Pressure and flow in epicardial coronary veins of the dog heart: responses to positive inotropism

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Armour ◽  
G. A. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Coronary Vein ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Coronary Veins ◽  
Coronary Sinus Flow ◽  
The Right

Peripheral coronary venous pressures and coronary sinus venous flow were measured in the canine heart as well as intramyocardial, intraventricular, aortic, and coronary artery pressures. Maximum coronary venous flow occurred after maximum intramyocardial and peripheral coronary artery pressures had been reached. Maximum venous flow occurred at or following the maximum peripheral coronary vein pressure. Positive inotropic changes induced by stimulation of the right or left stellate ganglia or infusing isoproterenol, norepinephrine, or dobutamine significantly increased intramyocardial pressure, systolic epicardial coronary venous pressure, and systolic coronary venous flow. Mean coronary sinus flow was augmented by all interventions except isoproterenol. The estimated systolic vein resistance was slightly increased following right stellate ganglion stimulation, but not following left stellate ganglion stimulation, isoproterenol, or dobutamine. Norepinephrine reduced this parameter minimally. These data indicate that coronary veins respond differently to a variety of different positive inotropic interventions.

Epicardial coronary venous pressure

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Armour ◽  
G. A. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Coronary Vein ◽  
Intramyocardial Pressure ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
Peak Pressures

Coronary venous pressure was measured in two sites in the canine heart. Central coronary venous pressure was that pressure recorded by a catheter in an epicardial coronary vein directed antegrade towards the coronary sinus. This pressure was 6 ± 1/0.2 ± 0.6 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Peripheral coronary venous pressure was recorded by a catheter in an epicardial vein which was directed towards the apex. It was 27 ± 5/8 ± 2 mmHg. Simultaneous measurement of peripheral coronary artery and vein pressures demonstrated similar pressure wave forms with peak pressures during systole. Peripheral coronary venous pressure was similar if measured from a side branch leading to the major epicardial veins or via a catheter placed retrograde in a major epicardial vein. Thus artifact of measurement caused by antegrade catheter placement was negligible. During norepinephrine administration, venous pressures were significantly increased. These data suggest that coronary venous pressures are higher than is generally assumed and that intramyocardial pressure has an important effect upon coronary venous pressure.

Coronary venous pressure and flow: effects of vagal stimulation, aortic occlusion, and vasodilators

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Klassen ◽  
J. A. Armour
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Intramyocardial Pressure ◽  
Coronary Sinus Flow ◽  
Venous Resistance ◽  
Flow Effects

Coronary venous pressure and coronary sinus flow in the canine heart were compared with intramyocardial, intraventricular, aortic, and coronary artery pressures. Stimulation of the thoracic vagus augmented coronary venous pressure, mean venous flow per systole, and coronary venous systolic resistance, but decreased the mean venous flow. Partial occlusion of the aorta augmented coronary venous pressure and coronary venous flow, while systolic coronary venous resistance remained unchanged. Adenosine increased peripheral and central coronary venous pressure and venous flow; it reduced peripheral coronary artery presure. Adenosine augmented flow per systole and reduced venous resistance more than the other interventions. Dipyridamole decreased left ventricular, aortic, and central coronary artery systolic pressures and systolic venous resistance. It increased the venous flow, mean flow per systole, and coronary venous pressure, even though intramyocardial pressure remained unchanged. Nitroglycerine elevated coronary venous pressure and flow, as well as venous flow per systole, even though it decreased left ventricular, aortic, and central coronary artery pressures. Nitroglycerine significantly decreased coronary venous resistance. It is concluded that coronary venous resistance may be an important resistive component to consider when the total coronary circulation is studied.

Cessation of arterial and venous flow at a finite driving pressure in porcine coronary circulation

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. H525-H531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bellamy ◽  
J. D. O'Benar
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Artery Flow

We investigated the hypothesis that coronary capacitance is responsible for epicardial coronary artery flow stopping at arterial pressures greater than the coronary venous pressure. Using an in situ blood-perfused swine heart preparation, we compared the arterial pressures at which coronary artery inflow and coronary sinus outflow ceased. A pressure change was used that had the time course of aortic pressure during diastole. Data were obtained in hypocalcemic-arrested, adenosine-vasodilated preparations before and after pharmacologic interventions simulating the coronary circulation of the intact beating heart. The effect of extravascular compression was studied with barium contracture, while acetylcholine was infused to increase coronary vasomotor tone. The arterial pressure when arterial flow ceased was 13 +/- 5 mmHg in the arrested-vasodilated preparations, 37 +/- 10 mmHg after acetylcholine, and from 18 to 150 mmHg during barium contracture. Coronary sinus outflow ceased when arterial pressure was slightly less than the arterial pressure at which arterial flow had stopped. The differences between the arterial and venous zero flow arterial pressures were as follows: arrested-vasodilated 4 +/- 3 mmHg, acetylcholine 9 +/- 4, and barium contracture 0 +/- 3. The arteriovenous pressure gradients across the coronary bed at the instant venous flow ceased were as follows: arrested-vasodilated 5 +/- 6 mmHg, acetylcholine 23 +/- 6, and from 12 to 128 during barium contracture. These data do not support the suggestion that cessation of epicardial artery flow is solely a capacitance phenomenon.

