The effect of 3-methylindole on the quantity and functional quality of lung surfactant

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Kirkland ◽  
Tammy M. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Functional Quality

Acute bovine pulmonary edema is a naturally occurring lung disease caused by 3-methylindole (3MI), a ruminal fermentation product of tryptophan. Morphological and in vitro studies have suggested that 3MI causes abnormalities in phospholipid synthesis. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 3MI on the quantity and functional quality of surfactant using the goat as an experimental model. Following intravenous infusion of 3MI, goats were killed at 6-, 18-, and 30-h intervals. The lungs were removed and intracellular surfactant, in the form of lamellar bodies, and extracellular surfactant from alveolar lavage were quantified. 3MI treatment did cause modest changes in the lamellar body phospholipid pools, decreasing the quantity of phosphatidylcholine and the proportion of palmitate in this fraction. The quantity of lavage phospholipids was not significantly affected. There was an increase in the protein content of the lavage, reflecting the presence of edema. The functional quality of the surfactant isolated from the lavage fraction was tested in vitro using a pulsating bubble surfactometer. 3MI infusion decreased the ability of surfactant to lower the surface tension of an air bubble at maximum radius and during compression.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Inokulasi Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Silase Kulit Buah Kakao

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Muhammad Askari Zakariah ◽  
Ristianto Utomo ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Fibre Fraction

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixed culture inoculation into cocoa pods silage on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The four treatments were: 1 kg freshly harvested cocoa pods without inoculants as control (K); K + L. plantarum (KLp); K + S. cerevisiae (KSc); and K + L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixture (KLp+Sc) 0.1% dry matter, Cassava meal were added in all treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, and then fermented for 21 days. Parameters observed in current study were gas test production, ruminal fermentation parameter, and in vitro digestibility. The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant differences. Result showed that the mixed culture Lp+Sc inoculation increased (P<0.05) chemical quality of cocoa pods by reducing fibre fraction and increase NFE contents, increased degradation rate, degradation theory, reduced rumen pH, and propionate acid production, without affecting acetate to propionate ratio, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility of cocoa pod silage.

Gluten protein functionality in wheat flour processing: a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Gras ◽  
R. S. Anderssen ◽  
M. Keentok ◽  
F. Békés ◽  
R. Appels
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Protein Functionality ◽  
Gluten Protein ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wheat Flours ◽  
Insight Into

Gluten protein functionality remains the basis of any understanding of the end-product quality of wheat flours. Information about this functionality has been obtained by both in vivo and in vitro studies. Recent advances include structure/function studies of deletion mutants and transformed genotypes, where the genes incorporated were both naturally occurring genes and genes which have been desired to provide specific structural features. The contributions of these specific changes in structure to the rheology of the resulting doughs allow insight into the underlying physical processes that determine dough and end-product properties.

scholarly journals Methionine Hydroxy Analog Supplementation to Increase Feed Utilization for Indigenous Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono ◽  
Mulyono Mulyono ◽  
Widiyanto Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Efficiency

In the tropical area, productivity of ruminant has not optimized caused by the low quality of nutrition that leads to low-efficiency metabolism at the level of ruminal fermentation, post rumen digestibility, and intermediary metabolism. The study aimed to analyze effect of methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) on ruminal fermentation profiles of indigenous sheep specifically in the increase of ruminant productivity. In vitro utility test was conducted using rumen fluid of the indigenous sheep and sample of rational ration having a proportion of grass and concentrate 30%:70%, dry matter basis. The treatments implemented were three levels of MHA supplementation; T0: 0 g/day, T1: 3 g/day, and T2: 6 g/day. Variables measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), production of VFA, NH3, as well as total protein, and molar proportion of partial VFA of rumen fluid. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The 0.2% MHA supplementation increased OMD with the highest production of total protein was from 28.57 mg/g (T0) to 40.49 mg/g (T2) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the lowest ratio of acetate : propionate was from 2.74 (T0) to 2.33 (T2) (P<0.05). Supplementation of MHA up to 6 g/day concentrate increased the performance of fermentation and/or feed utility. 

