Peptidergic inputs to sympathetic preganglionic neurons

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1619-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa L. Krukoff
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Cell Column ◽  
Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Preganglionic Neurons ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Neurophysin Ii

This paper presents data showing that the sympathetic autonomic areas of the cat thoracolumbar spinal cord contain nerve terminals and fibres with immunoreactivity for at least seven neuropeptides. The distribution in the intermediolateral cell column of the terminals and fibres which contain enkephalin-, neuropeptide Y-, neurotensin-, substance P-, and neurophysin II-like immunoreactivity (ENK, NPY, NT, SP, and NP2, respectively) suggests that these peptides are involved in more generalized functions of the autonomic nervous system. On the other hand, peaks in density of immunoreactivity at certain levels suggest that different levels of influence of sympathetic preganglionic neurons by the various peptides may occur along the length of the thoracolumbar cord. The distribution of terminals and fibres containing somatostatin- and oxytocin-like immunoreactivity (SS and OXY) suggests that these peptides may be part of specific pathways to particular sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The possible sources of the terminals and fibres containing ENK, NPY, NT, SS, and SP include the spinal cord and supraspinal areas, whereas the source of these structrues with OXY and NP2 is most likely supraspinal. The data suggest that coexistence of peptides and interactions between structures containing different neuropeptides occur in the spinal autonomic areas. It is speculated that neuropeptides have an important role to play in the regulation of the cardiovascular division of the autonomic nervous system.

Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction Following Spinal Cord Injury: Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Thermoregulatory Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Wecht ◽  
Michael F. La Fountaine ◽  
John P. Handrakis ◽  
Christopher R. West ◽  
Aaron Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
A.P. Stepanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Nuclei

The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The central part is represented by supra-segmental and segmental centres. Parasympathetic segmental centres in the brain are accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerves, superior salivary nucleus of the facial nerve, inferior salivary nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve and dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve. In the spinal cord, these are the intermediate lateral nuclei. Sympathetic segmental centres in the brain are absent, and in the spinal cord, intermediate-lateral nuclei are located in the lateral horns in the eighth cervical, all thoracic and 1-2 lumbar spinal segments. The peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system is represented by pre-nodal and post-nodal branches, paravertebral, prevertebral and terminal nodes and plexuses. The intramural part of the autonomic nervous system lies in the larger part of a wide and narrow-loop net and represented with a large number of nerve cells different by their shapes and sizes and clustered as intramural nodes, or individual nerve cells included along the net loops. The autonomic plexuses of the abdominal cavity are topographically divided into celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric, abdominal aortic, mesenteric, superior and inferior hypogastric region.

Introduction to Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Adam J Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Limbic Systems ◽  
Cognitive Activities

This chapter focuses on learning the origination and organization of the nervous system and how to draw all the various elements that comprise it. Instructions are given for drawing the cerebrum, basal ganglia, thalamus, limbic systems, brainstem, cranial nerves, vertebral column, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system (PNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS), formation of neural plates, and neural tubes. Additionally, the chapter addresses how the elements of the nervous system are related to each other, notes their function, and outlines their respective sensorimotor and cognitive activities.

The autonomic nervous system

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Motor Nerves

A large part of the nervous system is dedicated to the control of the internal viscera and their functions. Much of the activity of these organs is controlled reflexly at the brainstem level, e.g. the cardiovascular and respiratory centres (the vital centres) in the reticular formation of the medulla controlling cardiac and respiratory activity. There are also centres in the cerebrum, notably the hypothalamus in the diencephalon. Somatic and visceral functions are closely integrated at these higher levels; think of the effect that emotional factors or somatic stimulation can have on heart rate, blood pressure, and gastrointestinal activity when we are nervous or are in pain. The nerves involved in these activities are described as visceral sensory or visceral motor nerves because they control visceral function; this distinguishes them from somatic sensory nerves from peripheral receptors and somatic motor nerves controlling voluntary function. Visceral motor neurons innervate smooth muscle and secretory cells of the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, the smooth and cardiac muscle of the cardiovascular system, the sweat glands and arrector pili muscles of the skin, and the muscles of the ciliary body and iris of the eyeball. In many cases, there is a dual supply from the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. In both divisions of the autonomic nervous system, there is a sequence of two neurons between the CNS and the effector organ which synapse in peripheral autonomic ganglia. The neurons from the CNS to the synapse in the ganglion are the preganglionic neurons and those from the ganglia to the effector organs are the postganglionic neurons. The enteric plexus is a third set of neurons interposed between the post-ganglionic neurons and the effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Figure 17.1 compares the general arrangement of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The cell bodies of sympathetic visceral preganglionic motor neurons are located in the intermediolateral horns of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord while those of the parasympathetic visceral preganglionic (secretomotor) neurons are in the nuclei of four of the cranial nerves and the sacral segments of the spinal cord.

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