Simultaneous measurement of cell loss and gastric potential difference in the rat: Effects of short-term fasting

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Harding ◽  
G. P. Morris ◽  
C. Doan
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gastric Potential Difference

These experiments utilized ex vivo gastric chamber preparations in both fed rats and rats fasted for 14–18 h. A new, simple technique is described for the quantification of cells in small volumes of fluid. The data indicate that exposure to solutions of 50 mM HCl was accompanied by greater cell loss in fasted vs. fed animals. The gastric potential differences of mucosae exposed to Ringer's mammalian saline, and subsequently to 50 mM HCl, were consistently at least 10 mV more negative in fasted animals.

Persistent gastric-protective effect of antacid evaluated by measurement of transmucosal gastric potential difference

1988 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Bergmann ◽  
Charles Caulin ◽  
Guy Simoneau ◽  
Guy Dorf ◽  
Jean-Marc Segrestaa
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Gastric Potential Difference

scholarly journals Experimental Models to Study COVID-19 Effect in Stem Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rishi Man Chugh ◽  
Payel Bhanja ◽  
Andrew Norris ◽  
Subhrajit Saha
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Impact

The new strain of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) emerged in 2019 and hence is often referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease causes hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and is considered as the cause of a global pandemic. Very limited reports in addition to ex vivo model systems are available to understand the mechanism of action of this virus, which can be used for testing of any drug efficacy against virus infectivity. COVID-19 induces tissue stem cell loss, resulting inhibition of epithelial repair followed by inflammatory fibrotic consequences. Development of clinically relevant models is important to examine the impact of the COVID-19 virus in tissue stem cells among different organs. In this review, we discuss ex vivo experimental models available to study the effect of COVID-19 on tissue stem cells.

Effect of Processed and Non-processed Coffee Samples on Gastric Potential Difference

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 626-630
Author(s):  
Anne Ehrlich ◽  
Peter Lücker ◽  
Andrea Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Potential Difference ◽  
Gastric Potential Difference

scholarly journals Ex vivo expansion with stem cell factor and interleukin-11 augments both short-term recovery posttransplant and the ability to serially transplant marrow

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 4589-4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Holyoake ◽  
MG Freshney ◽  
L McNair ◽  
AN Parker ◽  
PJ McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ex Vivo Expansion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ex Vivo Culture ◽  
Interleukin 11 ◽  
Transplantation Model

The characterization of many cytokines involved in the control of hematopoiesis has led to intense investigation into their potential use in ex vivo culture to expand progenitor numbers. We have established the optimum ex vivo culture conditions that allow substantial amplification of transient engrafting murine stem cells and which, simultaneously, augment the ability to sustain serial bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Short-term incubation of unfractionated BM cells in liquid culture with stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-11 (IL- 11) produced a 50-fold amplification of clonogenic multipotential progenitors (CFU-A). Following such ex vivo expansion, substantially fewer cells were required to rescue lethally irradiated mice. When transplanted in cell doses above threshold for engraftment, BM cells expanded ex vivo resulted in significantly more rapid hematopoietic recovery. In a serial transplantation model, unmanipulated BM was only able to consistently sustain secondary BMT recipients, but BM expanded ex vivo has sustained quaternary BMT recipients that remain alive and well more than 140 days after 4th degree BMT. These results show augmentation of both short-term recovery posttransplant and the ability to serially transplant marrow by preincubation in culture with SCF and IL-11.

Adhesion of Leukocytes to Growing Arterial Thrombi

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Einar Roald ◽  
Torstein Lyberg ◽  
Inger Anne Hagberg
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Rate Characteristic ◽  
Platelet Thrombi ◽  
Contrast Flow

SummarySince the role of leukocytes found present in thrombi and haemo-static plugs is not clearly understood, we have investigated the interaction between leukocytes and growing thrombi in a human ex vivo model of arterial thrombogenesis. At a wall shear rate characteristic of moderately stenosed arteries (2600 s–1), granulocytes selectively accumulated at the luminal surface of platelet thrombi. The leukocyte adhesion seemed independent of fibrin formation and was clearly correlated to thrombus growth and platelet activation. In contrast, flow cytometry revealed that the expression of adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD3, CD14, CD62L, HLA-DR and binding of fibrinogen) on the surface of circulating leukocytes passing the thrombi was, on short term conditions (15 min), independent of thrombus growth. The adhered granulocytes probably play a pivotal role in limiting the size of the evolving thrombi, as suggested by our electron micrographs of the arterial thrombi showing lysed and phagocytosed platelets. Thus, granulocytes might play an active role in the acute/semiacute phase of local thromboregulation.

scholarly journals During EPO or anemia challenge, erythroid progenitor cells transit through a selectively expandable proerythroblast pool

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (24) ◽  
pp. 5334-5346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Dev ◽  
Jing Fang ◽  
Pradeep Sathyanarayana ◽  
Anamika Pradeep ◽  
Christine Emerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Erythroid Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

