Effect of leucogenenol, a thymothyroid hormone, on the growth of immature and neonatally thymectomized rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
F. A. H. Rice ◽  
J. D. McCurdy ◽  
Mary Newby ◽  
Cynthia Carlyn ◽  
Jeannette Stack
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Final Weight

The reports of early investigators that growth is delayed by thymectomy of immature animals have been confirmed. Although growth is delayed by thymectomy, thymectomized animals approach asymptotically with age the same final weight as corresponding intact animals. Treatment with leucogenenol, a thymothyroid hormone, accelerates the rate of growth of immature neonatally thymectomized rats to that of normal rats. However, treatment with leucogenenol does not increase the rate of growth of normal rats. Treatment with leucogenenol does not change levels of growth hormone (GH) or thyroxine (T4) in the serum of either thymectomized or intact immature and adult rats. Neither is the depression in levels of serum leucogenenol that follows thymectomy associated with a change in serum levels of GH or T4. Thus it is apparent that levels of serum leucogenenol do not affect the rate of growth of immature animals by increasing serum levels of GH or T4. By analogy with the finding that treatment with leucogenenol increases the rate at which committed cells of the bone marrow and cells involved in the immune response develop into functional cells, it is suggested that the levels of serum leucogenenol are one of the factors that determine the rate at which types of body cells that make up bone and other body tissues develop from committed precursors.

Early increase in pulsatile growth hormone release after unilateral nephrectomy in adult rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. F628-F632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haramati ◽  
M. D. Lumpkin ◽  
S. E. Mulroney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Compensatory Renal Growth ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Hypertrophic Response

Removal of one kidney results, within days, in accelerated growth of the remaining kidney. However, the mechanisms that underlie this compensatory renal hypertrophic response, particularly in the early time period following nephrectomy, are not understood. In this study we tested the hypothesis that removal of one kidney leads to a change in the pulsatile release of growth hormone (GH), which facilitates compensatory renal growth. Adult Wistar rats were implanted with Silastic cannulas in jugular veins and underwent either unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) or sham operation. Plasma levels of GH were determined 24 and 48 h after sham operation or UNX. Blood samples were taken every 20 min over a 6-h period from conscious, unrestrained animals. Pulsatile GH release was markedly elevated 24 h after UNX in both the amplitude of the surges as well as in the duration of release. Peak GH levels after 24 h were three- to fourfold higher in UNX rats compared with sham controls (417 +/- 75 vs. 119 +/- 23 ng/ml, P < 0.05). However, this enhanced release of GH appeared to be of short duration and began declining by 48 h post-UNX (peak level of 227 +/- 37 ng/ml, P < 0.05 vs. both 24 h UNX and sham controls). To examine whether this rise in GH release post-UNX contributed to the compensatory renal growth, rats underwent UNX and were immediately treated with an antagonist to GH-releasing factor (GRF-AN; i.e., [N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2]GRF-(1-29) amide, 200 micrograms/kg twice daily), and the effects on GH release and renal growth were determined. Administration of GRF-AN significantly suppressed the increase in GH release post-UNX and was associated with a significant attenuation in renal growth 48 h post-UNX in GRF-AN-treated rats (8.7 +/- 2.6% vs. 22.7 +/- 3.0% in UNX controls, P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in COVID-19: correlation of the autopsy findings of bone marrow haemophagocytosis with HScore

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-207337
Author(s):  
Claudia Núñez-Torrón ◽  
Ana Ferrer-Gómez ◽  
Esther Moreno Moreno ◽  
Belen Pérez-Mies ◽  
Jesús Villarrubia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Bone Marrow Tissue ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Specific Finding ◽  
Clinical Records

BackgroundSecondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is characterised by a hyper activation of immune system that leads to multiorgan failure. It is suggested that excessive immune response in patients with COVID-19 could mimic this syndrome. Some COVID-19 autopsy studies have revealed the presence of haemophagocytosis images in bone marrow, raising the possibility, along with HScore parameters, of sHLH.AimOur objective is to ascertain the existence of sHLH in some patients with severe COVID-19.MethodsWe report the autopsy histological findings of 16 patients with COVID-19, focusing on the presence of haemophagocytosis in bone marrow, obtained from rib squeeze and integrating these findings with HScore parameters. CD68 immunohistochemical stains were used to highlight histiocytes and haemophagocytic cells. Clinical evolution and laboratory parameters of patients were collected from electronic clinical records.ResultsEleven patients (68.7%) displayed moderate histiocytic hyperplasia with haemophagocytosis (HHH) in bone marrow, three patients (18.7%) displayed severe HHH and the remainder were mild. All HScore parameters were collected in 10 patients (62.5%). Among the patients in which all parameters were evaluable, eight patients (80%) had an HScore >169. sHLH was not clinically suspected in any case.ConclusionsOur results support the recommendation of some authors to use the HScore in patients with severe COVID-19 in order to identify those who could benefit from immunosuppressive therapies. The presence of haemophagocytosis in bone marrow tissue, despite not being a specific finding, has proved to be a very useful tool in our study to identify these patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of non-myeloablative lymphodepleting preconditioning regimens in patients undergoing adoptive T cell therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e001743
Author(s):  
Abraham Nissani ◽  
Shaked Lev-Ari ◽  
Tomer Meirson ◽  
Elad Jacoby ◽  
Nethanel Asher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Bone Marrow Suppression ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

