Effects of Adrenaline on the Dynamics of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rats Treated Chronically with Adrenaline

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Rousseau-Migneron ◽  
Jacques LeBlanc ◽  
Louise Lafrance ◽  
Florent Depocas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
Initial Clearance

Following a subcutaneous injection of adrenaline (300 μg/kg), blood-glucose levels were lower in rats treated chronically with adrenaline (300 μg/kg twice a day for 28 days) than in control rats during at least 2.5 h after the injection. To explain this difference of response, the turnover rate of glucose was measured in control and adrenaline-treated rats during adrenaline infusion (0.75 μg/kg−1 min−1), with [U-14C]glucose as tracer. It was found that the rate of appearance of glucose was greater in the control than in the adrenaline-treated group after a 120-min infusion of adrenaline. The rate of disappearance of glucose in the treated rats increased during the first 60 min of infusion and stayed at this elevated level for a subsequent 2 h, whereas in the control rats, it remained unchanged at the beginning of adrenaline infusion and significantly increased only during the second and third hours of infusion. In addition, the metabolic-clearance rate of glucose was not modified by adrenaline in the treated group, but in the control group, the initial clearance rate was significantly less than in the treated group, and decreased during the first hour of adrenaline infusion even though blood glucose reached values of 244 mg/100 ml. From these data, it is suggested that rats adapt to a chronic exogenous supply of adrenaline by a reduced increase in glucose production in response to adrenaline infusion and a better glucose utilization, which possibly indicates a decrease in the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on insulin secretion.

Prolonged Effect of Troglitazone (CS-045) on Xenograft Survival of Hybrid Artificial Pancreas

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kawakami ◽  
Kazutomo Inoue ◽  
Tein Tun ◽  
Hiroyuki Hayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Setoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antidiabetic Agent ◽  
Bioartificial Pancreas ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agent ◽  
Rat Islets ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic

Troglitazone (CS-045), a thiazolidinedione derivative, is a new oral antidiabetic agent that enhances insulin sensitivity and improves insulin responsiveness. In this study we examined the effects of CS-045 on the survival of xenografted bioartificial pancreas. Isolated rat islets were microencapsulated with three-layer agarose microcapsules (polybrene, carboxymethyl cellulose, and an agarose-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 220 mg/kg. Recipient diabetic mice were separated into two groups. In the CS-045 treated group, the recipient mice were given feed mixed with CS-045 (0.2% w/w) starting from 1 wk before transplantation up to graft failure. The mice in the control group had feed without CS-045. Three hundred microencapsulated rat islets were xenotransplanted into the intraperitoneal cavity of each recipient mouse in both groups. One month after xenotransplantation, IVGTT was performed for all recipients. Xenotransplantation of 300 rat islets in microcapsules decreased the nonfasting blood glucose levels of both groups within 2 days. In the CS-045-treated group (n = 3), the normoglycemic period lasted for more than 1 mo without administration of immunosuppressive drugs (45 ± 4.3 days). However, in the control group (n = 4), the blood glucose levels of all recipients were already elevated on day 4. In the IVGTT study, the glucose assimilation was markedly and significantly better in the CS-045-treated group than in the control group (K = 1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.28 respectively, p <0.01). This study demonstrates that a newly developed oral antidiabetic agent, CS-045 could favorably ameliorate the diabetic state of the recipients xenotransplanted with the bioartificial pancreas, leading to an improved glucose tolerance and longer xenograft survival.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON INSULIN-INDUCED RELEASE OF GROWTH HORMONE AND CORTISOL IN MAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Müller-Hess ◽  
C. A. Geser ◽  
E. Jéquier ◽  
J.-P. Felber ◽  
A. Vannotti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Cortisol Release

ABSTRACT The influence of peripherally administered adrenaline on the secretion of human growth hormone (HGH) and cortisol was investigated in 14 normal subjects. In a control group, HGH and cortisol release was stimulated by insulin infusion for 30 min (0.1 IU/kg). This procedure was compared with a similar insulin infusion which was started 60 min after initiating an adrenaline infusion for 150 min (6 μg/min). Adrenaline did not significantly alter the basal levels of HGH and cortisol. The mean maximal HGH rise during insulin hypoglycaemia (38.9 ± 7.2 ng/ml) was significantly (P < 0.005) inhibited by simultaneously administered adrenaline (9.6 ± 3.0 ng/ml). The same action of adrenaline was also found to be effective on cortisol release. The rise in plasma cortisol after insulin infusion (16.0±1.4 μg/100ml) was suppressed by adrenaline to 6.4 ± 2.2μg/100 ml (P < 0.005). Blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids (FFA), increased by adrenaline administration, were decreased significantly after insulin infusion. These results suggest an inhibitory effect of peripheral adrenaline on insulin-induced secretion of HGH. Blood glucose and plasma FFA levels seem to have no effect on this action. Whether there is a negative feedback between HGH and adrenaline should be considered. It is possible that the inhibition of cortisol release by adrenaline is mediated by an inhibiting effect on ACTH release, in the same manner as on the release of HGH.

