Carboxyhemoglobinemia, polycythemia, cardiomegaly, and cardiovascular function in the anesthetized rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2205-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Penney ◽  
Michael S. Baylerian
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Index Stroke

The effects of carbon monoxide (CO), polycythemia (PC), and cardiomegaly (CM) on cardiovascular function were investigated in adult rats in which the latter two conditions were induced by 500 ppm CO inhalation for 5–6 weeks. Using an anesthetized open-chest preparation, these rats were compared with normal rats. With CO + PC + CM present, resting cardiac index, stroke index, stroke work, and minute work were elevated (heart rate also in the conscious state), while left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVDP) was normal. With PC + CM after CO washout, cardiac index and stroke index returned to normal at normal LVDP. Minute work, peripheral resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure, however, remained above normal. With CM alone, minute work, +dP/dtmax, +dF/dtmax, peripheral resistance, blood pressure, and LVDP declined from the condition with PC + CM. Although most cardiovascular parameters increased in the three conditions above with acutely increased LVDP, only with CM alone was performance augmentation normal. The results (i) reveal several characteristics of the hemodynamic response to chronic carboxyhemoglobinemia, (ii) suggest that the transient hypertension attending CO elimination in the presence of PC results from rapid reversal of peripheral vasodilatation, (iii) demonstrate decreased cardiac functional reserve with CO and (or) polycythemia upon preload challenge, and (iv) provide evidence for the benign nature of CO-induced cardiomegaly alone, on heart function.

Cardiovascular Functions Under Chloralose-Urethane and 21-Hydroxypregnane-3,20 Dione Sodium Succinate (Viadril)

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Greisheimer ◽  
Dorothy W. Ellis ◽  
George H. Stewart ◽  
Lydia Makarenko ◽  
M. J. Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiovascular Functions

Fifty-five determinations of cardiovascular functions were made on eight dogs under chloralose-urethane anesthesia and forty-one on six dogs under 21-hydroxypregnane-3,20 dione sodium succinate (Viadril). No preanesthetic medication was used. Cardiac output was determined by the dye dilution technique, using the cuvette oximeter. Blood pressure was determined by strain gauge. The mean values found under chloralose-urethane were: cardiac index 4.08, mean blood pressure 146 mm Hg, peripheral resistance 5709 dynes/sec/cm–5, heart rate 149 beats/min. and stroke index 27 cc. The mean values found under 21-hydroxypregnane-3, 20 dione sodium succinate were: cardiac index 5.15, mean blood pressure 104 mm Hg, peripheral resistance 3997 dynes/sec/cm–5, heart rate 172 beats/min. and stroke index 29 cc. When successive determinations were made within a short period of time, the cardiac index and stroke index increased, peripheral resistance decreased and blood pressure and heart rate remained fairly steady.

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF RAPID HEMORRHAGE ON HEMODYNAMICS IN THE DOG

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Russell A. Waud ◽  
Douglas R. Waud
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Peripheral Resistance

Dogs were anesthetized by the intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital. Viscosity, hematocrit, blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke output, cardiac output, heart rate, peripheral resistance, red blood cell count, blood volume/body surface area, cell volume/area, plasma volume/area, plasma protein, hemoglobin, specific gravity of whole blood, cell size, color index, and sedimentation rate were determined in 16 dogs, before and following hemorrhage, and in seven controls. The following points were demonstrated: following hemorrhage the viscosity, hematocrit, blood pressure, stroke output, minute output, blood volume, and cell volume were markedly decreased. The decrease in blood volume, by limiting the venous return, was probably the cause of the decreased minute output and fall in blood pressure; this, by reducing the capillary flow, deprived the tissues of an adequate supply of oxygen. There was no significant change in the heart rate. The total peripheral resistance (T.P.R.) was greatly increased. The fall in hematocrit indicates a hemodilution which was probably the main factor in reducing the viscosity. It would appear that the decreased blood volume was the primary cause of the fall in blood pressure following hemorrhage and that a lowering of viscosity was not a large factor. There was no significant change following hemorrhage in the cardiac index, color index, cell size, white cell count, specific gravity of plasma, or sedimentation rate.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic and autonomic changes induced by Ironman: prediction of competition time by blood pressure variability

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1728-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerfried Gratze ◽  
Richard Rudnicki ◽  
Wolfgang Urban ◽  
Harald Mayer ◽  
Alois Schlögl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Autonomic Changes

