Effect of mineralocorticoids on collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion in the rabbit

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. M. Robson ◽  
M. L. Halperin ◽  
B.J. Stinebaugh ◽  
M. B. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Alkaline Urine ◽  
Ion Secretion

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism whereby a potassium infusion led to an elevation in the urine minus blood (U – B) [Formula: see text] difference in alkaline urine of the rabbit. Rabbits given 9α-flurohydrocortisone 16 h prior to study had a significantly higher U – B [Formula: see text] than control rabbits. However, the U – B [Formula: see text] was increased further after potassium infusion. These results suggest that the increased collecting duet hydrogen ion secretion in the rabbit may in part have been induced by mineralocorticoids and in addition been influenced by increasing the potassium concentration.

Relationship between potassium, acid secretion and bioelectric potentials of frog gastric mucosa in the presence of histamine and thiocyanate

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Harris ◽  
Isidore S. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Secretion ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Bioelectric Potentials ◽  
Sustained Increase

The transmucosal potential difference (PD), the rate of H+ secretion and the net flux of potassium from nutrient to secretory phases (JnsK) of the frog gastric mucosa were studied in vitro by the chamber method. Histamine produced a fall in PD, a sustained increase in H+ production and an equivocal rise in JnsK. Increasing the nutrient potassium concentration (Kn) to 8.5 mEq/l. in the presence of histamine induced a depression in PD, although the rate of acid secretion was unchanged. Hydrogen ion secretion decreased when the nutrient potassium concentration was decreased to 1 mEq/l. despite the continued presence of histamine. The response of JnsK to alterations in nutrient potassium concentration was unaffected by the presence of either histamine or thiocyanate. Thiocyanate produced almost complete inhibition of H+ secretion and a rise in PD. Raising the nutrient potassium concentration in the presence of thiocyanate produced a prompt and sustained fall in PD, followed by a transient rise when Kn was lowered. Alterations of the nutrient potassium concentration in the presence of thiocyanate had no effect on the rate of acidification. The data indicate that under certain circumstances PD and H+ secretion can be uncoupled and that the inverse relationship between Kn and PD is substantially independent of the rate of H+ secretion.

scholarly journals Studies on the regulation of hydrogen ion secretion in the collecting duct in vivo: Evaluation of factors that influence the urine minus blood PCO2 difference

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Cheung Tam ◽  
Marc B. Goldstein ◽  
Bobby J. Stinebaugh ◽  
Ching-Bun Chen ◽  
André Gougoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Ion Secretion

Importance of medullary events in ammonium excretion: studies in acute respiratory and acute metabolic acidosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Gougoux ◽  
Patrick Vinay ◽  
Guy Lemieux ◽  
Marc Goldstein ◽  
Bobby Stinebaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ammonium Excretion ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Ion Secretion ◽  
Medullary Collecting Duct ◽  
Acute Metabolic Acidosis

The renal medulla can play an important role in acid excretion by modulating both hydrogen ion secretion in the medullary collecting duct and the medullary [Formula: see text]. The purpose of these experiments was to characterize the intrarenal events associated with ammonium excretion in acute acidosis. Cortical events were monitored in two ways: first, the rates of glutamine extraction and ammoniagenesis were assessed by measuring arteriovenous differences and the rate of renal blood flow; second, the biochemical response of the ammoniagenesis pathway was examined by measuring glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate, key renal cortical metabolites in this pathway. There were no significant differences noted in any of these cortical parameters between acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Despite a comparable twofold rise in ammonium excretion in both cases, the urine pH, [Formula: see text], and the urine minus blood [Formula: see text] difference (U-B [Formula: see text]) were lower during acute hypercapnia. In these experiments, the urine [Formula: see text] was 34 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) lower than that of the blood during acute respiratory acidosis while the U-B [Formula: see text] was 5 ± 3 mmHg in acute metabolic acidosis. Thus there were significant differences in medullary events during these two conditions. Although the urine pH is critical in determining ammonium excretion in certain circumstances, these results suggest that regional variations in the medullary [Formula: see text] can modify this relationship.

scholarly journals Studies on the mechanism whereby acidemia stimulates collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion in vivo

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gougoux ◽  
Patrick Vinay ◽  
Guy Lemieux ◽  
Maria-Angelica Duran ◽  
Ching-Bun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Secretion

Cellular response to acute respiratory acidosis in rat medullary collecting duct

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. F670-F679 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Madsen ◽  
C. C. Tisher
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Apical Plasma Membrane ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Intercalated Cells ◽  
Ion Secretion ◽  
Medullary Collecting Duct

The collecting duct of the mammalian kidney is involved in urine acidification. Recent studies in the turtle bladder suggest that hydrogen ion secretion in response to elevated CO2 is regulated by insertion of hydrogen pumps into the luminal membrane of the mitochondria-rich cells. Because intercalated cells of the collecting duct are structurally similar to mitochondria-rich cells of the amphibian bladder, we studied the rat outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) during respiratory acidosis to determine whether changes compatible with hydrogen ion secretion occur in the intercalated cells. Rats were studied during normal acid-base conditions and after 4-5 h of respiratory acidosis. After collection of physiologic data, the kidneys were fixed by in vivo perfusion and processed for electron microscopy. No changes were observed in the principal cells of the OMCD. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the surface density of the apical plasma membrane and a decrease in the number of tubulovesicular profiles in the apical region of the intercalated cells throughout the OMCD with respiratory acidosis. There were no changes in surface density of the basolateral membrane. These findings suggest that in response to respiratory acidosis there is transport of membrane from the tubulovesicular membrane compartment to the apical plasma membrane of the intercalated cells.