Effect of a selective rise in sinusoidal norepinephrine on HGP is due to an increase in glycogenolysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. E162-E171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang An Chu ◽  
Dana K. Sindelar ◽  
Doss W. Neal ◽  
Eric J. Allen ◽  
E. Patrick Donahue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

To determine the effect of a selective rise in liver sinusoidal norepinephrine (NE) on hepatic glucose production (HGP), norepinephrine (50 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was infused intraportally (Po-NE) for 3 h into five 18-h-fasted conscious dogs with a pancreatic clamp. In the control protocol, NE (0.2 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) and glucose were infused peripherally to match the arterial NE and blood glucose levels in the Po-NE group. Hepatic sinusoidal NE levels rose ∼30-fold in the Po-NE group but did not change in the control group. The arterial NE levels did not change significantly in either group. During the portal NE infusion, HGP increased from 1.9 ± 0.2 to 3.5 ± 0.4 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1(15 min; P < 0.05) and then gradually fell to 2.4 ± 0.4 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1by 3 h. HGP in the control group did not change (2.0 ± 0.2 to 2.0 ± 0.2 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) for 15 min but then gradually fell to 1.1 ± 0.2 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1by the end of the study. Because the fall in HGP from 15 min on was parallel in the two groups, the effect of NE on HGP (the difference between HGP in the two groups) did not decline over time. Gluconeogenesis did not change significantly in either group. In conclusion, elevation in hepatic sinusoidal NE significantly increases HGP by selectively stimulating glycogenolysis. Compared with the previously determined effects of epinephrine or glucagon on HGP, the effect of NE is, on a molar basis, less potent but nore sustained over time.

Effect of Glucagon on Glucose Turnover and Plasma Free Fatty Acids in Depancreatized Dogs Maintained on Matched Insulin Infusions

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cherrington ◽  
M. Vranic ◽  
P. Fono ◽  
N. Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Endogenous Insulin

It has been shown previously that glucagon can increase the turnover of glucose in normal dogs and can enhance the secretion of insulin. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic effects of glucagon independent of the effects of the insulin it releases directly through an action on β cells, and indirectly through hyperglycemia. Eight conscious dogs which could not mobilize extra insulin were obtained by replacing the endogenous insulin secretion of each with an equivalent intraportal infusion of the hormone immediately following removal of a remnant pancreatic autograft. Such infusions (200 μU/kg-min) maintained normal plasma concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA), as well as normal tracer-determined rates of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) prior to glucagon infusion.There was a highly significant regression of the increments in glucose production on the rate of glucagon infusion (1.00–3.00 μg/kg-h). Rd increased proportionally to glucose levels, and there was therefore no significant change in the metabolic clearance of glucose. Hence a direct inhibitory effect of glucagon on glucose utilization could not be demonstrated. Corrections for recycling of the infused label did not appreciably affect the observed changes in Ra or Rd. Glucagon infusions did not increase the FFA level in plasma; when hyperglycemia was prominent a small decrease occurred. The role of glucagon in the net release of FFA from adipocytes in dogs is therefore questioned.

Insulin as a physiological modulator of glucagon secretion

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. E751-E761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritpal Bansal ◽  
Qinghua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Glucose Levels

Glucose homeostasis is regulated primarily by the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon, hormones that are secreted by pancreatic islets from β-cells and α-cells, respectively. Insulin secretion is increased in response to elevated blood glucose to maintain normoglycemia by stimulating glucose transport in muscle and adipocytes and reducing glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver. Whereas glucagon secretion is suppressed by hyperglycemia, it is stimulated during hypoglycemia, promoting hepatic glucose production and ultimately raising blood glucose levels. Diabetic hyperglycemia occurs as the result of insufficient insulin secretion from the β-cells and/or lack of insulin action due to peripheral insulin resistance. Remarkably, excessive secretion of glucagon from the α-cells is also a major contributor to the development of diabetic hyperglycemia. Insulin is a physiological suppressor of glucagon secretion; however, at the cellular and molecular levels, how intraislet insulin exerts its suppressive effect on the α-cells is not very clear. Although the inhibitory effect of insulin on glucagon gene expression is an important means to regulate glucagon secretion, recent studies suggest that the underlying mechanisms of the intraislet insulin on suppression of glucagon secretion involve the modulation of KATP channel activity and the activation of the GABA-GABAA receptor system. Nevertheless, regulation of glucagon secretion is multifactorial and yet to be fully understood.