Design of Leather Footwear for Diabetics Containing Chlohexidine Digluconate Microparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (03) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Fatih Yalcin ◽  
Huseyin Ata Karavana ◽  
Seda Rencber ◽  
Sinem Yaprak Karavana
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Shell Material ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

ChlorHexidine Digluconate [CHD] was encapsulated inside an ethylcellulose shell material [Aquacoat ECD], and then spray dried to produce mixed microparticles (MPs). The validity and functional quality of the resultant [CHD-MPs] were analyzed on vamp and lining leather which are used to manufacture shoes for diabetics. The morphology, efficiency of encapsulation and in vitro release characteristics of the [CHD-MPs] were optimized in order to impregnate [CHD-MPs] onto leather footwear for diabetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the [CHD-MPs] and the leathers treated with it. SEM images illustrated that the [CHD-MPs] were spherical, smooth in shape and adhered well to leather. In vitro CHD-release studies from its MPs, and for leather treated with it were performed in phosphate buffer saline at pH =7.2. There was an inherently controlled release behaviour of CHD for all the formulations on leather. Finally, microbiologic studies on leather treated with [CHD-MPs] were done. This study suggested that footwear containing [CHD- MPs] is/will improve the quality of daily life for diabetics. 

Dexamethasone increases adult rat lung surfactant lipids

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1665-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Young ◽  
R. Silbajoris
Keyword(s):  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Surfactant Lipid ◽  
Precocious Development

Prenatal administration of glucocorticoids stimulates epithelial cell maturation and induces a precocious development of pulmonary surfactant. The response of the adult lung to steroid administration is less well understood. We administered dexamethasone (2 mg X kg-1 X day-1) to adult male rats for 1 wk by daily subcutaneous injection. After pentobarbital anesthesia we lavaged the lungs and also isolated lamellar bodies from the tissue. Lipid analyses of the extracellular and intracellular surfactant compartments showed two- to fourfold greater amounts of total phospholipids and disaturated phosphatidylcholine compared with control. These changes were not found in kidney nor liver and were not present in plasma membrane, mitochondrial, or microsomal fractions from lungs. Morphometric analyses of the type II cells showed that anatomic measures of the lamellar body pool did not increase. We conclude that glucocorticoids have a significant effect to increase lung surfactant lipid pools of adult rat lungs by changing the phospholipid content of lamellar bodies, without changing lamellar body volume.

Inhibition of lung calcium-independent phospholipase A2 by surfactant protein A

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. L335-L341 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Fisher ◽  
C. Dodia ◽  
A. Chander
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Surfactant Protein A ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
Pla2 Activity ◽  
Body Protein

The effect of lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) on lung phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was investigated. SP-A was purified from bovine surfactant obtained by lung lavage. PLA2 was assayed using radiolabeled 1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in surfactant-like unilamellar liposomes with Ca(2+)-free acidic (pH 4) or 10 mM Ca2+, alkaline (pH 8.5) buffer. SP-A significantly inhibited Ca(2+)-independent acidic PLA2 of rat lung homogenate or isolated lamellar bodies but had no effect on the Ca(2+)-dependent alkaline enzyme. Lamellar body PLA2 was inhibited by 50% with 0.25 micrograms SP-A/microgram lamellar body protein. Similar inhibition by SP-A was observed when 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoyl PC (POPC) was the substrate. Binding assay showed binding of 125I-labeled SP-A to DPPC but not to POPC, indicating that removal of substrate was not the mechanism for inhibition of the enzyme by SP-A. Chemical reduction or alkylation of SP-A abolished its inhibitory effect on PLA2 activity. Inactivation of endogenous SP-A in isolated lamellar bodies or surfactant increased Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 activity in these fractions. The presence of SP-A in liposomes stimulated the uptake of DPPC by isolated granular pneumocytes in primary culture but significantly inhibited its degradation. These results indicate that the Ca(2+)-independent acidic PLA2 has a role in the metabolism of internalized surfactant phospholipid and that SP-A can modulate the activity of this enzyme.

scholarly journals Valoración De La Composición Química De Fermentación Y Degradabilidad Ruminal In Vitro De Dietas Con Diferentes Inclusiones De Harina De Banano Y Urea

