Effects of fructose loading in streptozotocin-diabetic and nondiabetic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soter Dai ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement

The present study compares the cardiovascular consequences of a 6-week fructose feeding in nondiabetic and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Myocardial performance of these animals was determined using the isolated perfused working heart preparation. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, ventricular weight/body weight ratio, and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol were measured. In nondiabetic rats, fructose drinking caused significant increases in blood pressure, pulse rate, and plasma concentrations of insulin and triglycerides. Streptozotocin-diabetic animals exhibited significantly less body weight growth, slower pulse rate, higher plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, ventricular enlargement, and functional impairment of the myocardium. The fructose-loaded diabetic rats had larger increases in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides than did control fructose-fed rats, but the fructose-induced increases in blood pressure and pulse rate were attenuated significantly. However, plasma levels of glucose and insulin and the degree of ventricular enlargement and myocardial dysfunction were not significantly different from those of control diabetic rats. These results show that fructose loading for 6 weeks can cause increases in blood pressure, pulse rate, and plasma lipids in both nondiabetic and diabetic rats. However, fructose ingestion does not significantly alter glycemic control or affect the development of myocardial dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.Key words: fructose, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial dysfunction.

Improvement in cardiac function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by salt loading

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soter Dai ◽  
Heather Fraser ◽  
Violet G. Yuen ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

Effects of salt loading by drinking 0.9% NaCl solution on the myocardial performance in nondiabetic and diabetic Wistar rats were studied using the isolated working heart apparatus. Body weight and fluid and food intakes of these animals were monitored. Blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides were also measured. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were found to develop myocardial dysfunction at 8 weeks after STZ injection, accompanied by significant increases in food and fluid intakes, slowed body weight gain, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia but without significant changes in blood pressure. Salt loading did not cause significant changes in any of the parameters studied in nondiabetic rats. However, in streptozotocin-diabetic rats given saline to drink, the impaired myocardial function was significantly improved and was associated with a significant reduction in hyperphagia and hyperlipidemia. Plasma glucose levels significantly decreased at weeks 1–3 but increased to the levels of untreated diabetic animals at weeks 4–7. There was an increase in fluid intake, but neither blood pressure nor plasma insulin levels were significantly affected. It is suggested that the improvements in cardiac function and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats by salt loading may be related to each other; however, the mechanisms for these effects are not clear but are unlikely to be due to changes in glycemic control.Key words: streptozotocin diabetes, salt loading, cardiac dysfunction.

Myocardial performance of STZ-diabetic DOCA-hypertensive rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. H1798-H1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dai ◽  
J. H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Myocardial Performance ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Heart Apparatus

Myocardial performance of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-hypertensive rats was examined using the isolated working heart apparatus at various time periods after induction of the experimental diseases. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio, were also determined. In nondiabetic rats it was found that DOCA hypertension was associated with an increase in plasma cholesterol, a decrease in circulating insulin level, lower weight gain, and ventricular enlargement compared with control rats. Diabetic rats developed myocardial dysfunction in a time-dependent manner and exhibited hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, bradycardia, and ventricular enlargement. Compared with the normotensive diabetic animals, STZ-diabetic DOCA-hypertensive rats showed a similar magnitude of myocardial dysfunction and a greater degree of ventricular enlargement, but significantly less severe hyperglycemia. It is concluded that DOCA-induced hypertension does not aggravate the severity of myocardial dysfunction developed in STZ-diabetic rats. It is also suggested that DOCA may have an action on glucose metabolism either directly or via an effect on insulin secretion.

Abstract 532: BIA 5-1058, Beyond Blood Pressure, Improves Cardiometabolism and Decrease End-organ Damage

