Some observations on the determination of extracellular fluid volume of jejunal tissue using [3H]inulin and [14C]inulin

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Dinda ◽  
I. T. Beck ◽  
M. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The objective of the present study was to examine the nature of equilibration of [3H]-inulin and [14C]inulin in the jejunal tissue in vitro. Rings of everted hamster jejunum were incubated at 37 °C in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution containing 10 mM glucose, tracer amounts of [14C]inulin, and tracer amounts of [3H]inulin from one of the two lots (lot X and lot Y) tested. The incubations were carried out for 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 min. One lot of [3H]inulin (lot X) provided an estimate of the extracellular (EC) fluid volume which, at all periods of incubation, was comparable with that provided by the [14C]inulin. In contrast, the estimate of EC fluid volume obtained from the other lot of [3H]inulin (lot Y) was consistently higher than that obtained from the [14C]inulin and increased linearly with the period of incubation. Because, with [3H]inulin of lot Y, the calculated intracellular (IC) fluid volume decreased linearly with the period of incubation, and because this was not the case with the [14C]inulin or with the [3H]inulin of lot X, it would appear that [3H]inulin of lot Y failed to equilibrate within the tissue water, while the other lot of [3H]inulin (lot X), as well as [14C]inulin, did. Although the EC fluid volume obtained from [14C]inulin (as well as that from [3H]inulin of lot X) increased progressively, the rate of increase during the first 30 min was considerably higher than that during the last 30 min of incubation. The progressive increase in the [14C]inulin space, however, was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the total water content as well as in the calculated IC fluid content of the tissue. Since the IC fluid volume as percentage of total water content after 5 min of incubation was not significantly different from that after 60 min of incubation, it would appear that [14C]inulin equilibrates within the EC fluid after 5 min, and that the progressive increase in the calculated EC fluid volume is the result of a corresponding increase in the EC fluid (containing [14C]inulin) content of the tissue.

THE EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL ON THE RAT UTERUS

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. COLE
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Phosphate Groups

1. The water and electrolyte changes in the uteri of spayed rats have been investigated after the administration of oestradiol-17 (β) and are found to fall into two main phases. 2. 6–10 hr. after the subcutaneous injection of the hormone the total water content increases, as a result of expansion of the extracellular fluid space and of the relative cell volume. The increase of the relative cell volume is caused by an increase of the idiomolar value. 3. 18–54 hr. after the injection the total water content increases again after a temporary fall. The water increase is now confined to the intracellular space. Total nucleoprotein and residual phosphorus increase, and it is suggested that the nucleoprotein phosphate groups are responsible for the increase of the electrostatic equivalent and hence the increased potassium concentration in the cells. The idiomolar value falls, and there is probably an increased formation of cell protein at this stage. 4. The changes observed in the total water content of the organ agree with the findings of Astwood [1938], Talbot, Lowrie & Astwood [1940] and Zuckerman, Palmer & Hanson [1950]. There are no significant changes in the plasma concentrations of potassium, sodium or chloride or in the total osmotic pressure of the plasma.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical characteristics of persimmon varieties under various conditions of cultivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
I. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
O. A. Grebennikova ◽  
A. Е. Paliy ◽  
V. A. Brailko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The collection of NikitskyBotanical Gardenincludes 83 varieties of Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Monitoring of phytopathogens in the collection showed a low degree of tree infestation. As result of the development of a biotechnological system for subtropical fruits sanitation and propagation, we studied physiological and biochemical peculiarities in plants of two persimmon varieties (Zolotistaya and Nikitskaya Bordovaya), growing ex situ and in vitro. In the collection plots under optimal vegetation conditions (early June), the water content in leaves of intact plants was 69-73 % with water deficiency of 5-7 %, photosynthetic activity – 0,70-0,73 a. u. The content of the protective compounds was high: the proline concentration was 55,63-70,65 mg/g, ascorbic acid – 1630-2188 mg/100 g, phenolic compounds – 2284-2362 mg/100 g. The enzyme activity was low: catalase – 1,70-1,81 gO2 /g • min, superoxide dismutase – 4,60-5,98 units/g, polyphenol oxidase – 0,083-0,085 units/g • s. As the hydrothermal stress increased (late July), the total water content slightly decreased up to 61-64 %. The water deficit increased to 12 % in the leaves of ‘Nikitskaya Bordovaya’ variety and not changed in ‘Zolotistaya’ variety. The indexes of chlorophyll fl uorescence induction denoted normal functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. The content of proline and phenolic compounds decreased while catalase and superoxide dismutase activity increased, ascorbic acid concentration and polyphenol oxidase activity changed differently. Under in vitro conditions, persimmon microshoots were cultured on MS medium with 4,0-5,0 mg/L BAP and 0,1-0,3 mg/L IBA. The total water content in leaves was high – 83-91 % (water holding capacity was higher in ‘Nikitskaya Bordovaya’ variety), indexes of chlorophyll fl uorescence induction: (Fm-Fst)/ Fm = 0,54-0,60 a. u. The content of protective compounds and the enzyme activity were lower than in intact plants. Thus, eastern persimmon plants in various conditions of cultivation have a high degree of resistance to stress. 

