The influence of adrenal medollectomy on the development of ethanol-induced cardiac hypertrophy

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Adams ◽  
Maurice Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urinary Noradrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

Cardiac hypertrophy was assessed in adrenal medullectomized and sham control rats given ethanol in a liquid diet mixture, intragastrically, in severely intoxicating doses at 8-h intervals for 48 and 96 h. The ethanol treatments produced increases of some 20% in wet and dry proportional heart weights in the control animals, but this rapid development of hypertrophy was less apparent in the medullectomized rats. Hearts of the medullectomized animals given ethanol were heavier than those of pair-matched controls given isocaloric maltose–dextrin in the diet mix. These increases were not statistically significant. The ethanol treatments produced, in addition, equivalent increases in the weight of the adrenal glands of both medullectomized and control animals. Medullectomy was evaluated by analysis of adrenal glands and urine samples for catecholamines. The majority of adrenals from the demedullated group had nondetectable amounts of catecholamines and minimal quantities were found in the remainder. Adrenaline was not detected generally in urine samples from this group. The adrenaline contents of adrenals from sham controls given ethanol were markedly reduced by the ethanol treatments, whereas the quantities in urine were many times greater than those from rats given maltose–dextrin. Urinary noradrenaline levels were increased in both control and medullectomized rats given ethanol. The results of this study identify that adrenal medullary catecholamines participate in the rapid development of cardiac hypertrophy that results from severe, continuing ethanol intoxication in the rat.

Ethanol-induced cardiac hypertrophy: effects of peripheral sympathectomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2363-2367
Author(s):  
M. Hirst ◽  
M. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Myocardial Oedema ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
And Control

The development of cardiac hypertrophy was examined in rats that had undergone sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. After 4 days, the rats were given severely intoxicating doses of ethanol or isocalorically paired quantities of maltose–dextrin by intubation at 8-h intervals up to 48 h. The ethanol and sugar intubations were applied in a nutritionally adequate, liquid diet mix. The extent of the peripheral sympathectomy was evident from the absence of detectable quantities of noradrenaline in hearts of animals injected with the neurotoxin and in the reduced levels of excreted noradrenaline. The adrenal medullary catecholamine contents of sympathectomized rats were unchanged in the absence of ethanol; there were reduced quantities of adrenaline in the medullae of rats given ethanol. The adrenal glands of rats given ethanol were larger than those from control animals. Urine samples from sympathectomized and control rats, given ethanol, displayed equivalent increases in excreted adrenaline and noradrenaline. Increases in relative cardiac weight were evident in hearts from sympathectomized animals after 4 days of sympathectomy, and this change reached significance in the hearts from 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats after a further 2 days on the control diet. Hearts from animals exposed to ethanol showed a marked, rapid development of cardiomegaly; after 24 h there was an increased mass of some 17%, which was sustained over the remaining 24-h period. The proportion of cardiac protein did not differ in the large hearts from ethanol-treated animals and those from their controls, hence myocardial oedema could not account for the increase in weight. The results of the study indicate that ethanol-induced cardiomegaly can occur in the absence of an intact cardiac sympathetic nerve supply.

Remote Wireless Network Monitoring Application System

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 7024-7028
Author(s):  
Hui Fu ◽  
Bin Jin ◽  
Lin Han ◽  
Zuo Tang Tao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Remote Monitoring System ◽  
Encrypt Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Embedded Applications ◽  
Monitoring Application

With computer technology, communication technology and the rapid development of electronic technology, remote monitoring technology will be more widely used for data transmission requirements and more stringent. GPRS-based remote monitoring system, which is based in communications equipment, through the server to PC, as the remote control platform, embedded applications, network programming and other technology, the remote information display and control. Throughout the system, users can allow each terminal in the case of permission to accept the data on the changes and settings. Wireless network communication is important that the network transmission of data security and consistency, to solve this problem this thesis, performance of network communications software technology to achieve self-monitoring and self-recovery, while use of end to end encryption to encrypt data on the transmission , which can guarantee data reliability, completeness, real time and security.

