Activity of in situ stellate ganglion neurons of dogs recorded extracellularly

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Armour
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Stellate Ganglia ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Activity was recorded from 145 neurons in the in situ stellate ganglia of 36 dogs. The activity of 28 of these neurons, most of them located in the ganglia's cranial medial region, was related to the cardiac cycle primarily during systole. The activity of 16 of these cardiovascular-related neurons was modified by gentle mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava (1), heart (4), or thoracic aorta (11). Forty-one of the neurons were modified by respiration, with 17 being phase-locked to the respiratory cycle. Other neurons were activated by gentle mechanical distortion of localized regions of the thoracic wall (21% of all neurons), neck (18%), skin of the left foreleg (10%), or the mediastinum adjacent to the stellate ganglion (3%). Acutely decentralizing the stellate ganglion abolished the spontaneous activity of some, but not all, of these neurons including the respiratory or cardiovascular-related neurons. In the intact or acutely decentralized stellate ganglion, few neurons were activated by single short duration (1 – 4 ms) stimuli delivered to nerves attached directly or indirectly to the ganglion; however, most were activated by brief high frequency stimuli delivered in trains of 20–200 ms, or by single stimuli lasting 20–200 ms. As most cardiovascular, respiratory, or neck-related neurons in the stellate ganglion were not activated by single brief stimuli delivered to the cardiopulmonary nerves or vagosympathetic trunks, presumably they did not project their axons into the neck or thoracic organs. Thus, they were considered to be interneurons. It is postulated that interneurons in stellate ganglia can be modified by afferent receptors located in tissues of the neck, lungs, heart, or great thoracic vessels, whether the ganglion is intact or acutely decentralized. In addition, neurons in the stellate ganglion can be modified by mechanoreceptors located in the thoracic wall, abdominal wall, foreleg, or adjacent mediastinum. The majority of these neurons are activated by trains of impulses rather than single short duration impulses.

Neuronal activity recorded extracellularly from in situ canine mediastinal ganglia

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Armour ◽  
R. D. Janes
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Local Circuit ◽  
Local Circuit Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Spontaneous activity of 226 neurons was recorded from in situ mediastinal ganglia in 10 dogs. Forty-two percent of these were active during specific phases of the cardiac cycle, primarily during systole. Cardiovascular-related activity occurred when systolic pressure was between ~70 and 185 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) whether the pressure was altered by positive inotropic pharmacological agents or cross clamping of the aorta. Twenty percent of the identified neurons displayed respiratory-related activity which occurred during positive pressure inflation or deflation. Thirty-eight percent of the identified neurons displayed bursts of activity or sporadic activity. The activity of 17% of the identified neurons was altered by gentle mechanical distortion of localized regions of the neck, left elbow, ventral thoracic wall, ventral abdominal wall, superior vena cava, right ventricle, or aorta. In the majority of instances cardiovascular- or respiratory-related activity persisted following acute decentralization, indicating that neurons in mediastinal ganglia can function in the absence of influences of central nervous system neurons. Five percent of the identified neurons were activated by single 1–4 ms, 10–20 V stimuli delivered at 0.5 Hz to the nerves connected with either the cranial or the caudal poles of the mediastinal ganglion or the ansae. These neurons were activated after a fixed latency when 0.5 Hz was used and in most instances when 10 Hz was used. These data indicate that 5% or less of the neurons identified projected axons out of the mediastinal ganglia investigated. As the remainder of the neurons identified were not consistently activated after single stimuli delivered individually to the nerves connected directly or indirectly with the mediastinal ganglion, they presumably did not project axons out of the ganglion and thus were considered to be local circuit neurons. Since a number of these local circuit neurons were activated by trains of stimuli delivered to the ipsilateral cardiopulmonary nerves, ansae, rami, sympathetic chain, or cervical vagosympathetic complex, it appears that neural information from a number of sources can modify the behaviour of mediastinal ganglion neurons, substantiating the evidence obtained when various tissues were distorted. Some of the neurons in mediastinal ganglia continued to be activated by trains of stimuli following the administration of hexamethonium, atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine, albeit usually with different latencies of activation. These data support the contention that synaptic mechanisms other than cholinergic and adrenergic ones may exist in mediastinal ganglia, as has been proposed to occur with respect to neurons in the major intrathoracic ganglia. The results of the present experiments indicate that neurons in mediastinal ganglia are involved in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation and that they can be influenced by neural structures in a variety of tissues, some of which are relatively remote from the ganglion. It appears that some of these may be local circuit neurons. Thus neurons in ganglia adjacent to the heart and lungs can behave similarly to neurons located in the middle cervical and stellate ganglia.

