A method to study pulmonary vascular response in the conscious newborn piglet

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Coe ◽  
P. M. Olley ◽  
F. Hamilton ◽  
T. Vanhelder ◽  
F. Coceani
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Newborn Piglet ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Vessels ◽  
Chronic Cannulation ◽  
Right Atria

New methods for chronic instrumentation of the newborn piglet are described, which allow continuous monitoring of not only pressures in the pulmonary artery and aorta but also in the left and right atria, pulmonary vein, as well as main branch pulmonary artery flows. Changes in pulmonary vascular tone to short-acting vasoactive agents can be recognized by redistribution of flow between lungs and localized to the precapillary vessels or pulmonary veins. Furthermore, vasoactive response in small pulmonary veins may be investigated as well as selective metabolic studies across the right lung. Methods are also described for the chronic cannulation of the neck vessels permitting repeated introduction of catheters on separate study days in the conscious piglet. The pulmonary circulation of the piglet constricts briskly to moderate hypoxemia ([Formula: see text], 1 Torr = 133.32 Pa) with little change in cardiac output or systemic resistance. The piglet demonstrated responses to dilator and constrictor prostaglandins generally similar to the lambs and other species. None of these agents significantly affect pulmonary venous tone.

scholarly journals VAGAL REGULATION OF INTRACARDIAC SHUNTING IN THE TURTLE PSEUDEMYS SCRIPTA

1994 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hicks ◽  
S. Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Intracardiac Shunting ◽  
Stimulation Of

Two principal hypotheses account for intracardiac shunting in reptiles. The ‘pressure shunting’ hypothesis proposes that there is no fuctional separation between the ventricular cava during systole. The ‘washout shunting’ hypothesis suggests that the cavum pulmonale is functionally separated from the rest of the ventricle during systole. The purpose of this study was to test the two principal hypotheses in a turtle, Pseudemys scripta, after inducing a right-to-left shunt by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. Animals were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30–40 mg kg-1), tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated. Two experimental groups were used. Both groups had the right and left cervical vagi exposed and sectioned and silver bipolar electrodes were attached for electrical stimulation. In addition, cardiac function was evaluated by determining the pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary arterial pressure, peak systolic pressure in the cavum pulmonale, central arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and heart rate. In group I, hydrogen electrodes were inserted into the right aorta, the left aorta and the pulmonary artery. Hydrogen, dissolved in saline, was infused into the left atrium, jugular vein and cavum pulmonale. Blood flow from these sites was deduced from detection of a H2 signal in the right and left aortae and the pulmonary artery. In group II, catheters were inserted in the left and right atria and aortae for the measurement of blood gases. For both groups, the protocol consisted of control periods and periods of electrical stimulation of the efferent and afferent ends of the vagus nerve. During the control periods, infusion of a H2 solution into either the left atrium or the jugular vein resulted in the detection of H2 in the right and left aortae and the pulmonary artery. This suggested that both right-to-left and left-to-right intracardiac shunts were present. H2 infused into the cavum pulmonale was always detected in the pulmonary artery but never in the left or right aortae. During stimulation of the right vagal efferents, a bradycardia developed (heart rate declined by 65 %), pulmonary blood flow was reduced by 73 % and pulmonary vascular resistance increased by 158 %. This was accompanied by a reduction in the PO2 of both the right and left aortae, although the PO2 of the left and right atria remained constant. Under these conditions, H2 infused into the jugular vein and the left atrium was detected in the right and left aortae and the pulmonary artery of all animals studied. Infusion of H2 into the cavum pulmonale was detected in the right and left aortae in only two animals. The results supported the washout mechanism for right-to-left intracardiac shunting.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic uniqueness and commonality of the ion channels and transporters in the four heart chambers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Iacobas ◽  
Bogdan Amuzescu ◽  
Dumitru A. Iacobas
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Agilent Microarrays

AbstractMyocardium transcriptomes of left and right atria and ventricles from four adult male C57Bl/6j mice were profiled with Agilent microarrays to identify the differences responsible for the distinct functional roles of the four heart chambers. Female mice were not investigated owing to their transcriptome dependence on the estrous cycle phase. Out of the quantified 16,886 unigenes, 15.76% on the left side and 16.5% on the right side exhibited differential expression between the atrium and the ventricle, while 5.8% of genes were differently expressed between the two atria and only 1.2% between the two ventricles. The study revealed also chamber differences in gene expression control and coordination. We analyzed ion channels and transporters, and genes within the cardiac muscle contraction, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, calcium and adrenergic signaling pathways. Interestingly, while expression of Ank2 oscillates in phase with all 27 quantified binding partners in the left ventricle, the percentage of in-phase oscillating partners of Ank2 is 15% and 37% in the left and right atria and 74% in the right ventricle. The analysis indicated high interventricular synchrony of the ion channels expressions and the substantially lower synchrony between the two atria and between the atrium and the ventricle from the same side.