A Blockchain-Enabled Approach for Online Stream Sensor Data Protection in Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangyue Shi ◽  
Chenang Liu ◽  
Chen Kan ◽  
Wenmeng Tian ◽  
Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Stream Data ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
And Control

Abstract With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and information technologies, more and more manufacturing systems become cyber-enabled, which significantly improves the flexibility and productivity of manufacturing. Furthermore, a large variety of online sensors are also commonly incorporated in the manufacturing systems for online quality monitoring and control. However, the cyber-enabled environment may pose the collected online stream sensor data under high risks of cyber-physical attacks as well. Specifically, cyber-physical attacks could occur during the manufacturing process to maliciously tamper the sensor data, which could result in false alarms or failures of anomaly detection. In addition, the cyber-physical attacks may also illegally access the collected data without authorization and cause leakage of key information. Therefore, it becomes critical to develop an effective approach to protect online stream data from these attacks so that the cyber-physical security of the manufacturing systems could be assured. To achieve this goal, an integrative blockchain-enabled method, is proposed by leveraging both asymmetry encryption and camouflage techniques. A real-world case study that protects cyber-physical security of collected stream data in additive manufacturing is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that malicious tampering could be detected in a relatively short time and the risk of unauthorized data access is significantly reduced as well.

Dyspnoea and Thoracic Spinal Deformation in Rats after Oral Prizidilol (SK&F 92657-A2)

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Sutton ◽  
A. J. Darby ◽  
P. Johnson ◽  
G. B. Leslie ◽  
T. F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spinal Lesion ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
Body Damage

Prizidilol (SK&F 92657-A2), an anti-hypertensive agent, has undergone a range of prescribed toxicity studies required for the investigation of possible adverse drug effects. During the second year of the 2-year rat oral study, a variety of symptoms were exhibited by males receiving 1600 mg of the compound day–1kg–1 by gavage. These animals became lethargic, slouched and developed dyspnoea which became progressively more severe during the course of the study. Necropsy of the affected rats revealed severely haemorrhagic lungs, cardiac hypertrophy and lordosis of the spine into the thoracic cavity. At the 2-year terminal kill, a proportion of the male rats receiving 100 and 400 mg of prizidilol day–1kg–1 were identified with similar but less severe spinal deformation. No female was found with spinal changes but all the rats receiving prizidilol showed haemorrhagic lungs and enlarged hearts. The lordosis of the affected males was always confined to the thoracic spine and this, along with the cardiac hypertrophy, presumably led to marked reduction in the volume of the thoracic cavity, inducing the dyspnoea. Thoracic vertebral body damage, possibly a precursor to the spinal deformities, was found in male rats from both drug-treated and control groups. The nature of the spinal lesion is at present under investigation.

scholarly journals Design of SnO2 Aggregate/Nanosheet Composite Structures Based on Function-Matching Strategy for Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongting Wang ◽  
Shangheng Liu ◽  
Mingfa Shao ◽  
Jinghan Zhao ◽  
Yukun Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Matching Strategy ◽  
Sno2 Nanosheet ◽  
And Control

Hierarchical SnO2 nanocrystallites aggregates (NAs) were prepared with a simple room temperature–based aqueous solution method followed by simple freeze-drying treatment. The as-prepared SnO2 NAs were subsequently combined with SnO2 nanosheet–based structures from the viewpoint of a function-matching strategy, and under an optimized condition, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.59% was obtained for the resultant hybrid photoanode, a remarkable 60% enhancement compared to that of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) fabricated with bare SnO2 NAs architecture. The significantly enhanced efficiency can be attributed to the combination of the desirable electron transport property obtained by the intentionally introduced SnO2 nanosheets (NSs) and the effectively retained inherent characteristics of SnO2 NAs, i.e., large surface area and strong light-scattering effect. This work provides a promising approach for the rapid development of highly efficient SnO2 photoanode film-based DSCs with the properties of simplicity of operation and control over the photoanode composition.

scholarly journals Clozapine Use Presenting with Pseudopheochromocytoma in a Schizophrenic Patient: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaskanwal Sara ◽  
Matt Jenkins ◽  
Tanveer Chohan ◽  
Karan Jolly ◽  
Lisa Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Urinary Free Cortisol ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caucasian Female ◽  
Abnormal Uptake ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

