Different influences of two types of diets commonly used for rats on a series of parameters related to the metabolism of central serotonin and noradrenaline

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Héroux ◽  
Andrée G. Roberge
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Lower Serum Level ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase Activity

A commercial chow and a semipurified diet fed for 14 days to Sprague–Dawley male rats kept under standardized conditions of temperature, humidity, and light had different effects on a series of parameters related to the metabolism of central serotonin and noradrenaline. Rats fed the commercial chow had (1) a lower serum level of the six neutral amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and methionine) known to compete with tryptophan for its entry into the brain, (2) a higher ratio of tryptophan to the sum of the six neutral amino acids, (3) a lower ratio of tyrosine to the other five neutral amino acids, (4) a lower ratio of serotonin to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in hypothalamus, (5) a higher tryptophan hydroxylase activity in raphe nuclei, and (6) a higher content of noradrenaline in hypothalamus.It is suggested that chow fed rats had a more active central serotonin metabolism in hypothalamus than rats fed the semipurified diet.

Diet-independent suppression of ingestive behavior by cholecystokinin octapeptide and amino acids

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. R520-R527 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Mamoun ◽  
B. Anderstam ◽  
J. Bergstrom ◽  
G. A. Qureshi ◽  
P. Sodersten
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Cholecystokinin Octapeptide ◽  
Carbohydrate Solution

Male rats consumed much more of an intraorally administered mixed protein, fat and carbohydrate solution than of a carbohydrate solution. Injection of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 0.6-5.0 microgram) suppressed intake of both solutions, but the CCK-A receptor antagonist L-364, 718 (20-40 micrograms) facilitated only carbohydrate intake. Blood levels of CCK-8 were higher after intake of the carbohydrate than the mixed solution. Blood levels of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine, valine, and tryptophan increased only after intake of the mixed solution. Injection of these amino acids suppressed intake of both solutions. Blood levels of amino acids were also less after the seventh than after the first session ingesting the mixed solution. Treatment with CCK-8 or amino acids inhibits intake of any diet, but when secreted endogenously, these signals may terminate the meal in a diet-dependent manner.

scholarly journals CHANGE OF INDICES OF THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF RATS’ HEARTS AT ARTIFICIAL HYPOBIOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Anna Umanska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Artificial Hypobiosis

A series of unsolved questions in such sciences as: medicine, veterinary, biology still exist in the modern world. One of them is a search for new promising ways of anaesthetization, at which it would be unnecessary to use apparatuses as an “artificial heart”, “artificial ventilation of lungs” at short-term surgical interventions. Just artificial hypobiosis may become one of such methods. Main conditions for creation are a synchronous effect of such factors as hypoxia, hypercapnia, hypothermia. That is why for confirming the safety of this method in pre-clinical studies with a further perspective of using at clinical ones, it is necessary to study the mechanism of an effect and influence of the hypobiotic condition on the homeostasis of the living organism in detail. Rats are the best research object in this case. Just they have a similar physiological structure of such organs as a heart. An urgent question about changes that take place in the amino acid composition under the hypobiotic effect still be unexplained. That is why the aim of the study was to investigate amino acid changes of the rat heart under condition of artificial hypobiosis. White outbred male rats with mass 180–200 g were used in the experiments. The animals were divided in groups: control (intact) and experimental: the condition of artificial hypobiosis (first group) and 24 hours after release from artificial hypobiosis (second group). The number of animals in each group n=5. The experiments were conducted according to requirements of “The European convention about protection of vertebral animals, used with experimental or other scientific aims” (Strasbourg, France 1985), by general ethical principles of experiments with animals, approved by the First national congress of Ukraine on bioethics (2001). As a result of the conducted studies, a little decrease of several amino acids under condition of artificial hypobiosis was demonstrated. First of all, a decrease of such amino acids as aminosuccinic, glutamic, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, arginine was observed in rats’ hearths under artificial hypobiosis. There was also demonstrated an increase of the level of these amino acids in rats’ hearts after 24 hours after release from it.

