Species and strain differences in the lethal factor of the mouse submandibular gland

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C.-C. Huang ◽  
K. Hoshino ◽  
Y. T. Kim ◽  
F. S. Chebib
Keyword(s):  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

The differences in susceptibility of animals to the lethal factor extracted from the mouse submandibular gland and magnitude of its lethality were compared among various species, strains, ages, and sex of mice. Comparisons of LD30 values computed by an IBM 360/System computer using a programmed probit analysis yielded the following significant results. The lethal factor of adult male mice was lethal to all species and strains of animals tested. Strain differences were observed in five inbred strains of mice, and varying degrees of resistance against the lethal factor were demonstrated. The lethality was strongest in the submandibular gland of our subline BALB/c mice, and the highest susceptibility to the lethal factor was demonstrated by female C57BL mice. This factor was found to be lethal not only to mice but also to other species of animals, Mongolian gerbils being most susceptible and New Zealand rabbits next.

THE EFFECT OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY ON BLOOD UREA IN MICE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148
Author(s):  
John B. Lyon Jr. ◽  
Eugene A. Arnold ◽  
Rita Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

Blood urea levels were determined in weanling, young, and adult C57 and I strain mice fed vitamin B6-deficient or complete rations. Elevations in blood urea were found in some of the deprived groups, but they were transient, and the maxima occurred early in the deficiency, at 2 weeks. Although the I strain is more susceptible to a B6 deficiency, strain differences were found in only one age group. Increases in blood urea were also induced by simple environmental changes. It was concluded that elevations in blood urea are not directly related to a pyridoxine deficiency in these inbred strains of mice.

scholarly journals STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN LOCAL HEMORRHAGIC RESPONSE (SHWARTZMAN-LIKE REACTION) OF MICE TO A SINGLE INTRADERMAL INJECTION OF BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDES

1957 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret G. Kelly ◽  
Norman H. Smith ◽  
Isidore Wodinsky ◽  
David P. Rall
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Anticoagulant Drug ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Hemorrhagic Lesion

A survey of inbred strains of mice was made to determine whether the phenomenon of dermal hemorrhagic necrosis, as described in rabbits by Shwartzman, could be elicited in mice by bacterial polysaccharide preparations of demonstrated activity in rabbits. The polysaccharide preparations used were obtained from cultures of S. marcescens, S. typhosa, Ps. aeruginosa, and H. pertussis. Ten of the strains tested were unreactive. Three strains of mice and one F1 hybrid subline developed a hemorrhagic lesion at the site of injection of a single, relatively high intradermal dose of polysaccharide. Some increase in incidence of hemorrhagic lesions was obtained when the intradermal dose was followed in 24 hours by an intravenous injection. In the gross and microscopically, the skin lesion produced in mice resembled the Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. An adrenergic blocking agent, SY-28, and an anticoagulant drug, coumadin, both of which block the dermal Shwartzman reaction in rabbits, also blocked the hemorrhagic skin reaction in mice.

scholarly journals Variation among inbred strains of mice in adenosine 3′:5′ cyclic monophosphate levels of spermatozoa

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Erickson ◽  
Martin S. Butley ◽  
Susan R. Martin ◽  
Charles J. Betlach
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Locus ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Histocompatibility Locus ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Reproducible Manner

SUMMARYSpermatozoa from inbred strains of mice were found to vary significantly for levels of cyclic AMP when extractions were performed in a reproducible manner. The F1 hybrid between high and low spermatozoal cAMP strains showed spermatozoal cAMP levels typical of the low strain. An analysis of spermatozoal cAMP in individual mice from the back-cross of the F1 to the high strain suggested that alleles at more than one locus determine strain differences in spermatozoal cAMP. The major histocompatibility locus of mice, H-2, which had been found to have an effect on liver cAMP levels did not seem to affect spermatozoal cAMP levels. t-Alleles, which appear to alter fertilization rates by effects on motility, had no apparent affects on spermatozoal cAMP.

Variation in pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice 1. Strain and sex differences

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

A set of 23 inbred strains of mice was tested for their sleeping time under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthetic. Highly significant strain differences were found. Estimates of the proportion of the variation accounted for by genetic differences ranged from 28% to 42%. In general, males slept longer than females but the size of the sex differences was not consistent across strains. Sleeping times on different test days also varied, indicating that environmental factors were affecting the results. A specially designed experiment failed to detect any differences in within-strain variation.