We hypothesized that the extreme endurance exercise of an Ironman competition would lead to long-standing hemodynamic and autonomic changes. We investigated also the possibility of predicting competition performance from baseline hemodynamic and autonomic parameters. We have investigated 27 male athletes before competition, 1 h after, and then for the following week after the competition. The Task Force monitor was used to measure beat-to-beat hemodynamic and autonomic parameters during supine rest and active standing. Heart rate ( P < 0.001) was increased, and stroke index ( P = 0.011), systolic blood pressure ( P = 0.004), diastolic blood pressure ( P < 0.001), total peripheral resistance index ( P < 0.001), and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity ( P < 0.001) were decreased after the competition. The 0.05- to 0.17-Hz band of heart rate and blood pressure variability was increased ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), the 0.17- to 0.40-Hz band of heart rate interval variability was decreased after the competition ( P < 0.001). All parameters returned to baseline values 3 days after the competition. After the competition, the autonomic response to orthostasis was significantly impaired. The 0.05- to 0.17-Hz band of diastolic blood pressure variability before competition and weekly net exercise training, but not the other hemodynamic and autonomic parameters, were related to competition time in multivariate regression analysis (multiple r = 0.70, P < 0.001). The marked hemodynamic and autonomic changes after an ultraendurance race, which are compatible with myocardial depression in the face of sympathetic activation and reduction of afterload, return to baseline after only 1–3 days. Because the 0.05- to 0.17-Hz band of diastolic blood pressure variability contributes to the prediction of competition time, the analysis of blood pressure variability in the frequency domain deserves further study for the prediction of endurance capacity.

Systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of angiotensin-(1–7) in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. H1985-H1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walkyria O. Sampaio ◽  
Antônio A. S. Nascimento ◽  
Robson A. S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Potent Effect

The systemic and regional hemodynamics effects of ANG-(1–7) were examined in urethane-anesthetized rats. The blood flow distribution (kidneys, skin, mesentery, lungs, spleen, brain, muscle, and adrenals), cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were investigated by using fluorescent microspheres. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded from the brachial artery. ANG-(1–7) infusion (110 fmol · min−1 · 10 min−1 iv) significantly increased blood flow to the kidney (5.10 ± 1.07 to 8.30 ± 0.97 ml · min−1 · g−1), mesentery (0.73 ± 0.16 to 1.17 ± 0.49 ml · min−1 · g−1), brain (1.32 ± 0.44 to 2.18 ± 0.85 ml · min−1 · g−1), and skin (0.07 ± 0.02 to 0.18 ± 0.07 ml · min−1 · g−1) and the vascular conductance in these organs. ANG-(1–7) also produced a significant increase in cardiac index (30%) and a decrease in total peripheral resistance (2.90 ± 0.55 to 2.15 ± 0.28 mmHg · ml−1 · min · 100 g). Blood flow to the spleen, muscle, lungs, and adrenals, as well as the blood pressure and heart rate, were not altered by the ANG-(1–7) infusion. The selective ANG-(1–7) antagonist A-779 reduced the blood flow in renal, cerebral, mesenteric, and cutaneous beds and blocked the ANG-(1–7)-induced vasodilatation in the kidney, mesentery, and skin, suggesting a significant role of endogenous ANG-(1–7) in these territories. The effects of ANG-(1–7) on the cerebral blood flow, cardiac index, systolic volume, and total peripheral resistance were partially attenuated by A-779. A high dose of ANG-(1–7) (11 pmol · min−1 · 10 min−1) caused an opposite effect of that produced by the low dose. Our results show for the first time that ANG-(1–7) has a previously unsuspected potent effect in the blood flow distribution and systemic hemodynamics.

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF RAPID HEMORRHAGE ON HEMODYNAMICS IN THE DOG

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Russell A. Waud ◽  
Douglas R. Waud
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Peripheral Resistance

Dogs were anesthetized by the intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital. Viscosity, hematocrit, blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke output, cardiac output, heart rate, peripheral resistance, red blood cell count, blood volume/body surface area, cell volume/area, plasma volume/area, plasma protein, hemoglobin, specific gravity of whole blood, cell size, color index, and sedimentation rate were determined in 16 dogs, before and following hemorrhage, and in seven controls. The following points were demonstrated: following hemorrhage the viscosity, hematocrit, blood pressure, stroke output, minute output, blood volume, and cell volume were markedly decreased. The decrease in blood volume, by limiting the venous return, was probably the cause of the decreased minute output and fall in blood pressure; this, by reducing the capillary flow, deprived the tissues of an adequate supply of oxygen. There was no significant change in the heart rate. The total peripheral resistance (T.P.R.) was greatly increased. The fall in hematocrit indicates a hemodilution which was probably the main factor in reducing the viscosity. It would appear that the decreased blood volume was the primary cause of the fall in blood pressure following hemorrhage and that a lowering of viscosity was not a large factor. There was no significant change following hemorrhage in the cardiac index, color index, cell size, white cell count, specific gravity of plasma, or sedimentation rate.

