Adrenergic Innervation of Brown Adipose Tissue from the Ground Squirrel (Citellus richardsonii)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. W. Cottle ◽  
W. H. Cottle ◽  
C. W. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Determinations of noradrenaline (NA) content and observations of histochemical fluorescence were carried out on the axillary brown fat pad of ground squirrels Citellus richardsonii kept at two temperatures, 20 °C and 5 °C. For comparison, NA content of hearts and intrathoracic brown adipose tissue were also determined. Like interscapular brown adipose tissue from cold-acclimated rats, the axillary brown fat of cold-acclimated ground squirrels contained a high level of NA. The NA content of the fat pad from ground squirrels living at 20 °C, however, though somewhat lower was not statistically different from that of the fat pad from the cold-acclimated animals. Fine adrenergic nerve fibers were observed between the adipocytes and more intense and extensive networks were present around arterioles. The density of adrenergic innervation appeared similar in the axillary brown fat of the two groups. The NA content of the hearts of ground squirrels living at 5 °C was lower than that for hearts from animals at 20 °C. Intrathoracic brown fat tissue from both groups of animals showed large variation.

Lipid metabolism: Effects of immunosympathectomy and acclimation to cold

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Steiner ◽  
E. Schönbaum ◽  
G. E. Johnson ◽  
E. A. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Glucose Recovery ◽  
Intact Rats

The effects of immunosympathectomy and acclimation to cold on the incorporation of glucose-U-14C into lipids of the interscapular brown adipose tissue, epididymal fat pad, and liver of rats have been investigated. Acclimation to cold was associated with an increase in glucose recovered in the total lipids of brown adipose tissue. These changes in glucose recovery were the same in immunosympathectomized as in intact rats. The brown adipose tissue of the two groups of cold-acclimated rats differed, however, in that this tissue in the immunosympathectomized animals was larger and had more lipid. Suggestions are raised to explain these findings. Neither immunosympathectomy nor cold acclimation produced any changes in white adipose tissue. Immunosympathectomy did not alter the liver's handling of glucose. However, cold-acclimation was associated with an increase in the relative weight of the liver and a decrease in glucose recovery in liver lipids.

Diet, lighting, and food intake affect norepinephrine turnover in dietary obesity

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R402-R408 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshida ◽  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
M. Fukushima ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
R. A. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of dietary fat content, lighting cycle, and feeding time on norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart, and pancreas, and on blood 3-hydroxybutyrate, serum glucose, insulin, and corticosterone have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to dietary obesity, have a more rapid turnover of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart and a greater increase in the concentration of norepinephrine in brown fat when eating a high-fat diet than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. Light cycle and feeding schedule are important modulators of sympathetic activity in heart and pancreas but not in brown fat. Rats of the resistant strain also have higher blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and lower insulin and corticosterone levels than do rats of the susceptible strain. A high-fat diet increases 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and reduces insulin levels in both strains. These studies show, in rats eating a high-fat diet, that differences in norepinephrine turnover, particularly in brown adipose tissue, may play an important role in whether dietary obesity develops and in the manifestations of resistance to this phenomenon observed in the S 5B/Pl rat.

scholarly journals ADRENERGIC FIBERS IN BROWN FAT OF COLD-ACCLIMATED RATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
MERVA K. W. COTTLE ◽  
W. H. COTTLE
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Histochemical Technique ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adrenergic Fibers

The adrenergic nerve fibers of brown adipose tissue of warm- and cold-acclimated rats were visualized using the fluorescence histochemical technique. Small arteries and arterioles evidenced by their rich adrenergic innervation appeared more abundant in tissue from cold-acclimated animals. Lengths of fine fibers between the fat cells were demonstrable in the brown fat tissue from cold-acclimated rats because of their abundant, strongly fluorescent varicosities whereas such portions of fine fibers were only occasionally seen in the tissue of warm-acclimated rats.

Brown adipose tissue activity in hypocaloric-diet fed lactating rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Villarroya ◽  
Antonio Felipe ◽  
Teresa Mampel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

Hypocaloric diet feeding reduced the mitochondrial protein content and whole tissue GDP-binding in interscapular brown adipose tissue from both virgin and lactating rats. A reduction in brown fat lipoprotein lipase activity was also detected in underfed virgin and lactating animals. These results indicate that lactation in the rat, even though it produces a reduction in brown fat activity, does not impair the capacity of the tissue to respond to a diminished caloric intake by lowering its activity further.

