Intramuscular substrate depletion and fatigability of soleus grafts in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Côté ◽  
Timothy P. White ◽  
John A. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Triglyceride Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between oxidative capacity, substrate depletion, and fatigability of muscle grafts in situ. Isometric contractile properties and fatigability were measured in stabilized grafts and control muscles from age-matched rats. Intramuscular glycogen and triglyceride concentrations were measured before and after the fatigue protocol. Even though stabilized soleus grafts have a reduced oxidative capacity compared with control soleus muscles, no difference was observed between groups in terms of resistance to fatigue. Glycogen concentrations did not decrease significantly during the fatigue protocol in either group. Compared with control muscles, the triglyceride concentration in the grafts was significantly higher before the fatigue protocol and it decreased significantly more following the fatigue protocol.

Effect of sex on perception of rectosigmoid stimuli in irritable bowel syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R277-R284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chang ◽  
Emeran A. Mayer ◽  
Jennifer S. Labus ◽  
Max Schmulson ◽  
Oh Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, the relationship between sex and sensitivity to visceral stimuli is incompletely understood. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of sex on perceptual responses to visceral stimulation in IBS. Fifty-eight IBS patients (mean age 42 ± 1 yr; 34 men, 24 women) and 26 healthy controls (mean age 38 ± 3 yr; 9 men, 17 women) underwent barostat-assisted distensions of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Rectal discomfort thresholds were measured using a randomized, phasic distension paradigm before and after repeated noxious sigmoid stimulation (SIG, 60-mmHg pulses). Sex had a significant effect on rectal discomfort thresholds. Women with IBS were the most sensitive (lower thresholds [27 ± 2.7 mmHg] and higher ratings), with significantly lower rectal discomfort thresholds compared with men with IBS (38 ± 2.3 mmHg) and healthy women who were the least sensitive (41.9 ± 3.2 mmHg; both P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in rectal discomfort thresholds between healthy men (34 ± 4.3 mmHg) and men with IBS. Across both IBS and control groups, women demonstrated a significant lowering of discomfort thresholds after noxious sigmoid stimulation ( P < 0.01), while men did not. Sex significantly influences perceptual sensitivity to rectosigmoid distension. Women show greater perceptual responses to this paradigm.

scholarly journals Saúde on-line: impacto na prevalência de obesidade e satisfação corporal de adolescentes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Régis Jhonatan Morais Gonçalves ◽  
Ramon Azevedo Silva Castro ◽  
Vinícius Silva Belo ◽  
Luana Santos Vital Alves Coelho ◽  
Erika Barbosa Lagares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Health Education Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar o efeito de ação de educação em saúde, conduzida pelo Facebook, na prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e na satisfação corporal de adolescentes, bem como a relação de concordância entre estas medidas e as diferenças em adolescentes. Método: estudo quantitativo, ensaio não controlado, em que 69 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, dos 13 aos 19 anos, foram avaliados em 4 meses quanto ao estado nutricional e percepção corporal, antes e depois de intervenção de educação em saúde sobre nutrição. Resultados: 20,8% estavam com excesso de peso, 20,3% se percebiam com excesso de peso e 36,2% apresentavam insatisfação corporal. Houve maior prevalência de insatisfação corporal entre adolescentes do sexo feminino com sobrepeso/obesidade. Conclusão: não se evidenciou impacto estatisticamente significativo da estratégia de educação em saúde executada na prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e na satisfação com a imagem corporal. Discutem-se os fatores associados com o baixo impacto da intervenção e a importância de estudos dessa natureza, visto que a obesidade é multideterminada, o que implica a necessidade de que abordagens utilizadas para a prevenção e o controle desse agravo sejam avaliadas quanto a seus sucessos e insucessos para que sejam aprimoradas em estudos futuros. Descritores: Adolescente; Antropometria; Imagem corporal; Rede social; Educação em saúde; Obesidade.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of a health education action, conducted by Facebook, on the prevalence of overweight/obesity and adolescent body satisfaction, as well as the relationship between these measures and differences among adolescents. Method: quantitative study, uncontrolled trial, in which 69 adolescents of both sexes, from 13 to 19 years old, were evaluated in four months regarding nutritional status and body perception, before and after health education intervention on nutrition. Results: 20.8% were overweight, 20.3% perceived as overweight and 36.2% presented body dissatisfaction. There was a higher prevalence of body dissatisfaction among overweight / obese female adolescents. Conclusion: there was no statistically significant impact of the health education strategy, implemented in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and satisfaction with body image. The factors associated with the low impact of the intervention and the importance of studies of this nature were discussed, since obesity is multidetermined, which implies that the approaches used for the prevention and control of this condition should be evaluated for their successes and failures to be improved in future studies. Descriptors: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Image; Social Networking; Health Education; Obesity.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de acción de educación en salud conducida por el Facebook en la prevalencia de sobrepeso / obesidad y en la satisfacción corporal de adolescentes, así como la relación de concordancia entre estas medidas y las diferencias en adolescentes. Método: el estudio cuantitativo, ensayo no controlado, en el que 69 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de 13 a 19 años, fueron evaluados en 4 meses en cuanto al estado nutricional y percepción corporal, antes y después de intervención de educación en salud sobre nutrición. Resultados: 20,8% estaban con exceso de peso, el 20,3% se percibía con exceso de peso y el 36,2% presentaba insatisfacción corporal. Hubo mayor prevalencia de insatisfacción corporal entre adolescentes con sobrepeso / obesidad. Conclusión: no se evidenció impacto estadísticamente significativo de la estrategia de educación en salud ejecutada en la prevalencia de sobrepeso / obesidad y en la satisfacción con la imagen corporal. Se discuten los factores asociados con el bajo impacto de la intervención y la importancia de estudios de esa naturaleza, ya que la obesidad es multideterminada, lo que implica la necesidad de que enfoques utilizados para la prevención y control de ese agravamiento sean evaluados en cuanto a sus éxitos y fracasos para que se perfeccionen en estudios futuros. Descriptores: Adolescente; Antropometría; Imagem Corporal; Red Social; Educación em Salud; Obesidad.