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Igreja ◽  
Nuno M Pires ◽  
Lyndon C Wright ◽  
Patrício Soares-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) can alter blood pressure (BP) by modulation of cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance and renal function. One strategy for controlling sympathetic nerve function is to reduce the biosynthesis of norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH). BIA 5-1058 is a new peripheral DβH inhibitor that decreases NE levels in sympathetically innervated tissues and slows down the drive of SNS. In order to evaluate the cardiometabolic effects of BIA 5-1058 in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 12 male SHR 50-week-old were randomized into two groups and one group was treated with BIA 5-1058 (30 mg/Kg/day) mixed in the diet for 9 weeks. During week 8 of treatment, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured by tail cuff. At the end of the study, 24-hour urine and plasma was collected and organs weight was recorded. BIA 5-1058 treatment reduced systolic BP (224±5 vs 183±8 mmHg, p<0.05) with no significant effect on HR. The heart/body weight ratio was decreased in animals treated with BIA 5-1058 (3.66±0.08 vs 3.45±0.04 mg/g, p<0.05), while the ratio kidney/body weight was unchanged. BIA 5-1058 significantly decreased plasma levels of the inflammatory markers CRP (447.3±7.1 vs 401.2±7.1 μg/ml, p<0.05), MCP-1 (90.3±10.5 vs 58.2±9.0 pg/ml, p<0.05) and ASAT (91.7±8.0 vs 67.3±4.0 U/l, p<0.05) but no significant effect on ALAT was observed. Concerning lipid metabolism, there was a decrease in plasma triglycerides (0.94±0.05 vs. 0.70±0.05 mmol/l, p<0.05) and free fatty acids levels (0.23±0.03 vs 0.11±0.01 mmol/l, p<0.05) induced by BIA 5-1058, while total cholesterol plasma levels was similar in both groups. BIA 5-1058 significantly reduced the 24-hour urine excretion (13.5±1.6 vs 8.9±1.2 ml, p<0.05), but had no significant effect in the amount of protein excreted in urine nor in the creatinine clearance rate. In conclusion, the new DBH inhibitor, BIA 5-1058, presents cardiometabolic benefits in aged SHR.

scholarly journals Ileal transposition helps to regulate plasma hepatokine levels in obese Zucker (Crl:ZUC(ORL)-Leprfa) rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Stygar ◽  
Tomasz Sawczyn ◽  
Agnieszka Dulska ◽  
Elżbieta Chełmecka ◽  
Łukasz Mielańczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Sham Surgery

AbstractWe studied the long-term effect of ileal transposition (IT) metabolic surgery on the hepatokines: retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), α-2-HS-glycoprotein (aHSG/fetuin-A), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels, glucose metabolism, body weight, liver histology, as well as total lipids concentration in muscle, liver, and fat tissue of obese Zucker (Crl:ZUC(ORL)-Leprfa) rats. 14 adult males were randomly submitted either to IT or SHAM (control) surgery. Pre-operative hepatokines plasma levels were not significantly different in rats submitted to IT or SHAM protocol. Three months after the procedures the plasma levels of RBP4, aHSG, FGF21, and CRP were significantly lower in IT-operated animals when compared to SHAM-operated group. Three and 12 weeks after the IT and SHAM surgery, the AUCOGTT were significantly lower than AUCOGTT before the surgery. HOMA-IR was lower in rats after IT surgery in comparison to the SHAM-operated rats. Muscle and liver total lipids concentration was reduced after the IT procedure when compared to pre-IT conditions. IT had a significant reductive impact on the body weight in comparison to SHAM surgery in the 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th week after the surgery. We conclude that IT reduces hepatokines’ plasma concentrations, muscle and liver total lipids concentration but not the inflammatory processes in the liver of Zucker (Crl:ZUC(ORL)-Leprfa) rats.

A comparison of the effects of fish oil and flaxseed oil on cardiac allograft chronic rejection in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. H1452-H1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rgia A. Othman ◽  
Miyoung Suh ◽  
Gabor Fischer ◽  
Nazila Azordegan ◽  
Natalie Riediger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chronic Rejection ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Cardiac Allograft

Both fish and flaxseed oils are major sources of different n-3 fatty acids. Beneficial effects of fish oil on posttransplantation complications have been reported. The current study aimed to compare the effects of flaxseed and fish oils in a rat cardiac allograft model. Male Fischer and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively, to generate a heterotopic cardiac allograft model. Animals were randomly assigned into three groups and fed a diet supplemented with 1) 5% (wt/wt) safflower oil (control, n = 7), 2) 5% (wt/wt) flaxseed oil ( n = 8), or 3) 2% (wt/wt) fish oil ( n = 7), and an intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporine A (CsA; 1.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) over 12 wk. Body weight, blood pressure, plasma levels of lipids, CsA, select cytokines, as well as graft function and chronic rejection features were assessed. Body weight and blood CsA levels were similar among the groups. Relative to controls, both treated groups had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma levels of macrophage chemotactic protein-1. Treatment with fish oil significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in the flaxseed oil-treated group compared with the other two groups. Both flaxseed oil and fish oil may provide similar biochemical, hemodynamic, and inflammatory benefits after heart transplantation; however, neither of the oils was able to statistically significantly impact chronic rejection or histological evidence of apparent cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in this model.

scholarly journals Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽  
Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽  
Alice Calone ◽  
Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽  
Carla Bartuscheck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

Abstract 670: Immediate And Sustained Blood Pressure Lowering by CRF-receptor Stimulation: A Novel Approach To Antihypertensive Therapy?

