The 1994 Veylien Henderson Award of the Society of Toxicology of Canada. Mechanisms in the pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1675-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Massey ◽  
Randall G. Leeder ◽  
Elizabeth Rafeiro ◽  
James F. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Formation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Species Formation ◽  
Experimental Model Systems

Although amiodarone is a highly efficacious antidysrhythmic agent, the drug produces numerous adverse effects. The most critical of these is pulmonary toxicity because of the potential for mortality. This review examines the experimental model systems used to study amiodarone toxicity, summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the processes involved in amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT), and includes a discussion of potential future directions. Possible contributing processes to initiation of AIPT include phospholipidosis, altered calcium ion regulation, generation of reactive oxygen species, formation of an amiodarone aryl radical, and perturbation of cellular energy production. In addition, an immune response to the parent compound or to a metabolite could play a role. It is expected that elucidation of the mechanism(s) of AIPT will lead to safer antidysrhythmic agents and (or) to effective treatments for the prevention or amelioration of AIPT.Key words: amiodarone, pulmonary fibrosis, oxidative stress, pulmonary toxicity, pneumonitis.

scholarly journals A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: current status, challenges, and future directions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M Dittami ◽  
Enrique Arboleda ◽  
Jean-Christophe Auguet ◽  
Arite Bigalke ◽  
Enora Briand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Experimental Model Systems

Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems, but we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help to describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota, living together in a stable relationship, form the holobiont, and have to be studied together as a coherent biological and functional unit to understand its biology, ecology, and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences with comparisons to terrestrial sciences where appropriate. Given the connectivity and the unexplored biodiversity specific to marine ecosystems, a deeper understanding of such complex systems requires further technological and conceptual advances, e.g. the development of controlled experimental model systems for holobionts from all major lineages and the modeling of (info)chemical-mediated interactions between organisms. The most significant challenge is to bridge cross-disciplinary research on tractable model systems in order to address key ecological and evolutionary questions. This will be crucial to decipher the roles of marine holobionts in biogeochemical cycles, but also developing concrete applications of the holobiont concept e.g. to increase yield or disease resistance in aquacultures or to protect and restore marine ecosystems through management projects.

scholarly journals A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: current status, challenges, and future directions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M Dittami ◽  
Enrique Arboleda ◽  
Jean-Christophe Auguet ◽  
Arite Bigalke ◽  
Enora Briand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Experimental Model Systems

Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems, but we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help to describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota, living together in a stable relationship, form the holobiont, and have to be studied together as a coherent biological and functional unit to understand its biology, ecology, and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences with comparisons to terrestrial sciences where appropriate. Given the connectivity and the unexplored biodiversity specific to marine ecosystems, a deeper understanding of such complex systems requires further technological and conceptual advances, e.g. the development of controlled experimental model systems for holobionts from all major lineages and the modeling of (info)chemical-mediated interactions between organisms. The most significant challenge is to bridge cross-disciplinary research on tractable model systems in order to address key ecological and evolutionary questions. This will be crucial to decipher the roles of marine holobionts in biogeochemical cycles, but also developing concrete applications of the holobiont concept e.g. to increase yield or disease resistance in aquacultures or to protect and restore marine ecosystems through management projects.

scholarly journals A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: current status, challenges, and future directions

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10911
Author(s):  
Simon M. Dittami ◽  
Enrique Arboleda ◽  
Jean-Christophe Auguet ◽  
Arite Bigalke ◽  
Enora Briand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Experimental Model Systems ◽  
The Impact

Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. However, we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help to describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota with which it interacts, form a holobiont, and have to be studied together as a coherent biological and functional unit to understand its biology, ecology, and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. Given the connectivity and the unexplored biodiversity specific to marine ecosystems, a deeper understanding of such complex systems requires further technological and conceptual advances, e.g., the development of controlled experimental model systems for holobionts from all major lineages and the modeling of (info)chemical-mediated interactions between organisms. Here we propose that one significant challenge is to bridge cross-disciplinary research on tractable model systems in order to address key ecological and evolutionary questions. This first step is crucial to decipher the main drivers of the dynamics and evolution of holobionts and to account for the holobiont concept in applied areas, such as the conservation, management, and exploitation of marine ecosystems and resources, where practical solutions to predict and mitigate the impact of human activities are more important than ever.

Autonomous vehicles and freight traffic: towards better efficiency of road, rail or urban logistics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Bucsky
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Private Car

Abstract The freight transport sector is a low profit and high competition business and therefore has less ability to invest in research and development in the field of autonomous vehicles (AV) than the private car industry. There are already different levels of automation technologies in the transport industry, but most of these are serving niche demands and answers have yet to be found about whether it would be worthwhile to industrialise these technologies. New innovations from different fields are constantly changing the freight traffic industry but these are less disruptive than on other markets. The aim of this article is to show the current state of development of freight traffic with regards to AVs and analyse which future directions of development might be viable. The level of automation is very different in the case of different transport modes and most probably the technology will favour road transport over other, less environmentally harmful traffic modes.

Increased Demethylmenaquinone‐Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Formation by Β-Lactams in Enterococcus Faecalis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Léger ◽  
Aurélie Budin-Verneuil ◽  
Margherita Cacaci ◽  
Abdellah Benachour ◽  
Axel Hartke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Formation ◽  
Species Formation

Casimir forces and vacuum energy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Reynaud ◽  
Astrid Lambrecht
Keyword(s):  
Casimir Force ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Vacuum Field ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Casimir Forces ◽  
Current State ◽  
Field Fluctuations

The Casimir force is an effect of quantum vacuum field fluctuations, with applications in many domains of physics. The ideal expression obtained by Casimir, valid for perfect plane mirrors at zero temperature, has to be modified to take into account the effects of the optical properties of mirrors, thermal fluctuations, and geometry. After a general introduction to the Casimir force and a description of the current state of the art for Casimir force measurements and their comparison with theory, this chapter presents pedagogical treatments of the main features of the theory of Casimir forces for one-dimensional model systems and for mirrors in three-dimensional space.

scholarly journals A review of current state and future directions of cotton production in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1880533
Author(s):  
Tiliksew Addis ◽  
Abera Kachi ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Production ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Olfaction and Aging: A Review of the Current State of Research and Future Directions

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110203
Author(s):  
Jonas K. Olofsson ◽  
Ingrid Ekström ◽  
Maria Larsson ◽  
Steven Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signs ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health Cognition ◽  
Olfactory Abilities ◽  
And Training

Olfaction, the sense of smell, is characterized by a notable age-dependency such that aging individuals are more likely to have poor olfactory abilities. These impairments are considered to be mostly irreversible and as having potentially profound effects on quality of life and food behavior, as well as constituting warning signs of mortality, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. Here, we review the current state of research on aging and olfaction, focusing on five topics which we regard to be of particular relevance for the field: nutrition and health, cognition and dementia, mortality, environment and genetics, and training-based enhancement. Under each of these headlines, we provide a state-of-the-art overview and discuss gaps in our knowledge which might be filled by further research. Understanding how olfactory abilities are diminished in aging, and how they may be alleviated or recovered, involves a set of challenging tasks for researchers in the years to come.

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