The effect of adrenal denervation on the metabolic effects of hyperammonemia in sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wiechetek ◽  
Pawel Podgurniak ◽  
Romuald Zabielski ◽  
Malgorzata Podgurniak
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Lipolytic Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Pyruvate Level ◽  
Hyperglycemic Effect

The metabolic effect of intravenous infusion of ammonium chloride (60 μmol/(kg body weight∙min)) was compared in five sheep before and after adrenal denervation. Adrenal denervation completely abolished the hyperglycemic effect of ammonium chloride, diminished the rise of pyruvate and lactate concentration, and failed to influence the lipolytic effect of NH4Cl It is suggested that the metabolic effects of ammonia are in a different degree related to the action of ammonia on the central nervous system and (i) the hyperammonemic effect of ammonia completely depends on the neurogenic increase of adrenal medullary hormones; (ii) the rise of blood lactate and pyruvate level observed during hyperammonemia is only partially mediated by adrenaline; and (iii) the lipolytic effect of ammonia ion does not depend on the nerve-controlled secretion of adrenal medullary hormones.Key words: adrenal denervation, hyperammonemia, metabolism, sheep.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Postural Stability among 13-Year-Old Alpine Skiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka D. Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Alpine Skiers

This experiment examined changes in body sway after Wingate test (WAnT) in 19 adolescents practicing alpine skiing, subjected to the same type of training load for 4–5 years (10 girls and nine boys). The postural examinations were performed with eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and sway reverenced vision (SRV) in the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) planes. The displacement of center of foot pressure (CoP), range of sway (RS), mean sway velocity (MV), way length, and surface area were measured in bipedal upright stance before and after the WAnT to assess the influence of fatigue on postural balance. There were no significant differences in WAnT parameters between girls and boys. Relative peak power (RPP), relative total work (RWtot) were (girls vs. boys) 8.89 ± 0.70 vs. 9.57 ± 1.22 W/kg, p < 0.05 and 227.91 ± 14.98 vs. 243.22 ± 30.24 W/kg, p < 0.05 respectively. The fatigue index (FI) was also on similar level in both genders; however, blood lactate concentration (BLa) was significantly higher in boys (10.35 ± 1.16 mM) than in girls (8.67 ± 1.35 mM) p = 0.007. In the EO examination, statistically significant differences between resting and fatigue conditions in the whole group and after the division into girls and boys were found. In fatigue conditions, significant gender differences were noted for measurements in the ML plane (sway path and RS) and RS in the AP plane. Comparison of the three conditions shows differences between EO vs. EC and SRV in AP plane measured parameters, and for RS in ML plane in rest condition in girls. The strong correlations between FI and CoP parameters mainly in ML plane in the whole group for all examination conditions were noted. By genders, mainly RS in ML plane strongly correlates with FI (r > 0.7). No correlation was found between BLa and CoP parameters (p > 0.06). The presented results indicate that subjecting adolescents of both genders to the same training may reduce gender differences in the postural balance ability at rest but not in fatigue conditions and that girls are significantly superior in postural balance in the ML plane than boys. It was also shown that too little or too much information may be destructive to postural balance in young adolescents.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Clara Depommier ◽  
Rosa Maria Vitale ◽  
Fabio Arturo Iannotti ◽  
Cristoforo Silvestri ◽  
Nicolas Flamand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Palmitoyl Glycerol

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We hypothesize that PPARα activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.

Central blockade of vasopressin V1receptors attenuates postexercise hypotension

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. R375-R380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Collins ◽  
David W. Rodenbaugh ◽  
Stephen E. DiCarlo
Keyword(s):  
Central Administration ◽  
Guide Cannula ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Postexercise Hypotension ◽  
The Right ◽  
Carotid Arterial ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle

We tested the hypothesis that central arginine vasopressin (AVP) mediates postexercise reductions in arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR). To test this hypothesis, nine spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were instrumented with a 22-gauge stainless steel guide cannula in the right lateral cerebral ventricle and with a carotid arterial catheter. After the rats recovered, AP and HR were assessed before and after a single bout of dynamic exercise with the central administration of vehicle or the selective AVP V1-receptor antagonist d(CH3)5Tyr(Me)-AVP (AVP-X). AP and HR were significantly decreased below preexercise values with central administration of vehicle [ P < 0.05, change (Δ)−21 ± 4 mmHg and Δ−20 ± 6 beats/min, respectively]. In sharp contrast, after exercise with central administration of AVP-X, both AP (Δ+8 ± 5 mmHg) and HR (Δ+24 ± 9 beats/min) were not significantly different from preexercise values ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, AVP-X at rest did not significantly alter AP (181 ± 11 vs. 178 ± 11 mmHg, P > 0.05) or HR (328 ± 24 vs. 331 ± 22 beats/min, P > 0.05). Thus central blockade of AVP V1 receptors prevented postexercise reductions in AP and HR. These data suggest that AVP, acting within the central nervous system, mediates postexercise reductions in AP and HR in the SHR.