Brown fat thermogenesis in a rat model of dietary obesity

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. R756-R762 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
J. R. Lupien ◽  
R. D. Wood ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
R. A. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of chronic feeding of a high-fat diet or a cafeteria-type diet on weight gain and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as measured by the binding of a purine nucleotide (guanosine 5'-diphosphate, GDP) to mitochondria of brown adipose tissue have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to developing obesity when eating a high-fat diet or drinking sucrose solutions, have greater specific GDP binding in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. A high-fat diet, fed isoenergetically to the low-fat diet, did not increase the growth of IBAT and decreased specific GDP binding in both strains. Feeding a cafeteria diet resulted in obesity and increased mass and protein content of the IBAT in both strains of rats. However, specific GDP binding increased in response to cafeteria feeding only in the Osborne-Mendel rats. These studies show that thermogenesis, as measured by GDP binding to mitochondria in brown adipose tissue, is suppressed by both isoenergetic and ad libitum feeding of a high-fat diet. The higher basal GDP binding in the brown fat of the S 5B/Pl rats suggests that higher thermogenesis of this tissue contributes to the resistance of this strain to fat-induced obesity. The inability of S 5B/Pl rats to further increase thermogenesis when eating a cafeteria diet may contribute to their becoming obese.

Evidence for the Mediatory Role of Brown Adipose Tissue During Nonshivering Thermogenesis in the Cold-Acclimated Mouse

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hayward ◽  
P. F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

The increased rate of oxygen consumption by cold-acclimated, adult mice after subcutaneous injection of noradrenaline has been measured for intact individuals and for those with the arterial supply to their interscapular brown adipose tissue ligated. An immediate reduction of 40% of this calorigenic response was noted in mice thus operated. Dissection of the total brown fat of the body indicated that the interscapular deposits comprise 43% by weight of the total brown adipose tissue, which in turn forms only 1% of the body weight. Since a 40% reduction in calorigenic response to noradrenaline cannot be ascribed to the loss of an amount of brown fat constituting less than 0.5%) of the body weight, the results support the hypothesis that brown fat can mediate calorigenic responses of other tissues.

Evidence that the hypothermic response of mice to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is not mediated by changes in thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G. Pertwee ◽  
Kevin Nash ◽  
Paul Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Hypothermic Response ◽  
Hyperthermic Response ◽  
Brown Fat Mitochondria ◽  
Binding To Mitochondria

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (20 mg/kg i.p.) and propranolol (20 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) produced marked falls in the rectal temperatures of mice kept at an ambient temperature of 22 °C. Propranolol (50 mg/kg i.p.) also decreased the thermogenic activity of brown fat, as measured by a decrease in the level of [3H]GDP binding to mitochondria obtained from mouse interscapular brown adipose tissue. In contrast, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (20 mg/kg i.p.) did not affect mitochondrial GDP binding even though the dose used was one shown previously to depress heat production. GDP binding was also unaffected by this cannabinoid in brown adipose tissue taken from mice that had been kept at 13 °C instead of 22 °C. In mice kept at 34 °C, isoprenaline (0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg s.c.) induced a marked rise in rectal temperature and increased the level of GDP binding to brown fat mitochondria. Propranolol (50 mg/kg i.p.) prevented the hyperthermic response to isoprenaline, the mice becoming hypothermic instead. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (20 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on isoprenaline-induced hyperthermia. We conclude from these data that there is no significant involvement of brown adipose tissue in the hypothermic response of mice to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.Key words: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, body temperature, brown adipose tissue, GDP binding, thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Glucose transporter expression and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue during starvation and re-feeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Smith ◽  
S R Bloom ◽  
M C Sugden ◽  
M J Holness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Transporter Expression

Starvation (48 h) decreased the concentration of mRNA of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter isoform (GLUT 4) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) (56%) and tibialis anterior (10%). Despite dramatic [7-fold (tibialis anterior) and 40-fold (IBAT)] increases in glucose utilization after 2 and 4 h of chow re-feeding, no significant changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration were observed in these tissues over this re-feeding period. The results exclude changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration in mediating the responses of glucose transport in these tissues to acute re-feeding after prolonged starvation.

scholarly journals Changes in β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels in brown adipose tissue and heart of hypothyroid rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Revelli ◽  
R Pescini ◽  
P Muzzin ◽  
J Seydoux ◽  
M G Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
State Level ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
Beta 2

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of hypothyroidism on the expression of the beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) in interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart. The total density of plasma membrane beta-AR per tissue is decreased by 44% in hypothyroid rat interscapular brown adipose tissue and by 55% in hypothyroid rat heart compared with euthyroid controls. The effects of hypothyroidism on the density of both beta 1- and beta 2-AR subtypes were also determined in competition displacement experiments. The densities of beta 1- and beta 2-AR per tissue are decreased by 50% and 48% respectively in interscapular brown adipose tissue and by 52% and 54% in the heart. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from hypothyroid rat interscapular brown adipose tissue demonstrated that the levels of beta 1- and beta 2-AR mRNA per tissue are decreased by 73% and 58% respectively, whereas in hypothyroid heart, only the beta 1-AR mRNA is decreased, by 43%. The effect of hypothyroidism on the beta 1-AR mRNA is significantly more marked in the interscapular brown adipose tissue than in the heart. These results indicate that beta-AR mRNA levels are differentially regulated in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart, and suggest that the decrease in beta-AR number in interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart of hypothyroid animals may in part be explained by a decreased steady-state level of beta-AR mRNA.

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