Endocrine Effects of Chronic Administration of Psychoactive Drugs to Prepubertal Male Rats. II. LSD

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Collu ◽  
Jacques Letarte ◽  
Gilles Lebœuf ◽  
Jacques R. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
High Dosage Group ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Low Dosage

The endocrine effects of chronic D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) administration to prepubertal animals were studied by injecting intraperitoneally three times a week for a month either 100 μg or 500 μg of the psychoactive drug per kilogram or the vehicle to groups of Sprague–Dawley male rats starting at 21 days of age. Animals injected with either dosage of LSD had smaller body weights than controls and tail length was significantly reduced in the high dosage group, plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) were decreased in the high dosage group, and pituitary levels in the low dosage group. Plasma levels and pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were not significantly modified by the drug. The low dosage of LSD decreased the brain levels of noradrenaline and increased those of dopamine, while the high dosage decreased those of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data suggest that LSD, when administered chronically to developing animals, can inhibit body growth probably by altering the secretion of GH through modifications of its neuroendocrine control.

Diabetes, dietary tryptophan, and protein intake regulation in weanling rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (5) ◽  
pp. R307-R311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Woodger ◽  
A. Sirek ◽  
G. H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Intake Regulation

The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and tryptophan content of the protein fed on protein intake regulation by weanling rats selecting from 10 and 60% casein diets were evaluated. In uncompensated diabetes the ratio of tryptophan to other selected neutral amino acids in plasma and brain tryptophan were reduced, protein intake per unit of body weight was increased, and serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and norepinephrine were unaffected. Enrichment of the tryptophan content of the ingested protein caused a decrease in protein, but not energy consumption of both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The reduction in protein intake correlated inversely with increases in the tryptophan content relative to the neutral amino acids in plasma and with increases in brain tryptophan and serotonin levels in both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The data suggest that protein-feeding behavior is regulated by a mechanism that includes brain serotonergic activity with insulin, through its influence on circulating amino acids, determining the quantity of protein consumed in relation to body weight.

Atypical amino acids inhibit histidine, valine, or lysine transport into rat brain

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. R556-R563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Tews ◽  
A. E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Large Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Single Meal

Transport of histidine, valine, or lysine into rat brain slices and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined in the presence of atypical nonprotein amino acids. Competitors of histidine and valine transport in slices were large neutral amino acids including norleucine, norvaline, alpha-aminooctanoate, beta-methylphenylalanine, and alpha-aminophenylacetate. Less effective were aromatic amino acids with ring substituents; ineffective were basic amino acids and omega-amino isomers of norleucine and aminooctanoate. Lysine transport was moderately depressed by homoarginine or ornithine plus arginine; large neutral amino acids were also similarly inhibitory. Histidine or valine transport across the BBB was also strongly inhibited by large neutral amino acids that were the most effective competitors in the slices (norvaline, norleucine, alpha-aminooctanoate, and alpha-aminophenylacetate); homoarginine and 8-aminooctanoate were ineffective. Homoarginine, ornithine, and arginine almost completely blocked lysine transport, but the large neutral amino acids were barely inhibitory. When rats were fed a single meal containing individual atypical large neutral amino acids or homoarginine, brain pools of certain large neutral amino acids or of arginine and lysine, respectively, were depleted.

scholarly journals Characteristics of system ASC for transport of neutral amino acids in the isolated rat hepatocyte.

1981 ◽  
Vol 256 (7) ◽  
pp. 3304-3312
Author(s):  
M.S. Kilberg ◽  
M.E. Handlogten ◽  
H.N. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Hepatocyte ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Isolated Rat

scholarly journals Characteristics of a lysosomal membrane transport system for tyrosine and other neutral amino acids in rat thyroid cells.

1986 ◽  
Vol 261 (36) ◽  
pp. 17107-17112
Author(s):  
J Bernar ◽  
F Tietze ◽  
L D Kohn ◽  
I Bernardini ◽  
G S Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Thyroid

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

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