Fatigue and phosphocreatine depletion during carbon dioxide-induced acidosis in rat muscle

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. C15-C20 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sahlin ◽  
L. Edstrom ◽  
H. Sjoholm
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phosphate Depletion ◽  
Creatine Kinase Equilibrium ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Tetanic Tension

Isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles from rat were exposed to atmospheres of 30% CO2 (high-CO2 muscles) or 6.5% CO2 (control muscles) in O2 for 95 min. Muscle contraction characteristics were studied before and after the incubation. Tetanic tension decreased in high-CO2 muscles to 55% of initial value but remained unchanged in control muscles. Relaxation time was prolonged in high-CO2 muscles but not in control muscles. Intracellular pH was 6.67 +/- 0.04 (SD) in high-CO2 muscles and 7.01 +/- 0.04 in control muscles. CO2-induced acidosis had a marked influence on the intermediary energy metabolism as shown by a fourfold increase of glucose 6-phosphate, a 14% increase of ADP, and a decrease of phosphocreatine to 44% of the control value. Lactate and pyruvate contents were unchanged. The observed metabolic changes can be explained by an effect of H+ on the activity of phosphofructokinase and on the creatine kinase equilibrium. It can be concluded that H+ concentration causes muscular fatigue. It is, however, uncertain whether this is an effect of increased H+ per se or by high-energy phosphate depletion induced by acidosis.

Costal diaphragmatic O2 and lactate extraction in laryngeal hemiplegic ponies during exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1723-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Manohar ◽  
T. E. Goetz ◽  
D. Nganwa
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Insignificant Change ◽  
Resistive Breathing ◽  
O2 Extraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arterial Po2

Diaphragmatic O2 and lactate extraction were examined in seven healthy ponies during maximal exercise (ME) carried out without, as well as with, inspiratory resistive breathing. Arterial and diaphragmatic venous blood were sampled simultaneously at rest and at 30-s intervals during the 4 min of ME. Experiments were carried out before and after left laryngeal hemiplegia (LH) was produced. During ME, normal ponies exhibited hypocapnia, hemoconcentration, and a decrease in arterial PO2 (PaO2) with insignificant change in O2 saturation. In LH ponies, PaO2 and O2 saturation decreased well below that in normal ponies, but because of higher hemoglobin concentration, arterial O2 content exceeded that in normal ponies. Because of their high PaCO2 during ME, acidosis was more pronounced in LH animals despite similar lactate values. Diaphragmatic venous PO2 and O2 saturation decreased with ME to 15.5 +/- 0.9 Torr and 18 +/- 0.5%, respectively, at 120 s of exercise in normal ponies. In LH ponies, corresponding values were significantly less: 12.4 +/- 1.3 Torr and 15.5 +/- 0.7% at 120 s and 9.8 +/- 1.4 Torr and 14.3 +/- 0.6% at 240 s of ME. Mean phrenic O2 extraction plateaued at 81 and 83% in normal and LH animals, respectively. Significant differences in lactate concentration between arterial and phrenic-venous blood were not observed during ME. It is concluded that PO2 and O2 saturation in the phrenic-venous blood of normal ponies do not reach their lowest possible values even during ME. Also, the healthy equine diaphragm, even with the added stress of inspiratory resistive breathing, did not engage in net lactate production.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid and body temperature in man, following a standardized meal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Tesleem K Babalola ◽  
Udoh Utibe Abasi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After

Background: The effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid level and body temperature following a standardized meal were carried out on 20 healthy young individuals (aged between 18 and 29 yrs.), consisting of 10 males and 10 females. The physical fitness of the subjects was determined measuring their blood pressure, pulse rate and other physical examinations.Methodology: Each subject was made to ride the bicycle ergometer for 6mins, at a rhythmic cadence of 50revolution/ min via 100beats metronome counts. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise to analyze for the pre and post exercise plasma lactate levels. Pre and post-exercise values for body temperature were also measured. Statistical tests were carried out at 95% CI (P=0.05).Result: The result obtained showed that exercise causes a statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in both plasma lactate concentration (from a pre-exercise mean value of 0.98 ±0.07mmol/L to post- exercise mean value of 2.84 ±0.21mmol/L) and body temperature (from a mean value of 36.45 ±0.130C before exercise to a mean value of 36.91 ±0.190C after exercise).Conclusion: There was a statistically significant increase in plasma lactateand body temperature because of exposure to exercise which is in line with findings from most previous studies.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.270-274

scholarly journals Effects of Successive Annual Training on Aerobic Endurance Indices in Young Swimmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavriil G. Arsoniadis ◽  
Petros G. Botonis ◽  
Ioannis S. Nikitakis ◽  
Dimitrios Kalokiris ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
The Individual

