shrew, Sorex maritimensis (Insectivora: Soricidae): a newly recognized Canadian endemic

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T Stewart ◽  
Neil D Perry ◽  
Luca Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Two Parameter

Previous morphological and cytological analyses have suggested that the arctic shrew (Sorex arcticus) as currently recognized may be two distinct species. Specifically, those studies demonstrated considerable differentiation between the putative subspecies S. a. maritimensis and one or both of the other two subspecies, S. a. arcticus and S. a. laricorum. Phylogenetic analysis of 546 base pairs of cytochrome b sequence data from 10 arctic shrews from across Canada indicates that maritimensis is the sister-group to arcticus + laricorum. Furthermore, there is considerable genetic divergence between maritimensis and the other two putative subspecies (~8–9%; Kimura's two-parameter distance). Given that maritimensis and arcticus + laricorum appear to be reciprocally monophyletic clades with considerable genetic divergence (i.e., greater than that between other recognized pairs of sister-species within the S. araneus–arcticus group), we propose that S. maritimensis be recognized as a distinct species. The proportion of third-position transversion substitutions between S. arcticus and S. maritimensis suggests that these two species shared a common ancestor approximately 2.4 million years ago.

Improved resolution of recalcitrant nodes in the animal phylogeny through the analysis of genome gene content and morphology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Juravel ◽  
Luis Porras ◽  
Sebastian Hoehna ◽  
Davide Pisani ◽  
Gert Wörheide
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Animal Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

An accurate phylogeny of animals is needed to clarify their evolution, ecology, and impact on shaping the biosphere. Although multi-gene alignments of up to several hundred thousand amino acids are nowadays routinely used to test hypotheses of animal relationships, some nodes towards the root of the animal phylogeny are proving hard to resolve. While the relationships of the non-bilaterian lineages, primarily sponges (Porifera) and comb jellies (Ctenophora), have received much attention since more than a decade, controversies about the phylogenetic position of the worm-like bilaterian lineage Xenacoelomorpha and the monophyly of the "Superphylum" Deuterostomia have more recently emerged. Here we independently analyse novel genome gene content and morphological datasets to assess patterns of phylogenetic congruence with previous amino-acid derived phylogenetic hypotheses. Using statistical hypothesis testing, we show that both our datasets very strongly support sponges as the sister group of all the other animals, Xenoacoelomorpha as the sister group of the other Bilateria, and largely support monophyletic Deuterostomia. Based on these results, we conclude that the last common animal ancestor may have been a simple, filter-feeding organism without a nervous system and muscles, while the last common ancestor of Bilateria might have been a small, acoelomate-like worm without a through gut.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among members of the Kokobera group of flaviviruses supports their separation into distinct species

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1462-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona J. May ◽  
David C. Clark ◽  
Kim Pham ◽  
Sinéad M. Diviney ◽  
David T. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation ◽  
Polyarticular Disease

The Kokobera virus group comprises mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cluster together phylogenetically. These viruses are unique to Australia and Papua New Guinea, and have been associated with a mild polyarticular disease in humans. Recent isolation of genetically diverse viruses within this group has prompted analysis of their genetic and phenotypic relationships. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete ORF, the envelope gene or the NS5/3′ untranslated region supported the separation of the group into distinct species: Kokobera virus (KOKV), Stratford virus, New Mapoon virus, MK7979 and TS5273. Virulence studies in 3-week-old mice also provided the first evidence that a member of the KOKV group (MK7979) was neuroinvasive after intraperitoneal inoculation. In this context, our recent detection of KOKV group-specific antibodies in horses in the field suggests that these viruses should be considered in the epidemiology of flavivirus encephalitis in Australia.

Bifidochaetus, a new Arctic genus of freshwater Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha) from Spitsbergen revealed by an integrative taxonomic approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kolicka ◽  
Miroslawa Dabert ◽  
Jacek Dabert ◽  
Tobias Kånneby ◽  
Jacek Kisielewski
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Taxonomic Research