Double right coronary artery with anomalous origin of septal arteries from the right coronary sinus

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnakumar Nair ◽  
K.Mahadevan Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Jaganmohan A. Tharakan
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Anomalous Origin ◽  
The Right

MORPHOMETRIC ANATOMY AND INTRAORGAN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CORONARY ORIFICES IN HEART OF ADULT HUMAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Андрей Аркадьевич Якимов ◽  
Евгения Германовна Дмитриева
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Sinotubular Junction ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Right

Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого человека при разных типах кровоснабжения желудочкового комплекса сердца. Материал и методы. На вскрытых через некоронарные синусы аорты 65 препаратах клапанов аорты взрослых людей изучили положение устьев венечных артерий, штангенциркулем измеряли минимальный и максимальный диаметры каждого устья, определяли их форму по соотношению диаметров. Результаты. Для устьев обеих артерий типичной была округлая, реже овальная форма. В большинстве случаев левая венечная артерия начиналась в центральной трети, правая - в центральной или задней трети «своего» синуса на уровне верхнего края полулунной заслонки или между ним и синотубулярным соединением. Локализация устьев в пределах синусов, на уровне синотубулярного соединения или выше него была редкой для обеих артерий. В 20 % случаев в правом синусе аорты спереди от устья правой венечной артерии имелось устье конусной артерии. Выводы. Типичные и редкие варианты формы правого и левого устьев, варианты их положения по вертикальной оси аорты одинаковы, варианты их положения по горизонтали различны. Зависимость вариантов формы и положения устьев от типа кровоснабжения желудочков сердца не выявлена. Objective - to reveal common and rare variants of the anatomy and intraorganic topography of the coronary orifices in normal hearts of adult human with regard to patterns of cardiac ventricular blood supply. Material and methods. On 65 specimens of aortic valves opened through non-coronary sinus, the minimal and maximal diameters of each orifice were measured with a caliper, the shape of the orifices was determined according to the ratio of the diameters, and the position of the orifices was studied. Results. The orifices of both right and left coronary arteries were mostly found to be round, less frequently oval. In most cases, the left coronary artery arose from the central third and the right artery arose from the central or posterior third of corresponding sinus at the level of the upper edge of the semilunar cusp or between the edge and the sinotubular junction. The localization of the arterial orifice within the sinuses at the level of sinotubular junction or above it was uncommon for the both arteries. In 20 % of cases, the conal artery arose with its own orifice in front of the mouth of the right coronary artery. Conclusions. Typical and rare shapes of the coronary orifices, variants of their position regarding to vertical axis of the aorta are the same, whereas variants of their position in horizontal axis are different. There is no relationship between variants of form of the orifices, position of the orifices and types of blood supply of heart ventricles.

Canine coronary venous pressures: responses to positive inotropism and vasodilation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Klassen ◽  
J. A. Armour
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Occlusion ◽  
Venous Tone ◽  
Coronary Veins ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Intramyocardial Pressure ◽  
Positive Inotropism

The epicardial coronary venous pressure in 16 dogs was compared with coronary arterial pressure as well as aortic, intraventricular, and intramyocardial pressures. Partial aortic occlusion augmented intraventricular (IVP), intramyocardial (IMP), aortic (AP), and coronary arterial pressures. Peripheral coronary venous pressure was also elevated. Dobutamine significantly augmented IVP and IMP but not aortic or central coronary artery pressures; this agent significantly elevated coronary venous systolic pressure (28/8 to 84/12 mmHg) (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Nitroglycerine decreased IVP, IMP, and AP significantly. Central coronary arterial pressure also fell significantly, but coronary venous pressures remained unchanged. In contrast dipyridamole resulted in no change in IVP, IMP, AP, or coronary arterial systolic pressures; however, the peripheral coronary venous systolic pressure became significantly elevated. Thus the two vasodilators, nitroglycerine and dipyridamole, had different effects upon coronary venous pressure. These data reinforce the recently expressed view that coronary veins behave in a complex fashion and further suggest that their pressures are dependent upon coronary artery pressure, intramyocardial pressure, and coronary venous tone.

Evaluation of use of left coronary artery inflow and O2 content of coronary sinus blood as a measure of left ventricular metabolism

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1072
Author(s):  
C. R. Rayford ◽  
E. M. Khouri ◽  
F. B. Lewis ◽  
D. E. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Coronary Veins ◽  
Coronary Sinus Blood

Page 817: C. R. Rayford, E. M. Khouri, F. B. Lewis and D. E. Gregg, “Evaluation of use of left coronary artery inflow and O2 content of coronary sinus blood as a measure of left ventricular metabolism.” Under methods line 12 should read: After the coronary sinus was carefully dissected, a suture was passed around it for cannulation. The suture was placed distal to the orifices of the coronary veins which drain near the mouth of the coronary sinus (verified at autopsy).

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