Primary Intravascular Synovial Sarcoma: Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Nuri Tuncer ◽  
Ozan Erbasan ◽  
İlhan Golbasi
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
The Right

Synovial sarcoma (SS), a mesenchymal spindle cell tumor, displays variable epithelial differentiation, including glandular formation, and features a specific chromosomal translocation, t(X;18)(p11;q11). SS accounts for 5% to 10% of soft-tissue sarcomas. These tumors occur mostly in the joints, especially near the knee, but they also occur in other locations. Primary intravascular SS (IVSS) are extremely rare; only 6 well-documented cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe a new case of primary IVSS of the superior vena cava (SVC) in a 16-year-old boy. A transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed a large (4.8 ◊ 4.6 cm) circumscribed mass filling the right atrium, as well as a moderate pericardial effusion. The mass extended from the SVC to the tricuspid valve but did not prevent valve coaptation. Surgery via a transatrial approach revealed a huge mass (8 to 12 cm) attached to the SVC via a 5-mm pedicle. The tumor was excised, and the patient experienced an uneventful postoperative course. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed the presence of the SS-specific translocation.

scholarly journals B-PO05-090 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF HIGH-POWER SHORT-DURATION ABLATION DURING SUPERIOR VENA CAVA ISOLATION

Heart Rhythm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. S408
Author(s):  
Jiangbo Duan ◽  
Jinshan He ◽  
Long Wang Ding Li ◽  
Feng Ze Cuncao Wu ◽  
Cuizhen Yuan Xu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
High Power ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

Superior Vena Cava Reconstruction with Homograft Conduit under Circulatory Arrest

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Mahesh ◽  
Chandana Ratnatunga
Keyword(s):  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Superior Vena Cava Reconstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Homograft

Superior vena cava obstruction may be due to benign or malignant causes. This may be treated surgically by using autologous saphenous vein grafts, autologous pericardial patches cut and reconstituted as tubes, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, or percutaneously by balloon dilatation and stenting procedures. We report a case of superior vena cava obstruction in which the obstructed segment was bypassed using a tube constructed from aortic and pulmonary homograft conduits, under hypothermic circulatory arrest without using jugulo-atrial shunts, leaving the obstructed segment in situ.

Assessment of flow distribution in the mouse fetal circulation at late gestation by high-frequency Doppler ultrasound

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 602-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Qing Zhou ◽  
Lindsay S. Cahill ◽  
Michael D. Wong ◽  
Mike Seed ◽  
Christopher K. Macgowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Ductus Venosus ◽  
Mouse Fetus ◽  
Fetal Circulation