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Víctor Godoy Espinoza ◽  
Juan Avellaneda Cevallos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Unit ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Banana Flour ◽  
Mean Differences

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical of in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets with different inclusions of banana flour and urea. The assessment and in vitro fermentation were performed in the laboratory of nutrition and metabolism Rumiologia Faculty of Animal Science. In the first phase the chemical composition is performed in the second stage fermentation in vitro degradability It was a desing completely random was applied, with four diets and four replications; repetition consisted of a bottle or container or in vitro digestibility. Each bottle will be an experimental unit represent a repetition. Data were analyzed using the statistical package procedure Eva DE-A-Dva and mean differences were compared using the Tukey test (p <0.05). The degradability of dry matter (DM) of the diet obtained in this study confirm the disappearance of nutrients as time passes (2, 6, 14, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours) reaching values above 70% digestibility which guarantees the quality of the diet. The pH in the rumen fermentation in vitro obtained in this research on diet with inclusions of banana flour and urea from 0 to 6 and 6 to 72 hours is not dropped to dangerous levels of critical thresholds for celulolisis.

The use of faecal Δ13C values to improve the reliability of estimates of diet quality when sampling tropical pastures with oesophageal fistulated cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Aluminium Copper ◽  
Apparent Relationship

Summary. The nutritive value of extrusa samples collected from oesophageal fistulated cattle can be an unreliable indicator of the quality of the diet of resident cattle grazing the same pasture. This is largely because the botanical composition of the extrusa from 15–30 min of grazing may differ from that of the whole diet of the resident cattle. A methodology is described whereby the reliability of some attributes of diet quality can be improved by correcting for differences between the C3/C4 proportions of extrusa samples and the dietary C3/C4 proportions of resident cattle derived from their faecal δ13C values. Examples from 23 paddock samplings covering 2 sites, 3 experiments and 6 sampling occasions, are used to illustrate the application of the methodology. Carbon ratios (δ13C) of the naturally occurring isotopes 12C and 13C were used as an index of legume (C3)/grass (C4) proportions in extrusa samples and in the diet of resident cattle assuming dietary δ13C = faecal δ13C + 1. Regression relationships were developed relating the nitrogen, mineral and digestibility levels of extrusa samples to extrusa δ13C values. Where appropriate, these relationships were then used to estimate the level of these attributes in the diet of resident cattle from their estimated dietary δ13C values. Nitrogen and calcium concentrations in extrusa were usually closely related to legume content (δ13C) so that adjustments were considered very advantageous with average RSDs of 0.08 and 0.09% for calcium and nitrogen respectively. Boron and sulfur concentrations were also related to legume content but only at 1 of 2 sites. There was no apparent relationship between legume content and the concentrations of aluminium, copper, magnesium, manganese, selenium, titanium and zinc at either site. In general, in vitro digestibility of extrusa samples was poorly related to legume content. The use of alkane technology is suggested as a more versatile alternative to the carbon ratio technique and the benefits and limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol in rat lung surfactant and different pools of pneumocytes type II

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schlame ◽  
C Casals ◽  
B Rüstow ◽  
H Rabe ◽  
D Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Subcellular Compartmentation ◽  
Species Pattern ◽  
Pneumocytes Type Ii

It is not yet completely understood how a cell is able to export specific phospholipids, like dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dipalmitoyl-PC), which is secreted by pneumocytes type II, into pulmonary surfactant. The acyl species composition of [3H]PC which was synthesized in type II cells in the presence of [2-3H]glycerol resembled the species composition of PC localized in intracellular pneumocyte membranes. This species pattern was different from the pattern of PC of lamellar bodies, i.e., intracellularly stored surfactant, by a higher proportion of dipalmitoyl-PC mainly at expense of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC. Lamellar body PC in turn showed the same species distribution as surfactant PC. The data suggest that subcellular compartmentation and/or intracellular transfer of PC destined to storage in lamellar bodies, but not secretion of lamellar bodies, involves an enrichment of dipalmitoyl-PC and a depletion of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC. In contrast, the acyl species pattern of phosphatidylglycerol does not seem to undergo gross changes on the path from synthesis to secretion.

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