Gastrotricha is a cosmopolitan phylum of aquatic and semi-terrestrial invertebrates that comprises ~820 described species. To date, freshwater gastrotrichs have not been the subject of faunistic or taxonomic research in the polar regions. In this paper, we present the first species-level description of a freshwater gastrotrich from the Arctic (Svalbard Archipelago). Evidence from morphology, morphometry and molecular analyses reveals that the species represents a new genus in Chaetonotidae: Bifidochaetus arcticus, gen. et sp. nov. Taking into consideration many morphological similarities to Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae Kånneby, 2013 we propose to include C. (P.) veronicae in the newly established genus under the new combination Bifidochaetus veronicae (Kånneby, 2013), comb. nov. In the phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data, B. arcticus, gen. et sp. nov. is nested within the family Chaetonotidae, as the sister group to the genus Lepidochaetus Kisielewski, 1991. In this paper we also present new taxonomic characters useful for gastrotrich taxonomy: the pharynx-to-intestine length ratio (I) and the spine bifurcation ratio (B).

scholarly journals Liparis wenshanensis, a new orchid species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG-YU SU ◽  
YI-LANG HUANG ◽  
LI-JUN CHEN ◽  
PEI-WEN ZHANG ◽  
Zhong-Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

A new orchid species, Liparis wenshanensis, discovered in Yunnan, China is described and illustrated in this study based on morphological and molecular analyses. A detailed comparison between the newly discovered orchid and other members of the genus, Liparis, was conducted. The new plant is characterized by the combination of the following features: a long rachis with 45 to 55 flowers; white sepals, petals and column; a greenish lip with a purplish center; strongly recurved and revolute dorsal sepals and petals; strongly recurved, oblong lateral sepals; a cordate lip that is strongly deflexed below the middle, with a two-lobed apex and a two-lobed callus at the base; an arcuate column with a lamella extending along the center almost to the stigma, and with a pair of broad wings toward the apex. These features distinguish the new orchid from all other known species of Liparis. We proceeded to a phylogenetic analysis to ascertain the systematic position of this enigmatic species. Molecular analyses based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK DNA sequence data supports the recognition of L. wenshanensis as a distinct species.

Contribution to the phylogeny of Caucasian Nonea (Boraginaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and trnL-F data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 418 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-272
Author(s):  
MURAT ERDEM GÜZEL ◽  
VUGAR KARIMOV ◽  
SERDAR MAKBUL ◽  
KAMİL COŞKUNÇELEBİ
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Good Support

Nonea (Boraginaceae) with nearly 35 species was divided into four sections based on the shape of mericarpids and the position of the anthers in the corolla tube. Although several comprehensive taxonomic studies have been performed on Turkish and European Nonea taxa, Caucasian ones have not been studied well. Therefore Caucasian Nonea need close attention with regard to molecular systematics. In this study, 15 Caucasian Nonea including N. cyanocalyx and N. bakuensis were evaluated with nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F sequence data using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference to reconstruct phylogeny. All examined members of Nonea were grouped at three main clades with weak to good support values based on nrITS and at two main clades with moderate to good support values based on trnL-F. Both trees did not coincide with the traditional sub-generic delimitation of Nonea, but nrITS tree supported monophyly of Nonea. On the other hand, Pulmonaria is deeply nested in Nonea in the trnL-F tree. Moreover, present findings support treating N. cyanocalyx and N. bakuensis as distinct species rather than subspecies and revealed a preliminary phylogenetic structure of little known Caucasian Nonea.

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. from freshwater habitat in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 446 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
YONG-ZHONG LU ◽  
JING-YI ZHANG ◽  
CHUAN-GEN LIN ◽  
ZONG-LONG LUO ◽  
JIAN-KUI (JACK) LIU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Freshwater Fungi ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Freshwater Habitat ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. was collected during an investigation of freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in the Asian region. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analysis. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis differs from other species in having hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 0–1-septate hyaline conidia without a sheath. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species. Six Pseudodactylaria taxa clustered together and formed a monotypic clade representing the genus, and five species are well recognized. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis and P. camporesiana share a sister relationship and they are phylogenetically distinct species. A detailed description and illustration are provided, as well as the comparisons with similar taxa.