This study used high-frequency ultrasound to evaluate the flow distribution in the mouse fetal circulation at late gestation. We studied 12 fetuses (embryonic day 17.5) from 12 pregnant CD1 mice with 40 MHz ultrasound to assess the flow in 11 vessels based on Doppler measurements of blood velocity and M-mode measurements of diameter. Specifically, the intrahepatic umbilical vein (UVIH), ductus venosus (DV), foramen ovale (FO), ascending aorta (AA), main pulmonary artery (MPA), ductus arteriosus (DA), descending thoracic aorta (DTA), common carotid artery (CCA), inferior vena cava (IVC), and right and left superior vena cavae (RSVC, LSVC) were examined, and anatomically confirmed by micro-CT. The mouse fetal circulatory system was found to be similar to that of the humans in terms of the major circuit and three shunts, but characterized by bilateral superior vena cavae and a single umbilical artery. The combined cardiac output (CCO) was 1.22 ± 0.05 ml/min, with the left ventricle (flow in AA) contributing 47.8 ± 2.3% and the right ventricle (flow in MPA) 52.2 ± 2.3%. Relative to the CCO, the flow percentages were 13.6 ± 1.0% for the UVIH, 10.4 ± 1.1% for the DV, 35.6 ± 2.4% for the DA, 41.9 ± 2.6% for the DTA, 3.8 ± 0.3% for the CCA, 29.5 ± 2.2% for the IVC, 12.7 ± 1.0% for the RSVC, and 9.9 ± 0.9% for the LSVC. The calculated flow percentage was 16.6 ± 3.4% for the pulmonary circulation and 31.2 ± 5.3% for the FO. In conclusion, the flow in mouse fetal circulation can be comprehensively evaluated with ultrasound. The baseline data of the flow distribution in normal mouse fetus serve as the reference range for future studies.

Activity of in situ middle cervical ganglion neurons in dogs, using extracellular recording techniques

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Armour
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Recording Techniques

Neuronal activity in the in situ middle cervical ganglion of dogs was investigated using extracellular recording techniques. The recorded action potentials were frequently active during specific phases of the cardiac cycle, particularly during systole, and this activity persisted following acute decentralization of the ganglion. The activity of these action potentials was modified when systemic arterial pressure was altered by isoproterenol, noradrenaline, adrenaline, or partial occlusion of the aorta, whether in the intact or acutely decentralized preparation. These neurons were active between systolic pressures of 70 and 180 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Action potentials were frequently modified by mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava, ventricular epicardium, or adventitia of the aorta, whether the preparation was acutely decentralized or not. Seventy percent of these action potentials were unaffected by stimulation (1 ms, 4 V, 0.5 Hz) of a cardiopulmonary nerve and 27% were suppressed by such stimulation. Five of the neurons were activated by such stimulation. It is presumed that the latter neurons had axons in a cardiopulmonary nerve and most likely were efferent sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Sixty-three percent of these spontaneously active phase-locked units were modified by stimulation of a ramus or an ansa. It is postulated that some of the neurons in the middle cervical ganglia can be modified by afferent axons arising from receptors in thoracic organs, in particular from the great vessels and heart, whether in an intact or acutely decentralized preparation. The majority of these neurons are presumed not to be afferent neurons or efferent postganglionic neurons, as they are not activated directly by electrical stimulation of axons in cardiopulmonary nerves. Rather they are presumed to be interneurons. These results lend support to the thesis that considerable integration of neuronal activity related to thoracic cardiovascular dynamics occurs within the middle cervical ganglia of dogs.

Papillary muscle dynamics: in situ function and responses of the papillary muscle

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Semafuko ◽  
WC Bowie
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Isovolumic Contraction ◽  
Muscle Dynamics ◽  
Valve Function ◽  
The Right

Experiments were designed to 1) study in situ changes in papillary muscle length and force during the cardiac cycle, 2) investigate the relationship between papillary muscle length and maximal ventricular pressure, 3) study the effect of both positive and negative inotropic intervention on this relationship. A mercury gauge transduceror Walton-Brodie strain-gauge arch was sutured to the anterior papillary muscleand used to measure the extent of shortening or lengthening (deltaL) or force (APMF),.respectively. The anterior papillary muscle showed rapid increase of length and forcewhile contracting during isovolumic contraction and reached peak systolic length at end-isovolumic contraction or during the early injection phase. The papillary muscle was observed to shorten during the phases of ejection and isovolumic relaxation. It was concluded that changes in ventricular pressure during the cardiac cycle are associated with changes in papillary muscle length and force such that the resulting "lengthening contraction force" is appropiate for maintenance of normal atrioventricular valve function during isovolumic contraction. There was an inverse relationship between deltaL and maximal ventricular pressure such that for each increment in peak ventricular pressure there was a decrease in deltaL. The deltaL-force relationship was shifted upward and to the right by norepinephrine (NE) and isoproterenol and downward and to the left by occlusion of the posterior vena cava. Phenylephrine had little or no effect on this relationship.