Caffeine and length dependence of staircase potentiation in skeletal muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilson E Rassier ◽  
L Aaron Tubman ◽  
Brian R MacIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Muscle Twitch ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Length Dependence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Isometric Twitch ◽  
The Relationship

Skeletal muscle sensitivity to Ca2+ is greater at long lengths, and this results in an optimal length for twitch contractions that is longer than optimal length for tetanic contractions. Caffeine abolishes this length dependence of Ca2+ sensitivity. Muscle length (ML) also affects the degree of staircase potentiation. Since staircase potentiation is apparently caused by an increased Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilaments, we tested the hypothesis that caffeine depresses the length dependence of staircase potentiation. In situ isometric twitch contractions of rat gastrocnemius muscle before and after 10 s of 10-Hz stimulation were analyzed at seven different lengths to evaluate the length dependence of staircase potentiation. In the absence of caffeine, length dependence of Ca2+ sensitivity was observed, and the degree of potentiation after 10-Hz stimulation showed a linear decrease with increased length (DT = 1.47 - 0.05ML, r2 = 0.95, where DT is developed tension). Length dependence of Ca2+ sensitivity was decreased by caffeine when caffeine was administered in amounts estimated to result in 0.5 and 0.75 mM concentrations. Furthermore, the negative slope of the relationship between staircase potentiation and muscle length was diminished at the lower caffeine dose, and the slope was not different from zero after the higher dose (DT = 1.53 - 0.009ML, r2 = 0.43). Our study shows that length dependence of Ca2+ sensitivity in intact skeletal muscle is diminished by caffeine. Caffeine also suppressed the length dependence of staircase potentiation, suggesting that the mechanism of this length dependence may be closely related to the mechanism for length dependence of Ca2+ sensitivity.Key words: skeletal muscle, twitch contraction, Ca2+ sensitivity, muscle length, staircase.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN FIGUR OTORITAS TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL KEBERSIHAN TANGAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Amira Maulida Putri
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Authority Figures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legitimacy Status

Background: Nurses’ obedience in the implementation of Standard Operational Procedures of hand hygiene is an effort in preventing phlebitis in the hospital. Report on surveillance data by Infection Prevention and Control or Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro 2017 mentioned the incidence of phlebitis in the Inpatient Installation reached 2.73%. One cause of high rates of phlebitis is incorrect nurse’s hand-washing technique according to the procedures.Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between status of location from RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro, personal responsibility, legitimacy, status, and proximity of authority figures and nurses’ obedience to Standards Operational Procedures of hand hygiene before and after intravenous installation.Method: This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional framework. This study was conducted in April 2018 at in-patient installation of RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro by inviting 52 nurses chosen with stratified random sampling.Results: It was found that there was a significant correlation between personal responsibility (p = 0.020), status (0.015) and proximity of authority figure (p = 0.000) and nurses’ obedience to the implementation of Standard Operational Procedures of hand hygiene before and after intravenous installation in in-patient installation of RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the majority of the nurses did not follow hand hygiene stages well. The hospital needs to improve nurses’ personal responsibility, authority figure status, and rapport of authority figure.Keywords: hand hygiene, nurse obedience, Standard Operational Procedures