BackgroundAdoptive cell therapy with T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) or tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) demonstrates impressive clinical results in patients with cancer. Lymphodepleting preconditioning prior to cell infusion is an integral part of all adoptive T cell therapies. However, to date, there is no standardization and no data comparing different non-myeloablative (NMA) regimens.MethodsIn this study, we compared NMA therapies with different doses of cyclophosphamide or total body irradiation (TBI) in combination with fludarabine and evaluated bone marrow suppression and recovery, cytokine serum levels, clinical response and adverse events.ResultsWe demonstrate that a cumulative dose of 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 125 mg/m2 fludarabine (120Cy/125Flu) and 60Cy/125Flu preconditioning were equally efficient in achieving deep lymphopenia and neutropenia in patients with metastatic melanoma, whereas absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) and absolute neutrophil counts were significantly higher following 200 cGyTBI/75Flu-induced NMA. Thrombocytopenia was most profound in 120Cy/125Flu patients. 30Cy/75Flu-induced preconditioning in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia resulted in a minor ALC decrease, had no impact on platelet counts and did not yield deep neutropenia. Following cell infusion, 120Cy/125Flu patients with objective tumor response had significantly higher ALC and significant lower inflammatory indexes, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis 7 days after cell infusion was performed to determine the cut-offs, which distinguish between responding and non-responding patients in the 120Cy/125Flu cohort. NLR≤1.79 and PLR≤32.7 were associated with clinical response and overall survival. Cytokine serum levels did not associate with clinical response in patients with TIL. Patients in the 120Cy/125Flu cohort developed significantly more acute NMA-related adverse events, including thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia and cardiotoxicity, and stayed significantly longer in hospital compared with the 60Cy/125Flu and TBI/75Flu cohorts.ConclusionsBone marrow depletion and recovery were equally affected by 120Cy/125Flu and 60Cy/125Flu preconditioning; however, toxicity and consequently duration of hospitalization were significantly lower in the 60Cy/125Flu cohort. Patients in the 30Cy/75Flu and TBI/75Flu groups rarely developed NMA-induced adverse events; however, both regimens were not efficient in achieving deep bone marrow suppression. Among the regimens, 60Cy/125Flu preconditioning seems to achieve maximum effect with minimum toxicity.

scholarly journals Links between fecal microbiota and the response to vaccination against influenza A virus in pigs

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Borey ◽  
Fany Blanc ◽  
Gaëtan Lemonnier ◽  
Jean-Jacques Leplat ◽  
Deborah Jardet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThis study describes the associations between fecal microbiota and vaccine response variability in pigs, using 98 piglets vaccinated against the influenza A virus at 28 days of age (D28) with a booster at D49. Immune response to the vaccine is measured at D49, D56, D63, and D146 by serum levels of IAV-specific IgG and assays of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). Analysis of the pre-vaccination microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA reveals a higher vaccine response in piglets with a richer microbiota, and shows that 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are differentially abundant between high and low IAV-specific IgG producers at D63. A stronger immune response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genus Prevotella and family Muribaculaceae, and a weaker response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genera Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella. A set of 81 OTUs accurately predicts IAV-specific IgG and HAI titer levels at all time points, highlighting early and late associations between pre-vaccination fecal microbiota composition and immune response to the vaccine.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4242-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gonzalez-Esquerra ◽  
Raquel B Araujo ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Joao L Kill ◽  
Anderson F Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

Decreased Cysteine and Glutathione Levels: Possible Determinants of Liver Toxicity Risk in Ghanaian Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
N-A Ankrah ◽  
T Rikimaru ◽  
F A Ekuban ◽  
M M Addae
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Group 1

Cysteine, methionine, vitamin A, β-carotene and glutathione (GSH) are known to protect body tissues against oxidative damage and inflammation but their value as protection against liver inflammation in tropical areas has received little attention. Blood levels of these nutrients were measured in Ghanaian volunteers with (Group 2) or without (Group 1) increased lipid peroxidation and signs of liver inflammation, as indicated by blood malonic dialdehyde, serum α1-antitrypsin and triglyceride levels, and the α1-acid glycoprotein: pre-albumin ratio. Serum levels of cysteine and blood glutathione were significantly lower ( P < 0.02) in group 2 than in group 1 volunteers. In contrast, serum levels of methionine, vitamin A and β-carotene were similar in both groups. Deficits in cysteine and glutathione may increase the risk of liver toxicity from oxidants in Ghanaians.

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