Use of cell cultures to differentiate among effects of various ischemia factors on astrocytic cell volume

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (S1) ◽  
pp. S344-S349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard H. J. Juurlink ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Leif Hertz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Astrocytic Swelling ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Substrate Deprivation

Mouse astrocytes were subjected to in vitro models of ischemia (hypoxia with or without substrate deprivation, excess potassium, or elevated glutamate). Three hours of hypoxia alone or with substrate deprivation had little effect upon the morphology of astrocytes but did cause disaggregation of polyribosomes. Excess (12–50 mM) potassium added (as KCl) to a normal isotonic medium also caused no swelling; it did, however, cause a shrinkage of cell volume. When 50 mM potassium was substituted for a similar amount of sodium, marked swelling occurred. Swelling of astrocytes was also seen after addition of glutamate (50 μM to 1 mM) to the culture medium. These results show that ischemia per se does not result in astrocytic swelling; rather, microenvironmental alterations such as rising glutamate levels and changes in the sodium/potassium ratios result in astrocytic swelling. We conclude that one can use astrocytes in culture to dissect out the mechanisms that cause postischemic alterations in astrocytes in vivo.Key words: astrocytes, glutamate, ischemia, potassium, swelling.

Hepatoma Cell Cultures as In Vitro Models for the Hepatotoxicity of Xenobiotics

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Margherita Ferro ◽  
Anna Maria Bassi ◽  
Giorgio Nanni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
Dose Dependent

Two hepatoma cell cultures were examined as in vitro models to be used in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests without the addition of bioactivating enzymes. The MH1C1, and HTC hepatoma lines were used in this study to establish their sensitivity to a number of xenobiotics, namely, cyclophosphamide (CP), the classical positive control in bioactivation tests; benzaldehyde (BA), a short-chain aldehyde; and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major toxic end-product of the peroxidative degradation of cell membrane lipids. As a first approach, we compared the following cytotoxicity tests: release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and colony formation efficiency (CF). Colony-forming cells were exposed to the drugs according to different procedures, before or after the anchorage phase. The leakage of LDH into the medium following exposure of both cell lines to HNE, CP and BA for up to 24 hours was found not to be a good index of cytotoxicity. A better indicator of cytotoxicity was CF, as evaluated by exposure of the cells 24 hours after seeding. The effects were detectable at very low concentrations, corresponding to 10, 90 and 100μM for HNE, CP and BA, respectively. The impairment of CF efficiency was dose-dependent and time-dependent, and several differences between the two cell lines were observed.

In vitro interactions between epithelial cells and Gyrodactylus derjavini

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Buchmann ◽  
C.V. Nielsen ◽  
J. Bresciani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini ◽  
Skin Responses ◽  
Enzyme Reactivity ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

AbstractSkin responses of fish to various parasites have been shown to involve various immunologically competent cells producing factors which guide the reactions of epithelial cells. However, the present study has demonstrated that a monoculture of epithelial cells has the ability to encapsulate and partially degrade ectoparasites without involvement of leukocytes. The ectoparasitic monogeneanGyrodactylus derjavini was kept on a monolayer of Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini (EPC) cells in 24-well multidishes supplied with tissue culture medium. Gyrodactylus derjavini did not reproduce but survived an incubation period of up to139 h in the system. Due to sterile conditions, dead gyrodactylids were not subjected to microbial degradation and remained intact for several weeks. However, at 40 days G. derjavini was overgrown by EPC-cells and became partly degraded during the following 15 days. Analysis of enzyme reactivity in EPC-cells showed reactions for ten enzymes including esterases, amidases, phosphatases and phosphohydrolases. No marked differences for the ten enzymes between cell cultures with and without the ectoparasites were found but it cannot be excluded that some of these enzymes took part in parasite degradation. The study showed the in vitro capability of epithelial cells to interact, encapsulate and degrade G. derjavini without the involvement of leukocytes. This response probably is non-specific and will not exclude that various immunocompetent cells and their products normally optimize and accelerate elimination of invading parasites in vivo.

scholarly journals Chitosan biopolymer: Alternative adhesion factor and scaffold matrix for 2D and 3D neuronal cultures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Di Lisa ◽  
Mariateresa Tedesco ◽  
Elena Dellacasa ◽  
Mattia Pesce ◽  
Tiziano Catelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Chitosan Biopolymer ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Adhesion Factor

The increase of different types of cell cultures, which can be used for the in vitro studies of physiological and/or pathological processes, has introduced the need to improve culture techniques through the use of materials and culture media that promote growth, recreating a cellular micro-environment that can be asserted in in vivo condition. The standard methods for the functionalization of supports used for cell cultures are based on the use of synthetic or natural biopolymers, which generally have high costs, such as poly-lysine and polyornithine. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the alternative use of the polysaccharide chitosan as adhesion factor and structural component for 2D/3D neuronal cultures. Thanks to its versatility, it could be easily functionalized for the fabrication of personalized of in vitro models

