An endogenous digitalis-like compound extracted from human urine: biochemical and chemical studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1522-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Cloix ◽  
Maryse Crabos ◽  
Marie-Laure Grichois ◽  
Philippe Meyer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
History Of

Plasma and urine levels of an endogenous digitalis-like compound (EDLC) are increased in low renin Na+-dependent experimental hypertension, in some normotensive offspring of hypertensive patients and in some essential hypertensive patients. Urine-drived EDLC was purified from 550 L of urine from essential hypertensive patients (n = 8) and from normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension (n = 27), using flash chromatography on C18 reversed-phase, anion exchange chromatography and various reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographies. The mechanism of Na+–K+ ATPase inhibition and the related effects of semipurified urine-derived EDLC were studied and compared with those of ouabain. Its action was similar to that of ouabain in 8 out of 10 of the tests applied. The main effects of such a compound were the depression of Na+–K+ pump activity of human erythrocytes, the inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake by human platelets, and the induction of natriuresis in urethanized rats. Therefore, EDLC may be considered as one of the natriuretic hormones whose mechanism of action closely resembles that of ouabain.

scholarly journals Isolation of Reaction Products Resulting from Heat-Induced Degradation of Inulin

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S166-S168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trabs ◽  
N. Kasprick ◽  
T. Henle
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Pulsed Amperometric Detection ◽  
Dfa Iii ◽  
Final Purification

From inulin which had been heated for 30 min at 200°C, four di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFDAs) were isolated using flash chromatography and final purification by semipreparative HPLC, followed by identification via NMR spectroscopy. The DFDAs &alpha;-D-Fru<I>f</I>-1,2':2,3'-β-D-Fruf (DFA III), &alpha;-D-Fru<I>f</I>-1,2':2,1'-β-D-Fru<I>f</I> (DFA I), &alpha;-D-Fru<I>f</I>-1,2':2,1'-&alpha;-D-Fru<I>f</I> (DFA VII) and β-D-Fru<I>f</I>-1,2´:2,1´-β-D-Fru<I>f</I> were identified. The yield of the isolated DFDAs varied depending on the DP of the used inulin. Using the isolated DFDAs as reference compounds, quantification of the disaccharides in commercial bakery products via high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was possible.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3212
Author(s):  
Noa Miguez ◽  
Peter Kidibule ◽  
Paloma Santos-Moriano ◽  
Antonio O. Ballesteros ◽  
Maria Fernandez-Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Chitin Hydrolysis

Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.

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