Lack of Dependence of Urine Pco2 upon Reduction of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Alkalotic Dogs

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
B. J. Stinebaugh ◽  
T. H. Hostetter ◽  
R. A. Peraino ◽  
F. X. Schloeder ◽  
W. N. Suki
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Alkaline Urine ◽  
Ion Secretion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Acute Changes

1. The Pco2 gradient between alkaline urine and arterial blood (U—B Pco2) is thought to depend primarily on distal hydrogen ion secretion. However, other variables affecting the U—B Pco2 include the urine flow rate, the urinary bicarbonate and phosphate excretion rates and the glomerular filtration rate. 2. In order to evaluate the effects of acute changes in these factors on the U—B Pco2, bicarbonate-loaded dogs with maximal U—B Pco2 values were subjected to either acute unilateral elevations of ureteral pressure or hypotension caused by nitroprusside infusion. The results demonstrate that acute reduction in the glomerular fiitration rate does not cause a decrease in the U—B Pco2 as long as the urinary concentrations of phosphate and bicarbonate do not decline. 3. Urinary concentrations of phosphate and bicarbonate appeared more important than their excretion rates in the maintenance of elevated U—B Pco2 values.

scholarly journals Absence of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase pump in the collecting duct of a patient with hypokalemic distal renal tubular acidosis and Sjögren's syndrome.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
P E DeFranco ◽  
L Haragsim ◽  
P G Schmitz ◽  
B Bastani
Keyword(s):  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Renal Tubular Acidosis ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Band 3 ◽  
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Intercalated Cells ◽  
Band 3 Protein ◽  
Ion Secretion ◽  
Renal Tubular

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a common complication of autoimmune connective tissue diseases. The underlying pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis in these syndromes is frequently characterized by impaired hydrogen ion secretion, i.e., secretory defect dRTA. However, the precise molecular events leading to this disturbance remain poorly understood. An opportunity was recently afforded to examine the ultrastructural features of the collecting duct in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome and secretory defect dRTA. Immunocytochemical analysis of a renal biopsy obtained 12 months after the patient's initial presentation demonstrated a complete absence of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in the collecting duct. Antibodies to the 31- and 56-kd kidney-specific subunits of the H(+)-ATPase pump were used to characterize pump distribution. Interestingly, although antiserum to the CI-:HCO3- anion exchanger (band-3 protein) reacted strongly with normal human kidney and the patient's red blood cells, no immunoreactivity was observed in the patient's collecting duct epithelium. Importantly, electron microscopy of the patient's renal biopsy specimen disclosed cells that ultrastructurally were indistinguishable from intercalated cells. These results suggest that the functional basis of impaired hydrogen ion secretion in this patient was secondary to the absence of intact H(+)-ATPase pumps rather than defective pump function or distribution. The presence of intercalated cells ultrastructurally, but the absence of discernible staining for band-3 protein and H(+)-ATPase, also suggests that the defect in proton secretion may represent a defect involving the assembly of at least two of the ion transport pumps essential for the normal maintenance of acid-base homeostasis by the intercalated cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Characterization of distal hydrogen ion secretion in acute respiratory alkalosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. F203-F208
Author(s):  
J. T. Sehy ◽  
M. K. Roseman ◽  
J. A. Arruda ◽  
N. A. Kurtzman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Alkaline Urine ◽  
Ion Secretion

The effect of acute respiratory alkalosis (ARA) on distal nephron H+ secretion was evaluated by measuring urine-to-blood (U-B) Pco2 in dogs with highly alkaline urine (urine pH greater than 7.8). ARA led to a significant decrease in U-B Pco2 and in urine HCO3 concentration; urine pH, however, increased significantly, indicating that the decrease in urine Pco2 was of greater magnitude than the decrease in urine HCO3 concentration. For any given urine HCO3 concentration urine Pco2 was lower (i.e., urine pH was higher) in ARA than in controls. Administration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) during ARA resulted in a significant increase in U-B Pco2 to control values. In animals with moderately alkaline urine (urine pH 6.4--7.4) and high urine PO4 concentration, ARA resulted in a significant decrease in UB-Pco2 and urine PO4 concentrations. Neutral PO4 infusion in these dogs resulted in an increase in urine PO4 concentration and U-B Pco2 to control levels. These data demonstrate that ARA results in a significant decrease in U-B Pco2 that is not solely attributable to changes in urine HCO3 concentration. The observation that Tris and PO4 infusion during ARA raises U-B Pco2 to control levels suggests that the ability to secrete H+ is intact.

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