Fatigue and contraction of slow and fast muscles in hypokinetic/hypodynamic rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Fell ◽  
L. B. Gladden ◽  
J. M. Steffen ◽  
X. J. Musacchia
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
And Control ◽  
Isotonic Contractions ◽  
Slow And Fast Muscles

This investigation examined the effects of hypokinesia/hypodynamia (H/H) on fatigability and contractile properties of rat soleus (S) and gastrocnemius (G) muscles. Whole-body suspension for 1 wk was used to eliminate hindlimb load-bearing functions and simultaneously permit voluntary isotonic contractions. Train stimulations (45/min, 16 min) resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) faster rates of fatigue to lower asymptotes in G from H/H rats. Fatigue in the S was minimal at this stimulation frequency and differences between H/H and control animals were not significant. Contractile properties (twitch and tetanic) were measured before and after train stimulations. H/H suspension resulted in an increased twitch tension in G. However, H/H did not change train or tetanic tensions per gram or other G contractile properties. Peak twitch, train, and tetanic tensions, time to peak tension, one-half relaxation time, and twitch and tetanic peak rates of tension development and decline were unchanged by H/H in S muscles. These results indicate that 1 wk of H/H-induced muscle atrophy significantly increases fatigability in G but does not effect contractile properties of fast-twitch (G) or slow-twitch (S) muscles.

Ipsilateral and contralateral responses following unimanual fatigue with and without illusionary mirror visual feedback

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Corbin Carr ◽  
Michael Bemben ◽  
Matt S. Stock ◽  
Jason M DeFreitas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Interhemispheric Communication ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Mirror Visual Feedback ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Handgrip Contractions

Illusionary mirror visual feedback alters interhemispheric communication and influences cross-limb interactions. Combining forceful unimanual contractions with the mirror illusion is a convenient way to provoke robust alterations within ipsilateral motor networks. It is unknown, however, if the mirror illusion affects cross-limb fatigability. We examine this concept by comparing the ipsilateral and contralateral handgrip force and electromyographic (EMG) responses following unimanual fatigue with and without illusionary mirror visual feedback. Participants underwent three experimental sessions (Mirror, No-mirror, and Control), performing a unimanual fatigue protocol with and without illusionary mirror visual feedback. Maximal handgrip force and EMG activity were measured before and after each session for both hands during maximal unimanual and bimanual contractions. The associated EMG activity from the inactive forearm during unimanual contraction was also examined. The novel findings demonstrate greater relative fatigability during bimanual versus unimanual contraction following unimanual fatigue (-31.8% versus -23.4%, p < 0.01), and the mirror illusion attenuates this difference (-30.3% versus -26.3%, p = 0.169). The results show no evidence for a cross-over effect of fatigue with (+0.62%, -2.72%) or without (+0.26%, -2.49%) the mirror illusion during unimanual or bimanual contraction. The mirror illusion resulted in significantly lower levels of associated EMG activity in the contralateral forearm. There were no sex differences for any of the measures of fatigability. These results demonstrate the mirror illusion influences contraction-dependent fatigue during maximal handgrip contractions. Alterations in facilitatory and inhibitory transcallosal drive likely explain these findings.

Teaching soil science: strategies and guarantees for the future .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bertha Reyes-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Pedagogical Intervention ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the current work was to propose an approach to the interdisciplinary teaching of science that would generally increase interest in the study and knowledge of science, and more specifically in the area of soil science. The paper outlines how this pedagogical proposal was carried out in two schools, working with children studying the 5th and 6th courses of Primary Education. This was achieved through a methodological process that made it possible to both rank children’s knowledge from basic to complex, and to pedagogically organise the whole action using the same procedure. The approach was used to establish the different stages of knowledge construction, whose levels were increasingly complex in terms of relationships, thereby drawing nearer to a perception of the systematic reality of the Earth and helping students to understand that soil is a natural resource that is essential to life. This paper presents qualitative information corresponding to the periods before and after the pedagogical intervention, and details how the children in the 5th and 6th grades of Primary Education at two different schools conceptualise soil. The paper also presents the way in which they perceive the relationship between soil and its immediate environment. The impact of the pedagogical proposal was assessed through comparisons between the children from the working and control groups which were based on differences in the assimilation of concepts relating to the soil system. The results clearly show that when applying the proposed educational approach, it was possible for the work groups to achieve a more complex construction of knowledge relating to the establishment and functions of the soil concept.