Transoesophageal: Chambers and vessels

2020 ◽  
pp. 493-542
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Intramural Haematoma ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Aortic Transection ◽  
And Function ◽  
Right Atria

This chapter covers the chambers and vessels in transoesophageal echocardiography. It includes the left and right ventricles (size, mass, and function); the left and right atria, including the left atrial appendage; the pulmonary veins; the coronary sinus; the interatrial and interventricular septa; the pericardium and pericardial effusion; cardiac tamponade; the aorta (size, atherosclerosis, and dissection); intramural haematoma; aortic transection; thoracic aortic aneurysm; masses; pleural space and lungs; and implanted devices.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma: A Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Kriz ◽  
Nabil A. Munfakh ◽  
Gregory S. King ◽  
Juan O. Carden
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Filling Defect ◽  
Intimal Sarcoma ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Pulmonary artery intimal sarcomas are rare and lethal malignant tumors that typically affect larger vessels: the aorta, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary arteries. Since symptoms and imaging of pulmonary arterial intimal sarcomas mimic pulmonary thromboembolism, the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with chest pain, dyspnea, and filling defect within the pulmonary arteries should include intimal sarcoma. Often right ventricular failure is observed due to pulmonary hypertension caused by the obstructive effect of the tumor and concomitant chronic thromboembolism. We report the case of a 72-year-old African-American male with arterial intimal sarcoma of the left and right pulmonary artery with extension through the right artery into the bronchus and right lung.

scholarly journals THE INTRINSIC PROPERTIES OF AN IN SITU PERFUSED CROCODILE HEART

1994 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Franklin ◽  
M. Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Output Pressure ◽  
Heart Preparation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

An in situ perfused crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) heart preparation was developed to investigate the effects of input and output pressure on cardiac dynamics and to determine the conditions that lead to a right-to-left cardiac shunt. The pericardium was kept intact, both the left and right atria were perfused and all three outflow tracts (right aortic, left aortic and pulmonary) were cannulated, enabling pressures and flows to be monitored. The perfused heart preparation had an intrinsic heart rate of 34 beats min-1 and generated a physiological power output. Both the left and right sides of the heart were sensitive to filling pressure. Increasing the filling pressure to both atria resulted in an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output (Frank­Starling effect). Increasing the filling pressure to the right atrium also had a positive chronotropic effect. Large right ventricular stroke volumes initiated a right-to-left shunt, despite the left aorta having a pressure 1.5 kPa higher than the pulmonary output pressure. The left ventricle was able to maintain its output and stroke volume up to an output pressure of approximately 8 kPa. However, the right ventricle was significantly weaker. Right ventricular output and stroke volume showed a marked decrease when the output pressure was increased above 5 kPa. A right-to-left shunt occurred when pulmonary output pressure was increased. Surprisingly, a shunt occurred into the left aorta before the pressure in the pulmonary artery became greater than that in the left aorta. Once the pressure in the pulmonary artery exceeded the left aortic pressure, pulmonary artery flow ceased and right ventricular output was solely via the left aorta. A right-to-left shunt could also be initiated by increasing the filling pressure to the left atrium.

Variations in the Morphology of Human Lungs and its Clinical Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Suja Mary Jacob ◽  
Vaibhav Venniyoor ◽  
Minnie Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Pulmonary Surgery ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oblique Fissure

Objective To observe variations in the fissures, in the lobes, and in the hilar pattern of lungs and correlate these findings with clinical implications. Materials and Methods The present study was performed on random lung specimens available in the Department of Anatomy. A total of 96 lungs (47 right and 49 left) were studied for variations in the fissures and lobes, and 92 lungs (45 right and 47 left) for variations in the hilar pattern. Results Among the right-sided lungs, 70% presented incomplete horizontal fissure, 15% with absence of the horizontal fissure, and 51% with incomplete oblique fissure. Accessory fissures were also seen, but incomplete, and accounted for 17% of the total number of right lungs.Among the left-sided lungs, 62% presented incomplete oblique fissures, and 4% with absence of the oblique fissure. Accessory fissures accounted for 6% of the total number of left lungs.Regarding hilar pattern variations, 11% of the right-sided lungs showed > 2 bronchi, 69% showed > 2 pulmonary veins, and 37% showed > 1 pulmonary artery.Among the left-sided lungs, 57% showed > 1 bronchi, 21% showed > 2 pulmonary veins, and 17% showed > 1 pulmonary artery. Conclusion The field of pulmonary surgery is now highly advanced, with well-developed radiological and endoscopic techniques. Hence, a proper understanding and knowledge of these morphological variations of lung fissures and of the hilar pattern would be advantageous for surgeons, as well as for radiologists.