Assessment of monophyly and taxon affinities within the polychaete clade Terebelliformia (Terebellida)

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Glasby ◽  
Patricia A. Hutchings ◽  
Kathryn Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
First Time

A phylogenetic analysis of the polychaete clade Terebelliformia (Terebellida) was undertaken in order to test monophyly of families and subfamilies and to determine their affinities. Parsimony analyses of 41 terebelliform species with outgroup Owenia fusiformis and 46 morphological characters yielded 106–144 most parsimonious trees with length 250, consistency index=0·432, retention index=0·659 and rescaled consistency index=0·285. Monophyly was indicated for Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae and Trichobranchidae and the terebellid subfamily Polycirrinae. Monophyly of Terebellidae is supported by the presence of a ridge-like tentacular membrane. Monophyly of Polycirrinae is supported by the loss of branchiae, trilobed upper lip, pinnate secondary notochaetae and ventro-lateral pads. Recognition of Polycirrinae renders taxa in the other terebellid subfamilies—Terebellinae and Thelepodinae—paraphyletic. Our results do not support previous classifications that placed Trichobranchidae as a subfamily of Terebellidae; rather it should be considered equal in rank with Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae and Pectinariidae. The following relationships were obtained: (Trichobranchidae ((Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae) (Pectinariidae, Terebellidae))). This is the first time a Pectinariidae–Terebellidae sister group relationship has been found; it is supported by the synapomorphic presence of ventral glandular shields.

Deniquelata barringtoniae gen. et sp. nov., associated with leaf spots of Barringtonia asiatica

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA ◽  
SAJEEWA S.N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA ◽  
SAMANTHA C.KARUNARATHNE ◽  
EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE ◽  
ALI H. BAHKALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pathogenicity Testing

Deniquelata barringtoniae gen. et sp. nov. (Montagnulaceae) forms numerous ascomata on distinct zonate leaf spots of Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae). We isolated this taxon and sequenced the 18S and 28S nrDNA. The result of phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S nrDNA sequence data indicate that the genus belongs in the family Montagnulaceae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota. The ascomata are immersed, dark brown to black, with bitunicate asci and brown, muriform ascospores. Deniquelata is distinguished from the other genera in Montagnulaceae based on its short, broad, furcate and pedicellate asci, verruculose ascospores with short narrow pseudoparaphyses with parasitic naturee and this is also supported by molecular data. A new genus and species is therefore introduced to accommodate this taxon. We used isolates of this species to show via pathogenicity testing that the taxon is able to cause leaf spots when leaves are pin pricked.

Phylogenetic relationships in the lizard genus Diplodactylus Gray and resurrection of Lucasium Wermuth (Gekkota, Diplodactylidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Oliver ◽  
Mark N. Hutchinson ◽  
Steven J. B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Species Groups

Diplodactylid geckos offer a model system for investigating the biogeographic history of Australia and adaptive radiations in the arid zone, but there is considerable uncertainty in the systematics of several key genera. We used sequence data from mitochondrial DNA to carry out a comprehensive analysis of phylogenetic relationships of geckos in the genus Diplodactylus. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were highly concordant and allocated all species to one of two monophyletic clades, one comprising the species placed in the vittatus and conspicillatus species groups, the other comprising species placed in the stenodactylus and steindachneri species groups, plus D. byrnei, formerly in the vittatus group. The distinctness of these two clades is supported by external morphology of the digits, body and limb proportions, and osteology of the bones in the orbital region, and we use these characters to formally define the two clades as genera. We revive and expand the genus Lucasium for D. byrnei, D. steindachneri and the stenodactylus group, with the other species staying in a redefined Diplodactylus. The monotypic Rhynchoedura is distinct from Lucasium, although the Bayesian mtDNA analysis (but not parsimony) gives some support for a sister-group relationship between Lucasium and Rhynchoedura. Molecular data suggest that each of these clades represents a distinct radiation into semiarid and arid terrestrial habitats during the mid-Tertiary, well before the hypothesised Pliocene onset of major aridification.

Preliminary use of DNA sequences for Dohrniphora (Diptera: Phoridae) phylogeny and taxonomy JOHN M. HASH, BRIAN V. BROWN & PAUL T. SMITH (USA)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2991 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
JOHN M. HASH ◽  
BRIAN V. BROWN ◽  
PAUL T. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Relationship Of

Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data from the nuclear CAD (rudimentary) and mitochondrial NDI, COI, and 16S gene regions (2817 bp total) recovered exemplars of the genus Dohrniphora as a monophyletic lineage. The data also supported the sister-group relationship of Dohrniphora + Diplonevra and were used to associate a morphologically dissimilar male and female of the species D. ecitophila. Further, we discuss the implications of this designation and provide support for the synonymy of D. ecitophila and D. geminata as proposed by Borgmeier (1968).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document