Macrophage Induced Effect of Particulate Silica on Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Timothy Wilson ◽  
Reeta Viitala ◽  
Mervi Puska ◽  
Mika Jokinen ◽  
Risto Penttinen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Silica Microparticles

The role of silica and macrophages in fibrosis is well documented, but in bone formation it is relatively unknown despite decades of research with bioactive glasses. In this study macrophages were isolated from rat peritoneal and then cultured for five days in the presence of two types of silica microparticles with different solubilities. After the fifth day the culture medium was collected, purified and used as an additive in bone marrow derived rat stem cell cultures. The stem cells were cultured for five days in α-mem containing only 0,5% of FCS, enabling cell survival but disrupting their proliferation. As controls, stem cells were also cultured in α-mem containing silica microparticles. At days one and five the amount of soluble collagen was assayed from the culture medium and the cells were counted. All stem cell cultures with macrophage medium additives were found to be proliferative, with statistically significant difference to controls. However, collagen was only produced in cultures containing medium from macrophages cultured with fast-dissolving silica microparticles. This suggests that silica can induce cell proliferation and extra cellular matrix protein secretion which is mediated by macrophages, and that the solubility of silica is also a major factor in this reaction.

scholarly journals The Effective Combination between 3D Cancer Models and Stimuli-Responsive Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Federica Foglietta ◽  
Loredana Serpe ◽  
Roberto Canaparo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Cancer Models

Stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems (DDSs) have emerged as a potential tool for applications in healthcare, mainly in the treatment of cancer where versatile nanocarriers are co-triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures are the most important in vitro model used to evaluate the anticancer activity of these stimuli-responsive DDSs due to their easy manipulation and versatility. However, some limitations suggest that these in vitro models poorly predict the outcome of in vivo studies. One of the main drawbacks of 2D cell cultures is their inadequate representation of the 3D environment’s physiological complexity, which sees cells interact with each other and the extracellular matrix (ECM) according to their specific cellular organization. In this regard, 3D cancer models are a promising approach that can overcome the main shortcomings of 2D cancer cell cultures, as these in vitro models possess many peculiarities by which they mimic in vivo tumors, including physiologically relevant cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions. This is, in our opinion, even more relevant when a stimuli-responsive DDS is being investigated. In this review, we therefore report and discuss endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive DDSs whose effectiveness has been tested using 3D cancer cell cultures.

scholarly journals Sodium hyaluronate supplemented culture medium combined with joint-simulating mechanical loading improves chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 616-632
Author(s):  
G Monaco ◽  
◽  
AJ El Haj ◽  
M Alini ◽  
MJ Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Sulphated Glycosaminoglycan

In vitro models aim to recapitulate the in vivo situation. To more closely mimic the knee joint environment, current in vitro models need improvements to reflect the complexity of the native tissue. High molecular weight hyaluronan (hMwt HA) is one of the most abundant bioactive macromolecules in healthy synovial fluid, while shear and dynamic compression are two joint-relevant mechanical forces. The present study aimed at investigating the concomitant effect of joint-simulating mechanical loading (JSML) and hMwt HA-supplemented culture medium on the chondrogenic differentiation of primary human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). hBM-MSC chondrogenesis was investigated over 28 d at the gene expression level and total DNA, sulphated glycosaminoglycan, TGF-β1 production and safranin O staining were evaluated. The concomitant effect of hMwt HA culture medium and JSML significantly increased cartilage-like matrix deposition and sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis, especially during early chondrogenesis. A stabilisation of the hBM-MSC-derived chondrocyte phenotype was observed through the reduced upregulation of the hypertrophic marker collagen X and an increase in the chondrogenic collagen type II/X ratio. A combination of JSML and hMwt HA medium better reflects the complexity of the in vivo synovial joint environment. Thus, JSML and hMwt HA medium will be two important features for joint-related culture models to more accurately predict the in vivo outcome, therefore reducing the need for animal studies. Reducing in vitro artefacts would enable a more reliable prescreening of potential cartilage repair therapies.

Cell cultures as in vitro models for breath research

2020 ◽  
pp. 425-439
Author(s):  
Cristina E. Davis ◽  
Mitchell M. McCartney ◽  
Matthias Frank ◽  
Michael Schivo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Models

An overview: In vitro models of HCV replication in different cell cultures

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Tariq ◽  
Sobia Manzoor ◽  
Fahed Parvaiz ◽  
Farakh Javed ◽  
Kaneez Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Models

Fish cell cultures as in vitro models of pro-inflammatory responses elicited by immunostimulants

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fierro-Castro ◽  
L. Barrioluengo ◽  
P. López-Fierro ◽  
B.E. Razquin ◽  
B. Carracedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Fish Cell
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