Transthoracic anatomy and pathology: Chambers and vessels

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-286
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Cardiac Tumours ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Global Systolic Function

This chapter deals with the anatomy and pathology of the chambers and vessels in transthoracic echocardiography. It covers the left ventricle, global systolic function, regional systolic function, diastolic function and dysfunction, heart failure, the right ventricle, pulmonary hypertension, the left and right atria, the interatrial septum and interventricular septum, pericardium, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, the aorta, primary cardiac tumours and other masses, extra-cardiac tumours, cardiomyopathies, and athlete’s heart.

Effects of hyperthyroidism on delayed rectifier K+ currents in left and right murine atria

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. H1448-H1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hu ◽  
S. V. Penelope Jones ◽  
Wolfgang H. Dillmann
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Delayed Rectifier ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Atria

Hyperthyroidism has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, hyperthyroidism-induced ion channel changes that may predispose to AF have not been fully elucidated. To understand the electrophysiological changes that occur in left and right atria with hyperthyroidism, the patch-clamp technique was used to compare action potential duration (APD) and whole cell currents in myocytes from left and right atria from both control and hyperthyroid mice. Additionally, RNase protection assays and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of K+ channel α-subunits in left and right atria. The results showed that 1) in control mice, the APD was shorter and the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K+ conductance ( IKur) and the sustained delayed rectifier K+ conductance ( Iss) were larger in the left than in the right atrium; also, mRNA and protein expression levels of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 were higher in the left atrium; 2) in hyperthyroid mice, the APD was shortened and IKur and Iss were increased in both left and right atrial myocytes, and the protein expression levels of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 were increased significantly in both atria; and 3) the influence of hyperthyroidism on APD and delayed rectifier K+ currents was more prominent in right than in left atrium, which minimized the interatrial APD difference. In conclusion, hyperthyroidism resulted in more significant APD shortening and greater delayed rectifier K+ current increases in the right vs. the left atrium, which can contribute to the propensity for atrial arrhythmia in hyperthyroid heart.

scholarly journals Up-Down and Left-Right by the Heart Transcriptome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Iacobas ◽  
Bogdan Amuzescu ◽  
Dumitru Iacobas
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Ankyrin B

Myocardium transcriptomes of mouse left and right atria and ventricles were profiled separately to identify the differences that might be responsible for the distinct functional roles of the four heart chambers. In total, 16,886 distinct unigenes have been quantified in all 16 samples collected from four adult male mice from the same litter. 15.76% of the quantified genes on the left and 16.5% on the right exhibited differential expression between the corresponding atrium and ventricle of the same side, while 5.8% in atria and 1.2% in ventricles were differently expressed between the left and the right. Beyond the differentially expressed genes, the study revealed distinct expression control and coordination of ion channels and genes within the cardiac muscle contraction, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/glucogenesis, calcium and adrenergic signaling pathways. Interestingly, while expression of Ank2 (encoding ankyrin-B) oscillates in phase with all its binding partners in the left ventricle, the percentage of synergistically expressed partners of Ank2 is 15% and 37% in the left and right atria and 74% in the right ventricle. The analysis revealed also the high interventricular synchrony of the expression of ion channels.

scholarly journals An aberrant mediastinal mediobasal segmental pulmonary artery in a patient with lung cancer undergoing right lower lobectomy: a case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Komori ◽  
Hiroshi Hashimoto ◽  
Kotaro Yoshikawa ◽  
Koji Kameda ◽  
Shinichi Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Lower Lobectomy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Lower Lobectomy

Abstract Background A mediastinal mediobasal segmental pulmonary artery (A7) from the right main pulmonary artery is extremely rare. Case presentation: We have reported a case of a 71-year-old woman with aberrant A7 who underwent right lower lobectomy for lung cancer (cT1bN0M0, stage IA2). Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed an aberrant mediastinal A7 from the right main pulmonary artery. Right lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed. Intraoperatively, A7 was observed between the superior and inferior pulmonary veins, and at the front of the lower bronchus near the anterior hilum. The artery was carefully dissected from the caudal side after dissection of the inferior pulmonary vein. Then, the lung parenchyma, which was within the fissure due to poor lobulation between the middle and lower lobes, was safely divided. Conclusions Thoracic surgeons need to evaluate CT angiography or enhanced multidetector CT carefully at preoperative conferences and always keep this anomaly in mind.

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