Effect of a local cold stress on peripheral temperatures of Inuit, Oriental, and Caucasian subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Livingstone ◽  
J. Grayson ◽  
L. D. Reed ◽  
D. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Finger Temperature ◽  
Cold Stimulus ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Male subjects comprised of six Inuit from Igloolik, N.W.T., and five Orientals and six Caucasians from Toronto, Ont., volunteered for tests to determine the effect of localized cold stress on peripheral temperatures. In each subject, skin temperatures of the right index finger, the arm, and the cheek, as well as blood pressure and heart rate, were measured before, during, and after foot immersion in water of 10 °C temperature for 10 min. There was an immediate decrease in finger temperature on foot immersion in all three subject groups; however, the Inuit finger temperatures recovered very quickly to control values, the Caucasian finger temperatures began to increase after decreasing for 7.5 min, and the Oriental finger temperatures decreased continuously during the foot immersion and remained cool even 10 min after the removal of the cold stimulus. The cold stimulus did not affect the cheek or arm temperatures of any of the groups. In all subjects, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates increased on foot immersion, gradually returning towards normal values. No intergroup differences were seen in these parameters.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF THYROXINE TREATMENT IN NORMAL RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1647-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznák ◽  
A. Marcsán ◽  
T. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Aortic Constriction ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
The Right

Metabolic rate, blood pressure, weight and rate of the heart, cardiac output, and work were determined at weekly intervals in groups of normal rats receiving thyroxine. The measurements were made before and during the infusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the right side of the heart. The maximum values of cardiac output and work obtained during infusion were considered to be an approximate measure of the strength of the heart. Cardiac output and work in thyroxine-treated rats far exceeded the normal values before as well as during infusion. The greater strength was not merely the consequence of the greater size of the heart which developed in the course of thyroxine treatment. Hearts of similar size — coming from larger normal rats or from smaller normal rats with cardiac hypertrophy due to aortic constriction — did significantly less work than the hearts of thyroxine-treated rats.

ICV infusion of corticosterone antagonizes ICV-aldosterone hypertension

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. E649-E653 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Gomez-Sanchez ◽  
M. T. Venkataraman ◽  
D. Thwaites ◽  
C. Fort
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Right

There is evidence of crucial central nervous system involvement in the pathogenesis of mineralocorticoid-excess salt hypertension, as well as data indicating that corticosterone is the predominant ligand for the type I adrenocorticoid receptor in the brain. Miniosmotic pumps were used to deliver artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), aldosterone (10 ng/h), corticosterone (10 or 20 ng/h), aldosterone (10 ng/h) plus corticosterone [10 ng/h intracerebroventricularly (icv)], or aldosterone (10 ng/h) plus corticosterone (20 ng/h icv). All animals were sensitized to mineralocorticoid hypertension by removing the right kidney and offering saline to drink. Indirect blood pressure by the unheated tail-cuff method and weights were measured twice weekly; 24-h urine volumes were measured once a week. The blood pressures of the four groups did not differ statistically before infusion. The blood pressures of those animals receiving CSF or corticosterone were not significantly elevated after 4-5 wk of intracerebroventricular infusion, whereas the aldosterone group had become significantly elevated within 2 wk. A similar study was done comparing the effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone (10 ng/h), aldosterone (10 ng/h) and RU26988 (20 ng/h), and RU26988 (20 ng/h). RU26988, a selective type II receptor agonist, had no effect on the blood pressure, nor did it alter the pressor effect of intracerebroventricular aldosterone. The concomitant infusion of corticosterone antagonized the increase in blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Neither steroid nor their combinations produced significant differences in daily urine volume or body weight gain compared with the CSF group.

Intraventricular blood pressures in the chicken

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Bredeck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

Direct heart punctures were made in two groups of unanesthetized chickens to determine the left and right intraventricular blood pressures. One group was composed of nonlaying birds 28–30 weeks old and the other of laying hens 65–67 weeks of age. Heart rates and the respiratory influence on pressure were also measured. Average pressures obtained were 144/0 and 21/ - 1 mm Hg for the left and right ventricle, respectively. Respiratory efforts caused a mean fluctuation in systolic pressure of approximately 8 mm Hg in the left ventricle and 4 mm Hg in the right. With the exception of the right ventricular diastolic blood pressure, there were no significant pressure or pulse rate differences between the two groups. The heart rate and left ventricular pressure were found to be significantly correlated ( P < .01) in both groups of birds.

Diagnostic Mydriasis: Any Effects on Systolic Blood Pressure?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. K. Adediji ◽  
A. O. Adio ◽  
B. Fiebai ◽  
C. N. Pedro-Egbe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Rivers State

Aims: To determine the effects of diagnostic mydriasis using 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine on the systolic blood pressures of patients attending the Eye Clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Study Design:  Interventional comparative hospital based study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between November 2016 and January 2017. Methodology: This was an interventional ‘within-patient’ comparative hospital-based study conducted over 3 months, in which the eyes of 137 subjects requiring pupillary dilatation for dilated fundus examination received 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rates, pre and post dilation intraocular pressures (IOP), were amongst the parameters measured. Results: There were 137 study participants - 86 males (62.8%) and 51 females (37.2%). The mean age of participants was 44.87±15.94 years. The highest proportion of participants had refractive errors - 53.3% and 54.0% in the right and left eyes respectively. There were slight reductions in systolic (122.54±16.89 mmHg to 122.51±20.88 mmHg) and diastolic (79.35±11.47 mmHg to 78.12±12.62 mmHg) blood pressures. These differences in BP were however not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between Systolic blood pressure and Post dilation IOP (p=0.0001).