Comparison of In Situ and Laboratory Testing for the Characterization of Old Timber Beams before and after Intervention

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Piazza ◽  
Mariapaola Riggio ◽  
Roberto Tomasi ◽  
Ivan Giongo
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strengthening Technique ◽  
And Control

In this paper an investigation campaign, carried out in occasion of the restoration of a timber floor in the Belasi Castle (Trentino, Italy), is reported. In order to validate a testing procedure for the calibration and control of an innovative wood-wood strengthening technique, results of tests performed in situ on the structural elements, in both the original and the repaired condition, have been compared with those obtained in laboratory on some dismantled beams. For the characterization of the material decay, both local mechanical and global vibrational testing have been carried out. For the mechanical characterization of the beams, before and after repair, direct static bending tests have been performed, with distributed loads, on site, and according to standard four-points loading schemes, in laboratory.

Influence of Performance Level on Exercise-Induced Arterial Hypoxemia During Prolonged and Successive Exercise in Triathletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Galy ◽  
Olivier Hue ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
Alain Boussana ◽  
Anis Chaouachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Diffusion Limitation ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:To study the relationship between performance and exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH), 5 internationally ranked (INT) and 8 regionally ranked (REG) triathletes performed cycle-run successions (CR) and control runs (R) in competitionlike conditions: at ≍75% VO2max.Methods:Ventilatory parameters and oxyhemoglo-bin saturation (SpO2) data were collected continuously. Arteriolized partial pressure in O2 (PaO2) and alveolar ventilation (VA) were measured before and after cycling (CRcycle), the successive run (CRrun), and R. Pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLco) was measured at rest and 10 minutes post-CR. Training and short-distance triathlon data were collected.Results:INT showed signifcantly greater experience than REG in competition years (P > .05), training regimen (P > .05), and swimming (P > .05), and cycling (P > .05) volumes; running showed a trend (P < .06). Cycling, running, and total triathlon performances were significantly higher in INT than REG (P > .01). SpO2 during CR dropped significantly more in INT than in REG. Both groups showed significant inverse correlations between the magnitude of the SpO2 change from CRcy-cle to CRrun and the triathlon running time (r = −0.784; P < .05 and r = −0.699; P < .05; respectively). When compared with CRcycle, PaO2 significantly decreased and VA significantly increased after CRrun and R in both groups (P < .01). DLco significantly dropped between pre- and postexercise in CR and R with no between-group difference (P < .05).Conclusions:EIAH was aggravated in higher performers during simulated cycle-run segments, related to longer experience and heavier training regimens. Possibly, relative hypoventilation caused this aggravated EIAH in INT, although pulmonary diffusion limitation was observed in both groups. Beyond EIAH severity, the magnitude of SpO2 variations during the cycle-run transition may affect triathlon running performance.

scholarly journals Impacts of AOD Correction and Spatial Scale on the Correlation between High-Resolution AOD from Gaofen-1 Satellite and In Situ PM2.5 Measurements in Shenzhen City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Wu ◽  
Jingtian Liang ◽  
Liguo Zhou ◽  
Fei Yao ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Shenzhen City ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Relationship

Satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) is widely used to estimate surface PM2.5 concentrations. Most AOD products have relatively low spatial resolutions (i.e., ≥1 km). Consequently, insufficient research exists on the relationship between high-resolution (i.e., <1 km) AOD and PM2.5 concentrations. Taking Shenzhen City, China as the study area, we derived AOD at the 16-m spatial resolution for the period 2015–2017 based on Gaofen-1 (GF-1) satellite images and the Dark Target (DT) algorithm. Then, we extracted AOD at spatial scales ranging from 40 m to 5000 m and applied vertical and humidity corrections. We analyzed the correlation between AOD and PM2.5 concentrations, and the impacts of AOD correction and spatial scale on the correlation. It was found that the DT-derived GF-1 AOD at different spatial scales had statistically significant correlations with surface PM2.5 concentrations, and the AOD corrections strengthened the correlations. The correlation coefficients (R) between AOD at different spatial scales and PM2.5 concentrations were 0.234–0.329 and 0.340–0.423 before and after AOD corrections, respectively. In spring, summer, autumn, and winter, PM2.5 concentrations had the best correlations with humidity-corrected AOD, uncorrected AOD, vertical and humidity-corrected AOD, and uncorrected AOD, respectively, indicating a distinct seasonal variation of the aerosol characteristics. At spatial scales of 1–5 km, AOD at finer spatial scales generally had higher correlations with PM2.5 concentrations. However, at spatial scales <1 km, the correlations fluctuated irregularly, which could be attributed to scale mismatches between AOD and PM2.5 measurements. Thus, 1 km appears to be the optimum spatial scale for DT-derived AOD to maximize the correlation with PM2.5 concentrations. It is also recommended to aggregate very high-resolution DT-derived AOD to an appropriate medium resolution (e.g., 1 km) before matching them with in situ PM2.5 measurements in regional air pollution studies.

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