CIRCADIAN VARIATION IN CONCENTRATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE IN THE PLASMA OF MALE MICE: A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BALB/cBy AND C57BL/6By INBRED STRAINS

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA A. LUCAS ◽  
B. E. ELEFTHERIOU
Keyword(s):  
Strain Difference ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
High Mode ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Chi Squared

Diurnal variations in testosterone in plasma were studied in two inbred strains of mice, BALB/cBy and C57BL/6By. Blood was taken every 4 h over 24 h from male mice at 70 days of age using a lighting regimen of 12 h light to 12 h darkness (lights on 07.00–19.00 h). Values of testosterone in plasma were transformed to log(testosterone in ng/ml) to reduce inequality of variance between groups. In both strains, the distribution of pooled values over all times of day was bimodal, and bimodality was present at most times of day. Circadian variation was evaluated by dividing the transformed values into high and low modes at each time of day and testing for significant variation in the number of animals in each mode over time using the chi-squared test. Significant circadian variation was found in the BALB/cBy strain of mice but not in the C57BL/6By strain. The highest number of high mode cases for BALB/cBy mice was at 22.00 h and the lowest number of high mode cases was at 10.00 h. The log transformation and bimodality of these values are presented as biological expressions of blood levels of testosterone and of tissue responses to these levels in the male mouse. The strain difference in circadian variation may be related to reported circadian changes in behaviour and to possible genetic effects on sensitivity to environmental change or capacity to express circadian rhythms.

THE EFFECT OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY ON BLOOD UREA IN MICE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Lyon Jr. ◽  
Eugene A. Arnold ◽  
Rita Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

Blood urea levels were determined in weanling, young, and adult C57 and I strain mice fed vitamin B6-deficient or complete rations. Elevations in blood urea were found in some of the deprived groups, but they were transient, and the maxima occurred early in the deficiency, at 2 weeks. Although the I strain is more susceptible to a B6 deficiency, strain differences were found in only one age group. Increases in blood urea were also induced by simple environmental changes. It was concluded that elevations in blood urea are not directly related to a pyridoxine deficiency in these inbred strains of mice.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOME MARKERS IN MUS MUSCULUS: STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN C-BANDING

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-670
Author(s):  
V G Dev ◽  
D A Miller ◽  
O J Miller
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Markers ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

ABSTRACT The mitotic chromosomes of several inbred strains of mice and a series of F1 hybrids have been analyzed by quinacrine staining and further characterized by the centromeric heterochromatin banding (C-banding). Inbred strains had the same amount of C-banding material on homologous chromosomes but showed variation in the amount on different chromosomes. F1 hybrids showed characteristics of each parent and it appears that the amount of C-banding on each chromosome is a simple inherited polymorphism. In this study 12 different chromosomes could be distinguished by their C-banding, and these can be used as normal chromosome markers.

III.—Genetics of Gametes. III. Strain Differences in Spermatozoa from Eight Inbred Strains of Mice

1961 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Beatty ◽  
K. N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Hereditary Factors

SynopsisIn animals, the expression of genetic factors has been studied mainly after fertilization, in the embryo or the adult. The study of genetic effects on the gametes themselves has been called the genetics of gametes. As evidence of such genetic effects on gametes, numerous differences have been found in the characteristics of spermatozoa from eight inbred strains of mice. The spermatozoan characteristics studied are mainly dimensional, but also relate to the physiological maturation of spermatozoa and possibly to semen fertility. The dimensional characteristics of spermatozoa are insulated, to an unusual degree, from the effects of environmental and other factors. The genetics of gametes can be regarded as the study of the genetics of the carriers of genes from one generation to the next; this has relevance to general genetics, and also to experiments for controlling the transmission of hereditary factors from parent to offspring.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of iron-induced uroporphyria in mice

1993 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Smith ◽  
J E Francis
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Iron overload causes inhibition of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) and uroporphyria in C57BL/10ScSn but not DBA/2 mice [Smith, Cabral, Carthew, Francis and Manson (1989) Int. J. Cancer 43, 492-496]. We have investigated the induction of uroporphyria in 12 inbred strains of mice 25 weeks after iron treatment (600 mg/kg) to determine if there was any correlation with the Ah locus. Under these conditions, inhibition of UROD occurred to varying degrees in Ahd mice (SWR and AKR) as well as nominally Ahb-1 (C57BL/6J, C57BL/10ScSn and C57BL/10-cc) and Ahb-2 strains (BALB/c and C3H/HeJ). Five other Ahb or Ahd strains (C57BL/Ks, A/J, CBA/J, LP and DBA/2) were unaffected. Thus there appeared to be no correlation with the Ah phenotype and this illustrated that some other variable inherited factors are involved. Comparisons between another susceptible strain, A2G, and the congenic A2G-hr/+strain (carrying the recessive hr gene) showed a modulating influence associated with the hr locus. In contrast with individual mice of inbred strains, which showed consistent responses to iron, those of the outbred MF1 strain showed a spectrum of sensitivities as might be expected for a heterogeneic stock. The rate of porphyria development was accelerated by administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the drinking water, but this did not overcome strain differences. Among four strains the order of susceptibility was SWR > C57BL/10ScSn > C57B1/6J > DBA/2 (the last strain was completely resistant). With degrees of iron loading greater than 600 mg of Fe/kg (1200-1800 mg of Fe/kg) C57BL/10ScSn mice (after 20 weeks) and SWR mice (after 5 weeks which included 4 weeks of 5-ALA treatment) had less inhibition of UROD and a lower uroporphyric response, showing that there was an optimum level of liver iron concentration. Studies on selected microsomal enzyme activities associated with cytochrome P-450 showed no correlation with the propensities of strains to develop porphyria. These activities included the NADPH-dependent oxidation of uroporphyrinogen I to uroporphyrin I.

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