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF THYROXINE TREATMENT IN NORMAL RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1647-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznák ◽  
A. Marcsán ◽  
T. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Aortic Constriction ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
The Right

Metabolic rate, blood pressure, weight and rate of the heart, cardiac output, and work were determined at weekly intervals in groups of normal rats receiving thyroxine. The measurements were made before and during the infusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the right side of the heart. The maximum values of cardiac output and work obtained during infusion were considered to be an approximate measure of the strength of the heart. Cardiac output and work in thyroxine-treated rats far exceeded the normal values before as well as during infusion. The greater strength was not merely the consequence of the greater size of the heart which developed in the course of thyroxine treatment. Hearts of similar size — coming from larger normal rats or from smaller normal rats with cardiac hypertrophy due to aortic constriction — did significantly less work than the hearts of thyroxine-treated rats.

scholarly journals Efficacy of external warming in attenuation of hypothermia in surgical patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snjezana Zeba ◽  
Maja Surbatovic ◽  
Milan Marjanovic ◽  
Jasna Jevdjic ◽  
Zoran Hajdukovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Intraoperative Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Background/Aim. Hypothermia in surgical patients can be the consequence of long duration of surgical intervention, general anaesthesia and low temperature in operating room. Postoperative hypothermia contributes to a number of postoperative complications such as arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, hypertension, bleeding, wound infection, coagulopathy, and prolonged effect of muscle relaxants. External heating procedures are used to prevent this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of external warming system in alleviation of cold stress and hypothermia in patients who underwent major surgical procedures. Methods. The study was conducted in the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade. A total of 30 patients of both genders underwent abdominal surgical procedures, randomly divided into two equal groups: the one was externally warmed using warm air mattress (W), while in the control group (C) surgical procedure was performed in regular conditions, without additional warming. Oesophageal temperature (Te) was used as indicator of changes in core temperature, during surgery and awakening postoperative period, and temperature of control sites on the right hand (Th) and the right foot (Tf) reflected the changes in skin temperatures during surgery. Te and skin temperatures were monitored during the intraoperative period, with continuous measurement of Te during the following 90 minutes of the postoperative period. Heart rates and blood pressures were monitored continuously during the intraoperative and awakening period. Results. In the W group, the average Te, Tf and Th did not change significantly during the intraoperative as well as the postoperative period. In the controls, the average Te significantly decreased during the intraoperative period (from 35.61 ? 0.35?C at 0 minute to 33.86 ? 0.51?C at 120th minute). Compared to the W group, Te in the C group was significantly lower in all the observed periods. Average values of Tf and Th significantly decreased in the C group (from 30.83 ? 1.85 at 20th minute to 29.0 ? 1.39?C at 120th minute, and from 32.75 ? 0.96 to 31.05 ? 1.09?C, respectively). Conclusion. The obtained results confirm that the external warming using warm air mattress was able to attenuate hypothermia, i.e. substantial decrease in core temperature, compared with the similar exposure to cold stress in the control group.

Psychological Analyses of Haptic and Haptic-Visual Judgements of Extent

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Jones
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Magnitude Estimates

Magnitude estimates of haptic extent resulted in positively accelerated psychophysical power function with an exponent of 1.18. However, in two further experiments right-handed male subjects made rating-scale judgements of the combined width of two stimulus blocks. Six widths were used and five replications of the 36 factorial combinations were presented to each subject. In Experiment II both stimuli were out of view and one was held between the thumb and index finger of each hand. In Experiment III one stimulus was held out of view between thumb and finger of the right hand and the second was shown to the subject. Mean ratings in both experiments were fit by a model which assumes that responses are a weighted average of the scale values of the two stimuli (Anderson, 1974 a).

Anatomical and Morphological study of the Heart's Chambers and valves in Iraqi ducks Anser platyrhuncha

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Mohammed Senna Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
High Pulse ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Pulse Rate

   Twenty Iraqi ducks hearts ( 10 male and 10 female ) have been  used for   demonstration  and illustration of heart's valves  and chambers  as well as  anatomical   and morphological site of view to explain what modifications had been take place for ducks heart  to perform  his normal life at the  circumstances  of  high  blood  pressure  and  pulse  rate. The heart  which has distinctly pointed  apex  was  built   in simple  manner located  in a transparent  taught  heart  pericardial  sac. It   was pyramidal in shape  externally  and  has a longitudinal  salcus  passing  to the  right  side, the  anterior of  the   heart  is  divided  into two  unequal  anterior  chamber  similar  to  those of mammalian  hear  .The heart valves are modified  in  order to  minimize  the  fraction  that occur as a result of  high  blood  pressure  and  pulse  rate  of  the  duck  heart , also  the  muscular  trabeculae   replace  the  chordate  tendineae  , which  were  present in the  mammalian    heart  in order to  minimize  the  fraction  resulting  from high  pulse  rate..    

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