Neuronal activity recorded extracellularly in chronically decentralized in situ canine middle cervical ganglia

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Armour
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Local Circuit ◽  
Local Circuit Neurons ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

In chronically decentralized in situ middle cervical ganglia of 10 dogs, 279 spontaneously active neurons were identified. One hundred and ten (39%) of these were spontaneously active during specific phases of the cardiac cycle, primarily during systole, and the activity of nearly half of these cardiovascular-related neurons was modified by gentle mechanical distortion of the vena cavae, heart, or thoracic aorta. Another 60 (22%) of the identified neurons had respiratory – related activity, but the activity of only 2 of them was modified by gentle mechanical distortion of pulmonary tissue. Twenty-nine of the other 109 identified neurons were activated by gentle mechanical distortion of localized regions of the neck, ventral thoracic wall, or ventral abdominal wall. Because of the presence of activity in the chronically decentralized middle cervical ganglion, these data infer that some afferent neurons are located in the thoracic autonomic nervous system. Some middle cervical ganglion neurons were activated by single 1–4 ms stimuli delivered to a nerve connected to the ganglion. During repetitive stimuli delivered at 0.5 Hz none were activated after a fixed latency following the stimuli. Many more neurons were activated by 10- to 200-ms trains of 1–4 ms stimuli delivered with interstimulus intervals of 1–10 ms. The majority of these neurons could still be activated electrically after the administration of cholinergic and adrenergic pharmacological blocking agents. As the spontaneously active neurons, as well as those which were not spontaneously active, which were recorded were not consistently activated by single 1–4 ms stimuli delivered individually to every nerve connected to the middle cervical ganglion, they presumably did not project axons into these nerves and thus are presumed not to be afferent or efferent postganglionic neurons but rather to be local circuit neurons. It is concluded that local circuit neurons in the middle cervical ganglion are involved in regulating cardiovascular, respiratory, and other tissues and can function independent of neurons in the central nervous system.

Abstract 13822: Comparison of Produced Potential Delay in Superior Vena Cava During Right Pulmonary Vein Isolation Between High-power Short-duration and Conventional Settings

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Hijioka ◽  
Takashi Kaneshiro ◽  
Kazuaki Amami ◽  
Shinya Yamada ◽  
Takafumi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
High Power ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Radiofrequency Energy

Background: Recently, a high-power short-duration (HP-SD) setting has been introduced in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Ablation using this setting reduces collateral tissue damage by shortening the conductive heating phase compared to conventional setting. However, the lesion characteristics have not been rigorously evaluated during ablation procedure. We hypothesized that superior vena cava (SVC) potential could be affected by excessive transmural lesions in anterior-superior right pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), adjacent to posterior aspect of SVC. Therefore, we compared the produced potential delay in SVC between HP-SD and conventional settings. Methods and Results: The consecutive 42 patients (61±10 years, 32 men) who underwent PVI for drug refractory AF were analyzed. Before introduction of HP-SD setting to AF ablation in November 2018, 14 patients underwent right PVI with conventional setting with output of 20-30 W (Conventional group). In the remaining 28 patients after then, right PVI was performed using HP-SD setting with output of 45-50 W (HP-SD group). We compared total radiofrequency energy and mean contact force along the anterior superior right PVI line between the 2 groups. Moreover, the produced SVC potential delay was calculated after anterior superior right PVI and compared between the 2 groups. Total radiofrequency energy delivered (6138 J vs. 6139 J, P = 0.999) and the mean contact force (17.2 g vs. 20.2 g, P = 0.100) in the anterior superior right PV did not differ between the HP-SD and Conventional groups. However, the produced SVC potential conduction delay after anterior superior right PVI was significantly longer in Conventional group compared to HP-SD group (6.2 ms vs. 0.5 ms, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that HP-SD setting caused less collateral tissue damage than conventional setting during PVI. The significant produced SVC potential delay might be a surrogate marker of collateral tissue damage by conductive heating phase in PVI.

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