Hemodynamic responses to acute carboxyhemoglobinemia in the rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. H320-H327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Kanten ◽  
D. G. Penney ◽  
K. Francisco ◽  
J. E. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stroke Work

The effects of carbon monoxide on the hemodynamics of the adult rat were investigated. A number of parameters were measured using an open-chest, chloralose-urethan anesthetized preparation. Our experiments showed this anesthetic agent to have several advantages over pentobarbital sodium. One group inhaled 150 ppm CO for 0.5-2 h, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) reaching 16%. Heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, dF/dtmax (aortic), and stroke volume rose significantly; mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and left ventricular systolic pressure fell, whereas stroke work, left ventricular dP/dtmax, and stroke power changed little. These effects were evident at a HbCO saturation as low as 7.5% (0.5 h). A second group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 5-48 h, HbCO reaching 35-38%. The same parameters changed in the same direction as in the first group, with mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance remaining depressed, while heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume remained elevated. Heart rate and arterial systolic pressure were also monitored in conscious rats; rats in one group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 24 h, and rats in a second group were injected with a bubble of pure CO ip. In both cases heart rate was sharply elevated and blood pressure depressed as HbCO saturation increased. Both parameters recovered on CO washout. There was no significant difference between the response to inhaled vs. injected CO.

Cardiopulmonary Blood Volume in Borderline Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Safar ◽  
Y. A. Weiss ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
R. F. Frackowiak ◽  
P. L. Milliez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Index Stroke

1. A haemodynamic study which included estimation of cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV), total blood volume (TBV) and vascular reactivity to noradrenaline was performed in seventeen borderline and sixteen permanent hypertensive patients. 2. Borderline hypertensive patients had higher values of cardiac index, stroke index and heart rate when compared with the permanent hypertensive patients, and lower values of blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. 3. The CPBV/TBV ratio was significantly higher in borderline hypertensive patients. In that group, this ratio was directly correlated with cardiac index, stroke index and the pressor dose of noradrenaline (P < 0.01). 4. In permanent hypertensive patients, none of these correlations was observed. Only the total blood volume was correlated directly with cardiac index and inversely with total peripheral resistance. 5. The study suggests that a redistribution of intravascular volume from peripheral veins to the cardiopulmonary capacitance bed occurs in borderline hypertension when compared with permanent hypertension and that hypertension is related to a neural mechanism in the borderline state and to a volume mechanism in the permanent state.

Diastolic pressure and peripheral resistance during stellate ganglion stimulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Freis ◽  
Jay N. Cohn ◽  
Thomas E. Liptak ◽  
Aristide G. B. Kovach
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Left Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The mechanism of the diastolic pressure elevation occurring during left stellate ganglion stimulation was investigated. The cardiac output rose considerably, the heart rate remained essentially unchanged, and the total peripheral resistance fell moderately. The diastolic rise appeared to be due to increased blood flow rather than to any active changes in resistance vessels.

Characterization of baroreflex impairment in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. R1132-R1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Olivier ◽  
R. B. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Rapid Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Reflex Control

Open-loop baroreflex responses were evaluated in eight conscious dogs before and during congestive heart failure to determine the effects of failure on baroreflex control of blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. Heart failure was induced by rapid ventricular pacing. Baroreflex function was determined by calculation of the range and gain of the open-loop stimulus-response relationships for the effect of carotid sinus pressure on blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. The range and gain of blood pressure responses were substantially reduced as early as 3 days after induction of heart failure (161 +/- 6 to 99 +/- 8 mmHg and -2.7 +/- 0.3 to -1.5 +/- 0.1, respectively) and remained depressed for the 21 days of heart failure. This depression in baroreflex control of blood pressure was associated with similar depressions in reflex range and gain for heart rate (125 +/- 9 to 78 +/- 11 beats/min and -2.05 +/- 0.2 to -1.16 +/- 0.2 beats/min, respectively) and cardiac output (1.74 +/- 0.2 to 0.46 +/- 0.2 l/min and -0.81 +/- 0.02 to -0.027 +/- 0.008 l/min, respectively). The group-averaged range and gain for reflex control of vascular resistance were not altered by heart failure. In three dogs, discontinuation of rapid ventricular pacing led to resolution of heart failure within 7 days and partial restoration of the range and gain of reflex control of blood pressure. We conclude that heart failure reversibly depresses baroreflex control of blood pressure principally through a concurrent reduction in reflex control of cardiac output, whereas reflex control of vascular resistance is not consistently affected.

scholarly journals Intravenous Nitroglycerin during Surgery for Coronary Artery Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Kaye ◽  
W. Dimai ◽  
R. Gattiker
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravenous Nitroglycerin ◽  
Coronary Artery Surgery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Episode

Intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin decreased systemic systolic, pulmonary systolic and wedge pressures in β-blocked patients anaesthetised for coronary artery surgery with high dose of fentanyl without changing heart rate, diastolic pressure, or cardiac index, thus leading to an improvement in endocardial viability ratio. The use of a nitroglycerin bolus to abort an acute myocardial ischaemic episode is described.

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