Introduction. There have been six previous cases that reported pseudopheochromocytoma in patients taking clozapine. Our case showed the direct link of clozapine to serum levels of certain markers.Case. This is a case of a 49-year-old obese Caucasian female who was referred to endocrinology for investigation of Cushing’s syndrome, based on raised blood pressure and Cushingoid facies. The patient had underlying schizophrenia and was stable on clozapine. Her blood pressure was 150/99 mmHg on bendroflumethiazide and candesartan. We measured her 24-hour urinary-free cortisol, which was normal but 24-hour urinary-free noradrenaline was elevated at 835 nmol (76–561) with normal adrenaline 36 nmol (7–82) and dopamine 2679 nmol (366–2879), as the patient had history of palpitations and sweating. Two sets of 24-hour urinary-free cortisol measurements were normal and serum cortisol suppressed to <50 nmol/l after a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone. Two further 24-hour urinary-free catecholamines showed a raised level of noradrenaline. MRI demonstrated normal adrenals and MIBG scan did not show any abnormal uptake at adrenal glands.Conclusion. Pseudopheochromocytoma has been reported in patients taking clozapine. A number of different mechanisms for raised plasma noradrenaline levels with clozapine have been postulated. The above case highlights an unusual but known side effect of clozapine.

Abstract 9: Involvement of Caveolin-1 in Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation Induced by Angiotensin II

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J Forrester ◽  
Tatsuo Kawai ◽  
Katherine J Elliott ◽  
Takashi Obama ◽  
Takehiko Takayanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Medial Hypertrophy ◽  
And Control

We have recently reported that caveolin-1 (Cav1) enriched membrane microdomains in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) mediate a metalloprotease ADAM17-dependent EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation, which is linked to vascular remodeling induced by AngII. We have tested our hypothesis that Cav1, a major structural protein of caveolae, plays a critical role for development of vascular remodeling by AngII via regulation of ADAM17 and EGFR. Here, 8 week old male Cav1-/- and control Cav+/+ wild-type mice (WT) were infused with AngII (1 μg/kg/min) for 2 weeks to induce vascular remodeling and hypertension. Upon AngII infusion, histological assessments demonstrated medial hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis of coronary and renal arteries in WT mice compared with saline-infused control mice. The AngII-infused WT mice also showed a phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy with increased HW/BW ratio (mg/g: 8.0±0.6 vs 5.7±0.7 p<0.01) compared with WT control. In contrast to AngII-infused WT mice, Cav1-/- mice with AngII showed attenuation of vascular remodeling but not cardiac hypertrophy ; HW/BW ratio (8.6±0.5 vs 6.4±0.2 p<0.05). Similar levels of AngII-induced hypertension were observed in both WT and Cav1-/- mice assessed by telemetry (MAP mmHg: 142±9 vs 154±20). In WT mice, Ang II enhanced ADAM17 expression and phospho-Tyr EGFR staining in heart and kidney vasculature. These events were attenuated in vessels from Cav1-/- mice infused with AngII. In addition, IHC analysis revealed less ER stress in heart and kidney vasculature of AngII-infused Cav1-/- mice compared with WT mice. Enhanced Cav1 and VCAM-1 expression were also observed in the aorta from AngII-infused WT mice but not in Cav1-/- aorta. These data suggest that Cav1 and presumably vascular caveolae play critical roles for vascular remodeling and inflammation via induction of ADAM17 and activation of EGFR independent of blood pressure or cardiac hypertrophy regulation.

Mobile Messaging Assisted Treatment (MMAT) for Patients with Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hung Lee ◽  
Guan-Hsiung Liaw ◽  
Wu-Chuan Yang ◽  
Yu-Hsin Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Positive Urine

BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder can cause various physical and psychological harms. Despite current evidence demonstrating the therapeutic effects of psychosocial interventions, finding an approach to increase patient adherence to treatment remains a real-world challenge. The rapid development of new technologies, such as mobile health (mHealth) systems, suggests the potential to provide real-time personalized care at any time and from any location, minimize barriers to treatment, maximize use, and promote the dissemination of accessible therapeutic tools in at-risk populations. OBJECTIVE Objectives of our study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing mHealth technology in the treatment of MA use disorder. METHODS The inclusion criteria were (a) a diagnosis of MA abuse or dependence as defined by the DSM-IV-TR (b) age between 18 and 65 years, (c) no initial diagnosis of severe physical or mental illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder, at baseline of the survey, and (d) willingness to participate in standard outpatient treatment for 1 year. Participants were randomly allocated to either a mobile messaging–assisted treatment (MMAT) group which delivered relapse prevention and recovery skills or a control group following simple randomization procedures (computerized random numbers) without blinding. All participants were followed for 6 months. Treatment retention and results of monthly urine tests were analysed as outcome measures. Feasibility and participant satisfaction were also assessed based on patients’ experiences with MMAT. RESULTS 50 participants were allocated to MMAT group and 49 to control. The average retention was 142.42 ± 60.54 days for the MMAT group and 118.12 ± 73.41 days for the control group, with no significant differences between the two treatment groups (df = 1, p = .099). Compared with the control group, the MMAT group had fewer MA-positive urine samples (19.5% vs 29.6%, F = 9.116, p = .003). Moreover, the proportion of MA-positive urine samples was positively correlated with the frequency of MA use (r = .323, p = .001), severity of MA use disorder (r = 0.364, p < .001), and polysubstance use (r = .212, p = .035) and negatively correlated with readiness to change (r = -.330, p = .001). At 6-month follow-up, 55 participants who completed the study reported high satisfaction with receiving MMAT. There was no significant adverse effects reported. CONCLUSIONS Participants in this study diagnosed as having MA use had high adherence to MMAT, generally positive treatment outcomes, and favorable acceptance, which indicates that this type of intervention is feasible for individuals with MA use disorder. Therefore, this study supports the efficacy and feasibility of using mobile phones for treating people who use MA. Future studies should investigate MMAT’s ability to (a) engage patients in the assessment of their own symptoms and daily functioning, (b) increase patients’ self-awareness and self-management of symptoms, (c) improve patients’ ability to identify triggers and track their own disease progression, and (d) increase patients’ willingness to seek care when necessary. CLINICALTRIAL Study Registry: ISRCTN16586487 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN16586487)

Trends and Research of Wikis' Quality and Governance Based on Bibliometric and Content Analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 148-166
Author(s):  
Qinghua Zhu ◽  
Linghe Huang ◽  
Jia Tina Du ◽  
Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Control

Wiki is a typical representative of the User-Generated Content. Its appearance greatly promotes the creation, organization, management, and sharing of knowledge on the Internet. As articles grow rapidly in Wikis, the quality of the articles has aroused many people’s concerns. The topics on how to assess and control the quality of articles have attracted many researchers. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the status of this research topic. This chapter explores the current research status and trends of wikis' quality and governance. The authors selected papers from the databases of ISI, EI, IEEE, and other widely used databases. They reported the trends and research of wikis’ quality and governance using bibliometric analysis and content analysis of a total of 99 relevant papers. The results show that although the research topics in the field have experienced a very rapid development, they are still at an early age that lacks theories to support them. The discipline of Library and Information Science was found to play a very active role in this new area. Future research agenda and directions are also discussed.

Use of Estimation and Control Techniques for Increasing of Efficiency Training for Public Officers in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 815-829
Author(s):  
Sergey Nedelko ◽  
Ekaterina Eremina ◽  
Yulia Lukanina ◽  
Artem Lukanin ◽  
Alexander Osteshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Continuous Professional Development ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Estimation And Control ◽  
And Control

This chapter focuses on the use of technology estimation and control applied in Modern E-Learning Systems for training of public officers in Russia. Due to the rapid development of innovative technology, implementation of information science and technology in the educational process, it becomes obvious problem of interaction between the participants in the educational process and organizations - employers. This problem is particularly acute, and has its own specific characteristics in the field of continuing professional education of public officers in Russia. The authors propose to solve the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the training creation of a system of continuous professional development, the improvement of information and technical support activities for continuous professional development, including through the creation of a single information resource, including an updated bank of basic programs and additional professional Bank methodical, analytical and informational materials on the most pressing issues of implementation of the state policy for self-education.

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