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN FRAKSI ETILASETAT KULIT UBI JALAR UNGU TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA) SERUM MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN HIPERGLIKEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Ria Afrianti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

This study aims to determine the effect giving of ethylacetate fraction of leather  purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, on levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) serum in mice hyperglicemia were induced with streptozocin dose of 50 mg/kgBW. Mice were divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 3 tails, group I is a negative control, group II is a positive control, group III,IV and V is given ethylacetate fraction a dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW. Ethyl Acetate Fraction leather purple sweet potato given orally for 15 days after the animal is declared hyperglicemia and measurement of blood glucose levels on 5, 10, and 15 day after giving test preparation in animal experiments. On the 16 day throughout the mice were taken serum levels measured malondialdehid. The statistical analysis results showed that giving of ethyl acetate fraction of leather purple sweet potato at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW can lower blood glucose levels in mice hyperglycemia significantly (p<0.05). Malondialdehid levels on average in each group is 1.35 nmol/ml, 3.00 nmol/ml, 2.72 nmol/ml, 2.20 nmol/ml and 2.61 nmol/ml, the results of statistical analysis showed a decrease in melondialdehid serum levels were significantly (p<0.05), where a dose of 300 mg/kgBW is an effective dose for lowering blood glucose levels followed by decreased levels of malondialdehid which give effect approaching negative control.

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verawaty Verawaty ◽  
Dhea Claudia Novel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.</p><p><em>Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.</em></p>

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Cucumis melo var. momordica fruit extract on experimental animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Alok Mukerjee ◽  
Abhishek Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue related to the irregular metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. It occurs due to insufficient insulin production and insulin action. Cucumis melo possesses several biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihypothyroidism, and antiangiogenic activities. The objective of the present study was to determine the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Cucumis melo var. momordica fruit extract on experimental animals. Result Results show that treatment with C. melo fruit extract and fraction caused a reduction in blood glucose levels. Cucumis melo toluene fraction (CMTF) exhibited a significant (*P < 0.05) reduction of blood glucose level on the 28th day, i.e., 122 mg/dL, in comparison with the positive control group (streptozotocin (STZ)). However, the extract of C. melo showed less significant results in comparison with CMTF. Triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL levels were increased chronically due to STZ and were significantly (*P < 0.05) restored to 84.16, 86.97, and 19.73, respectively, by CMTF in comparison with the positive control group (STZ in the dose of 55 mg/kg). The extract-treated groups also showed similar results as CMTF, but their efficacy was lesser than CMTF. Conclusion It is can be concluded that C. melo fruits can be used as an effective antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic drug. Graphical abstract

Influence of Lactobacillus brevis 15 and Lactobacillus plantarum 13 on blood glucose and body weight in rats after high-fructose diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yakovlieva ◽  
T. Tacheva ◽  
S. Mihaylova ◽  
R. Tropcheva ◽  
K. Trifonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

In recent years, many authors have investigated the possible antidiabetic effect of lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus species constitute a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group and have been found to exhibit beneficial effects on the development of diabetes and its complications. In the current study, we investigated the effects of newly characterised Bulgarian Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus brevis 15 and Lactobacillus plantarum 13, on blood glucose levels and body weight of rats fed a fructose-enriched diet. An experiment was conducted over a period of 8 weeks with 24 2-month-old Wistar rats randomly assigned to receive a standard diet (Con, control group), fructose-enriched diet (Fr group), standard diet with probiotics given twice a week (Pro group), and fructose-enriched diet with probiotics given twice a week (Pro+Fr group). At the end of the experimental period, a statistically significant increase in body weight was observed in all experimental groups (P<0.0001). The highest rise was seen in the fructose group (Fr, 169±19 g), followed by the Pro+Fr group (153±15 g), Pro group (149±13 g), and Con group (141±5 g). Moreover, the final blood glucose levels had risen significantly in the groups receiving fructose either without (Fr; P<0.0001) or with lactobacilli (Pro+Fr; P=0.002), while the rise was insignificant in the group of rats given probiotic supplementation only (Pro, P=0.071) and inexistent in the Con group (P=0.999). The highest elevation of blood glucose levels was observed in the Fr group (3.18 mmol/l), followed by the Pro+Fr group (2.00 mmol/l) whereas the Pro group showed the lowest levels (0.60 mmol/l). The results of our study suggest that the newly characterised Bulgarian Lactobacillus strains, L. brevis 15 and L. plantarum 13, could be considered as possible probiotics and might be able to prevent some metabolic disturbances.

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