Background: The magnitude of long-term changes on aerobic endurance indices provides useful information for understanding any training-induced adaptation during maturation. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare changes in different aerobic endurance indices within two successive training years. Methods: Eight swimmers, (five male, three female; age: 14.1±1.5, height: 163.8±9.9 cm, body mass: 55.8±10 kg) were tested at four time-points, before and after the 12-week specific preparation period, within two successive training years (at year-1: start-1, end-1, at year-2: start-2, end-2). In each time-point were timed in distances of 50, 200 and 400 m front crawl to calculate the critical speed (CS). Subsequently, performed 5x200 m front crawl progressively increasing intensity and the lactate concentration was determined after each repetition. Using the individual speed vs. lactate concentration curve, the speed corresponding to 4 mmol.L-1 concentration (V4) and the speed corresponding to lactate threshold (sLT) were calculated. Results: Aerobic endurance was increased from year-1 to year-2 (effect of time, p<0.05) and no difference was observed between V4, sLT and CS at all time-points of evaluation (p>0.05). In year-1, V4, sLT and CS were unchanged even after the 12-week period (p>0.05). During year-2 of training it was only V4 that was increased from start-2 to end-2 (p<0.05), whereas sLT and CS were unchanged at the same period (p>0.05). Conclusion: The aerobic endurance indices change similarly throughout a two-year training, independent of the maturation. Possibly, V4 is more sensitive to detect training adaptations during the specific preparation period in young swimmers.

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Small Combat Games to Regular Taekwondo Training on Physiological and Performance Outcomes in Male Young Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ouergui ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Hamdi Messaoudi ◽  
Hamdi Chtourou ◽  
Anissa Bouassida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

This study investigated the effect of area sizes (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and effort-pause ratios (free combat vs. 1:2) variation on the physiological and perceptive responses during taekwondo combats (Study 1). In a second study, the effects on physical performance of 8 weeks of small combat-based training added to regular taekwondo training were investigated (Study 2). In random order, 32 male taekwondo athletes performed six (i.e., two effort-to-pause ratios × three area sizes conditions) different 2-min taekwondo combats (Study 1). Thereafter (Study 2), they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and an active control group (CG). Regarding Study 1, blood lactate concentration [La] before and after each combat, mean heart rate (HRmean) during each combat, and rating of perceived exertion (CR-10) immediately after each combat were assessed. Regarding Study 2, progressive specific taekwondo (PSTT) to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), taekwondo-specific agility, and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were administered before and after 8 weeks of training. Study 1 results showed that 4 × 4 m elicited lower HRmean values compared with 6 × 6 m (d = −0.42 [small], p = 0.030) and free combat induced higher values compared with the 1:2 ratio (d = 1.71 [large], p &lt; 0.001). For [La]post, 4 × 4 m area size induced higher values than 6 × 6 m (d = 0.99 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001) and 8 × 8 m (d = 0.89 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001) and free combat induced higher values than 1:2 ratio (d = 0.69 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001). Higher CR-10 scores were registered after free combat compared with 1:2 ratio (d = 0.44 [small], p = 0.007). For Study 2, VO2max increased after training [F(1, 56) =30.532, p &lt; 0.001; post-hoc: d = 1.27 [large], p &lt; 0.001] with higher values for 4 × 4 m compared with CG (d = 1.15 [moderate], p = 0.009). Agility performance improved after training [F(1, 56) = 4.419, p = 0.04; post-hoc: d = −0.46 [small], p = 0.04] and 4 × 4 m induced lower values in comparison with 6 × 6 m (d = −1.56 [large], p = 0.001) and CG (d = −0.77 [moderate], p = 0.049). No training type influenced CMJ performance. Smaller area size elicited contrasting results in terms of metabolic demand compared with larger sizes (i.e., lower HRmean but higher [La] and CR-10), whereas free combat induced variables' consistently higher values compared with imposed 1:2 ratio (Study 1). Taekwondo training is effective to improve VO2max and agility (Study 2), but small combat training modality should be investigated further.

scholarly journals Regulation of Energy Expenditure and Brown/Beige Thermogenic Activity by Interleukins: New Roles for Old Actors

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
María García ◽  
Patricia Pazos ◽  
Luis Lima ◽  
Carlos Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

Obesity rates and the burden of metabolic associated diseases are escalating worldwide Energy burning brown and inducible beige adipocytes in human adipose tissues (ATs) have attracted considerable attention due to their therapeutic potential to counteract the deleterious metabolic effects of nutritional overload and overweight. Recent research has highlighted the relevance of resident and recruited ATs immune cell populations and their signalling mediators, cytokines, as modulators of the thermogenic activity of brown and beige ATs. In this review, we first provide an overview of the developmental, cellular and functional heterogeneity of the AT organ, as well as reported molecular switches of its heat-producing machinery. We also discuss the key contribution of various interleukins signalling pathways to energy and metabolic homeostasis and their roles in the biogenesis and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Besides local actions, attention is also drawn to their influence in the central nervous system (CNS) networks governing energy expenditure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document