scholarly journals Indicators of the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the South Ural

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Svetlana Galimullovna Denisova ◽  
Antonina Anatolyevna Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
The South ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Water Holding

In introduction studies, it is of great importance to determine how favorable the water balance of the studied species is under given environmental conditions. The aim of the research was to study the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Southern Ural. The study was conducted in 20182020 on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of the study were 23 varieties of Chrysanthemum hortorum Bailey. In the course of the research, the total water content, water-holding capacity, the content of mobile moisture, water deficit, and sublethal water deficit were determined. The analysis of water regime indicators is based on the method of artificial wilting (V.N. Tarenkov, L.N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V.P. Moiseev, N.P. Reshetsky). Sublethal water deficit was determined by the method of T.K. Goryshina, L.I. Samsonova, modified by N.I. Bobrovskaya. The calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13 program. The studies made it possible to determine the value of the sublethal water deficit (28,4%) for the varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Bashkir Ural. It was found that the studied varieties during the growing season did not experience such a moisture deficit in the tissues that could lead to irreversible damage to the assimilating organs. Our experiments showed that chrysanthemum varieties in the Bashkir Cis-Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following range of indicators of total water content 70,090,4% and water-holding capacity 19,0064,6%. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between water-holding capacity and the content of mobile moisture by varieties, the share of influence was 27,8531,71%. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, the authors revealed a direct dependence of the indicators of mobile moisture content on the total water content, and an inverse one on the indicators of the content of mobile moisture and water-holding capacity.

The Interrelationship between ECF Volume and ECF Anion Composition in the Regulation of Sodium Excretion

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
J. J. Cohen ◽  
J. A. Chazan ◽  
S. Garella
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Anion Composition ◽  
Bicarbonate Infusion

1. The interrelationship between extracellular fluid volume and extracellular anion composition as determinants of sodium excretion was studied in thirty-four dogs. In six, hypovolaemia, hypochloraemia and hyperbicarbonataemia were induced by the administration of ethacrynic acid and a low chloride diet. Isotonic sodium bicarbonate was then infused resulting in a progressive increase in sodium excretion. After 3 h while continuing the sodium bicarbonate infusion, an infusion of hydrochloric acid was given in order to return extracellular anion composition towards normal. This resulted in a prompt fall in sodium excretion without a change in GFR. 2. Ten studies were performed to determine whether this hydrochloric acid-induced enhancement of sodium conservation depends upon the presence of volume depletion and sodium avidity or whether it could also be demonstrated under circumstances of volume expansion. In these studies, hypervolaemia, hypochloraemia, hyperbicarbonataemia and a brisk natriuresis were induced by infusing isotonic sodium bicarbonate into normal dogs. The addition of hydrochloric acid returned anion composition to normal and, as before, resulted in a prompt suppression of sodium excretion despite continued sodium loading and enhanced glomerular filtration. 3. Results obtained from three related protocols (six animals each) confirmed that hypochloraemia and hyperbicarbonataemia were the necessary prerequisite conditions for this effect of hydrochloric acid in volume expanded animals. We interpret these findings as evidence that the response of the kidney to changes in extracellular fluid volume may be significantly affected by changes in the extracellular concentration of physiologic anions.

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