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dieterle ◽  
Silvia Meili-Butz ◽  
Katrin Buehler ◽  
Christian Morandi ◽  
Dietlinde John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Novel Approach

Background: Recently, novel corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptides, named urocortin I (UcnI), UcnII, and UcnIII were described. Available data suggest that the Ucns are part of a peripheral CRF system modulating cardiovascular function and mediating cardiovascular responses to stress. Blood pressure (BP) lowering effects have been described after administration of UcnI. However, no data are available on effects of UcnII on BP in an animal model of systemic arterial hypertension. Methods: Experiments were performed in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) and salt-resistant rats (DSR, control). Animals were fed a diet containing 4% NaCl (high salt) to induce arterial hypertension in DSS rats. At the end of week 2 of high salt diet, both DSS and DSR rats were randomly assigned to i.p. injections of either UcnII (2.5 μg/kg body weight) or vehicle b.i.d. for five weeks. Animals underwent repetitive tail cuff BP measurements at baseline (prior to first injection), at 5 and 15 minutes after the first injection and at week 1, 2, and 5 of b.i.d. treatment. At week 5 animals were sacrificed to determine heart weight /body weight ratio. Results: Systolic BP (SBP, mmHg) and heart rate (HR, min −1 ) are given in the following table as mean ± SD (n=10 per group). Conclusions: In hypertensive DSS rats, acute CRF-receptor stimulation by UcnII immediately lowered BP to the range observed in DSR rats. Compared to vehicle-treated DSS rats, sustained BP reduction was observed with further chronic administration of UcnII. No severe reflex tachycardia was observed after administration of UcnII. Thus, CRF-receptor stimulation might represent a novel approach to the treatment of arterial hypertension.

8-Hydroxylation and Glucuronidation of Mirtazapine in Japanese Psychiatric Patients: Significance of the Glucuronidation Pathway of 8-Hydroxy-Mirtazapine

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (05) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Masataka Shinozaki ◽  
Jason Pierce ◽  
Yuki Hayashi ◽  
Takashi Watanabe ◽  
Taro Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Steady State Concentration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
State Concentration

Abstract Introduction  To investigate the metabolism of mirtazapine (MIR) in Japanese psychiatric patients, we determined the plasma levels of MIR, N-desmethylmirtazapine (DMIR), 8-hydroxy-mirtazapine (8-OH-MIR), mirtazapine glucuronide (MIR-G), and 8-hydroxy-mirtazapine glucuronide (8-OH-MIR-G). Methods  Seventy-nine Japanese psychiatric patients were treated with MIR for 1–8 weeks to achieve a steady-state concentration. Plasma levels of MIR, DMIR, and 8-OH-MIR were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of MIR-G and 8-OH-MIR-G were determined by total MIR and total 8-OH-MIR (i. e., concentrations after hydrolysis) minus unconjugated MIR and unconjugated 8-OH-MIR, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine CYP2D6 genotypes. Results  Plasma levels of 8-OH-MIR were lower than those of MIR and DMIR (median 1.42 nmol/L vs. 92.71 nmol/L and 44.96 nmol/L, respectively). The plasma levels (median) of MIR-G and 8-OH-MIR-G were 75.00 nmol/L and 111.60 nmol/L, giving MIR-G/MIR and 8-OH-MIR-G/8-OH-MIR ratios of 0.92 and 59.50, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that smoking was correlated with the plasma MIR concentration (dose- and body weight–corrected, p=0.040) and that age (years) was significantly correlated with the plasma DMIR concentration (dose- and body weight–corrected, p=0.018). The steady-state plasma concentrations of MIR and its metabolites were unaffected by the number of CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6*10 alleles. Discussion  The plasma concentration of 8-OH-MIR was as low as 1.42 nmol/L, whereas 8-OH-MIR-G had an approximate 59.50 times higher concentration than 8-OH-MIR, suggesting a significant role for hydroxylation of MIR and its glucuronidation in the Japanese population.

Effects of an Inverted Position on Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, and Deep Tendon Reflexes of Healthy Young Adults

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358-1362
Author(s):  
Wendy Rheault ◽  
Martha Derleth ◽  
Mary Casey ◽  
Charity Czarnik ◽  
Donna Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Inverted Position ◽  
Tendon Reflexes
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