Abstract Investigations of bone marrow (BM) erythroblast development are important for clinical concerns but are hindered by progenitor cell and tissue availability. We therefore sought to more specifically define dynamics, and key regulators, of the formation of developing BM erythroid cell cohorts. A unique Kit−CD71highTer119− “stage E2” proerythroblast pool first is described, which (unlike its Kit+ “stage E1” progenitors, or maturing Ter119+ “stage E3” progeny) proved to selectively expand ∼ 7-fold on erythropoietin challenge. During short-term BM transplantation, stage E2 proerythroblasts additionally proved to be a predominantly expanded progenitor pool within spleen. This E1→E2→E3 erythroid series reproducibly formed ex vivo, enabling further characterizations. Expansion, in part, involved E1 cell hyperproliferation together with rapid E2 conversion plus E2 stage restricted BCL2 expression. Possible erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor proerythroblast stage specific events were further investigated in mice expressing minimal erythropoietin receptor alleles. For a hypomorphic erythropoietin receptor-HM allele, major defects in erythroblast development occurred selectively at stage E2. In addition, stage E2 cells proved to interact productively with primary BM stromal cells in ways that enhanced both survival and late-stage development. Overall, findings reveal a novel transitional proerythroblast compartment that deploys unique expansion devices.

Enhanced NK Cell Activation, Cytotoxicity and Ex-Vivo Expansion (EvE) of Cryopreserved Cord Blood (CB) Natural Killer (NK) Cells: Potential Role for CB NK Cells in Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy (ACI).

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 726-726
Author(s):  
Janet Ayello ◽  
Julia Nemiroff ◽  
Prakash Satwani ◽  
Carmella van de Ven ◽  
Evan Shereck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Granzyme B ◽  
Cellular Immunotherapy ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cd107a Expression ◽  
Short Term Culture

Abstract CD56+ NK subsets exhibit differential NK receptors (NKR ) such as NCR profiles including killer-Ig-like receptors (KIR), C-lectin (NKG2) and natural cytoxicity receptors (NCR) involved with tumor target recognition (Farag et al Blood, 2002). NK cell activation and NK mediated cytolysis is induced by several NKRs such as NCR (i.e. NKp44, NKp46) and NKG2 surface receptors like NKG2D (Moretta et al, Curr Opinion in Immunol, 2004). Target cell killing by activated NK cells via the granule-dependent pathway is a common mechanism of NK and CTLs and degranulation is followed by the expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 [LAMP-1] on the cell surface (Penack et al, Leukemia, 2005). CB is limited by the absence of available donor effector cells (NK, CTL, LAK and NKT cells) for infusion after UCBT (Cairo, et al, Transfusion, 2005). We have demonstrated the ability to EvE CB in short-term culture (48 hrs) with IL-2, IL-7, IL-12 and anti-CD3 (ABCY) cryopreserved, thawed, recryopreserved, rethawed and EvE (CTCTE) CB with significant increase in CD3−/16+/56+ bright/dim subsets expressing KIR3DL1, KIR2DL1/S1, KIR2DL2 and CD94/NKG2a (Ayello/Cairo et al BBMT, 2006). In this study, we compared short-term culture (48 hrs) with prolonged cultures (4 to 10 days) on expansion, expression of NCR, NKG2, KIR and cytolytic ability and mechanisms in CTCTE CB. Rethawed nonadherent CB cells were cultured (2–10 days) in serum-free media alone or with anti-CD3 (50 ng/ml), IL-2 (5 ng/ml), IL-7 (10 ng/ml) and IL-12 (10 ng/ml) [ABCY]. NKR expression (CD94, NKG2D, Nkp44 and KIR2DS4), intracellular perforin, granzyme B activity and LAMP-1 receptor (CD107a) expression were determined by flow cytometry. Cytoxicity was measured by europium release assay and tumor targets used were K562, Daudi, neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) and AML (Kasumi-1) at a 20:1 E:T ratio. C-lectin activating receptor CD94/NKG2D was increased at day 7 vs 2 following ABCY EvE (41.4±0.43 vs 23.7±2.%, p<0.001). Significant increases were seen in activating KIR2DS4 at day 10 vs 2 in ABCY in both CD3−/16+/56+dim and bright subsets (16.9±0.4 vs 2.1±0.2% and 22.3±0.3 vs 0.9± 0.2%, p<0.001, respectively). In contrast, NCR expression in CD3−/16+/56+dim NKp44 subset was significantly decreased at day 10 vs 2 of EvE CB in ABCY (15.2±0.7 vs 27.2±0.7%, p<0.001). Granzyme B expression was increased from day 2 to 10 (25.8± vs 45.1± 1.7%, p<0.001) yet perforin was decreased in EvE CB in ABCY at day 7 vs 2 (68.3±2.19 vs 84.3±1.3%, p<0.001). CD107a expression was significantly increased at day 7 vs 2 in ABCY EvE CB (12.95±1.47 vs 69.34±2.22%, p<0.001). In addition, significant increases in cytolytic activity was demonstrated at day 7 vs 2 of EvE CB cells in ABCY against tumor targets K562 (71.5±±0.81 vs 53.8±3.9%, p<0.001), Daudi (63.9±0.73 vs 31.8±1.8%, p<0.001), SYSY5Y (76.8±6.5 vs 57.5±3.4%, p<0.05) and Kasumi-1 (56.6.5±0.4 vs 38±1.1%, p<0.001). In summary, CB MNC may be thawed at time of CB transplantation, recryopreserved, rethawed at a later date, EvE and activated for up to 10 days to yield significantly increased cytotolytic activity against NHL, AML and neuroblastoma with increased expression of NK KAR KIR2DS4 and granzyme B, LAMP-1 degranulation (NK activation) but decreased NK C-lection CD94/NKG2D, NCR NKp44 and perforin expression.

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