Effect of Sulfated Galactan from Hypnea japonica on Bone Metabolism in Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 784-790
Author(s):  
K. C. Hong ◽  
R. L. Cruess ◽  
S. C. Skoryna
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Sulfated Galactan ◽  
Diaphyseal Bone ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Growing Rat

Sulfated polysaccharide from Hypnea japonica and 45Ca was administered into growing rat by intubation or intravenous injection. 45Ca uptake and changes in the phospholipid, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide contents of the metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone were determined. The administration of the polysaccharide caused an increase in 45Ca uptake and in the content of phospholipid and hexosamine of the matrix with a diminution in the hydroxyproline content.

scholarly journals INCREASED FIXATION OF SULFUR35 BY CARTILAGE IN VITRO FOLLOWING DEPLETION OF THE MATRIX BY INTRAVENOUS PAPAIN

1960 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. McElligott ◽  
J. L. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Primary Lesion ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Osteoarthritic Cartilage ◽  
The Matrix

The uptake in vitro of sulfur-35 by costal cartilage obtained from nine rabbits 11 days after an intravenous injection of crude papain solution was compared with that in costal cartilage from eight normal untreated rabbits. An increased fixation of the isotope was found in treated animals compared with controls. The depletion of cartilage matrix by papain provided an experimental situation to test the hypothesis that the depletion of matrix which occurs in osteoarthritic cartilage can stimulate increased synthesis of chondroitin sulfate. The results give further support to the view that the primary lesion in osteoarthritis occurs in the matrix rather than in the chondrocyte of articular cartilage.

Immunohistochemical localization of the matrix glycoprotein tenascin in the skull of the growing rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Thesleff ◽  
T. Kantomaa ◽  
Eleanor Mackie ◽  
Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Growing Rat

scholarly journals lncRNA H19 promotes matrix mineralization through up-regulating IGF1 by sponging miR-185-5p in osteoblasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wu ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Cui-Zhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Igf1 Expression ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Abstract Background Matrix mineralization is a key stage in bone formation involving in many bone-specific genes and signaling pathways. Emerging evidence indicate that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating the mineralization process of osteoblasts. This study aims to characterize the function and mechanism of lncRNA H19/miR-185-5p/IGF1 axis in modulating matrix mineralization of osteoblasts. Results H19 and IGF1 were highly expressed while miR-185-5p was lowly expressed in mineralized cells. Knocking down H19 inhibited matrix mineralization of osteoblasts, yet miR-185-5p had opposite effects. Moreover, H19 directly targeted miR-185-5p, whereas miR-185-5p repressed IGF1 expression. Meanwhile, miR-185-5p inhibition compensated the suppression of the matrix mineralization in osteoblasts by H19 knockdown. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that lncRNA H19 was upregulated in mineralized osteoblasts and promoted matrix mineralization through miR-185-5p/IGF1 axis in osteoblasts for the first time. This study may provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to bone metabolism.

Binge Drinking and Bone Metabolism in a Young Actively Growing Rat Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1228-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wayne Sampson ◽  
Sharon Gallager ◽  
Jason Lange ◽  
Whitney Chondra ◽  
Harry A Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Growing Rat

Cellular control of macromolecular synthesis: rates of synthesis of extracellular macromolecules during and after depletion by papain

1968 ◽  
Vol 169 (1017) ◽  
pp. 399-425 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Extracellular Material ◽  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
Keratan Sulphate ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cellular Control

Papain was administered in doses of 1.6, 8.0 or 80.0 μ g/ml. of synthetic medium for 24 h to 11- to 12-day embryonic chicken tibiae grown in organ culture. This treatment caused: (1) a decrease in length and weight, (2) loss of cells and total protein, (3) little change in hydroxyproline content, and (4) release of large amounts of glycosaminoglycans. When subcultured and allowed to recover in normal medium for periods of up to 144 h the explants increased in length and weight and partially replaced the lost material. In response to the depletion of the glycosaminoglycans, primarily chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate, from the extracellular matrix the cells of the treated explants synthesized both precursor hexosamine and the requisite polymerized glycosaminoglycans more rapidly than control explants. This increased rate of synthesis occurred whether or not the glycosaminoglycans were incorporated into the matrix; indeed, during recovery after treatment with the 80 μ g/ml. dose the tissue was unable to accept the newly synthesized macromolecules even though the matrix was very deficient in these substances, and the glycosaminoglycans were released into the medium. Large amounts of the monomer precursors of hexosamine also were released into the medium before they could be assembled into the polymer glycosaminoglycans. The results showed that the cell compensates for its loss of extracellular material by increased synthesis of the depleted macromolecules; after treatment with 8.0 μ g/ml. the rate of production of hexosamine was over three times that of the control explants.

scholarly journals Importance of geometry of the extracellular matrix in endochondral bone differentiation.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2192-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T K Sampath ◽  
A H Reddi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Bone Differentiation ◽  
Diaphyseal Bone ◽  
The Matrix

Subcutaneous implantation of coarse powders (74-420 micron) of demineralized diaphyseal bone matrix resulted in the local differentiation of endochondral bone. However, implantation of matrix with particle size of 44-74 micron (Fine matrix) did not induce bone. We have recently reported that the dissociative extraction of coarse matrix with 4 M guanidine HCl resulted in a complete loss of the ability of matrix to induce endochondral bone; the total loss of biological activity could be restored by reconstitution of extracted soluble components with inactive residue. To determine the possible biochemical potential of fine matrix to induce bone, the matrix was extracted in 4 M guanidine HCl and the extract was reconstituted with biologically inactive 4 M guanidine HCl-treated coarse bone matrix residue. There was a complete restoration of the biological activity by the extract of fine matrix upon reconstitution with extracted coarse matrix. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the extract of fine matrix revealed similar protein profiles as seen for the extract of coarse matrix. Gel filtration of the 4 M guanidine HCl extract of fine powder on Sepharose CL-6B and the subsequent reconstitution of various column fractions with inactive coarse residue showed that fractions with proteins of 20,000-50,000 mol wt induced new bone formation. These observations demonstrate that although fine bone matrix contains, osteoinductive proteins, matrix geometry (size) is a critical factor in triggering the biochemical cascade of endochondral bone differentiation. Mixing of coarse matrix with Fine results in partial response and it was confined to areas in contact with coarse particles. The results imply a role for geometry of extracellular bone matrix in anchorage-dependent proliferation and differentiation of cells.

Crystalloid Inclusions in Hepatocyte Mitochondria and Their Similarity to Cytoplasmic Crystalloids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Mitochondrial Alterations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystalloid Inclusions ◽  
Liver Biopsies

Mitochondrial alterations were studied in 25 liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Of special interest were the morphologic resemblance of certain fine structural variations in mitochondria and crystalloid inclusions. Four types of alterations within mitochondria were found that seemed to relate to cytoplasmic crystalloids.Type 1 alteration consisted of localized groups of cristae, usually oriented in the long direction of the organelle (Fig. 1A). In this plane they appeared serrated at the periphery with blind endings in the matrix. Other sections revealed a system of equally-spaced diagonal lines lengthwise in the mitochondrion with cristae protruding from both ends (Fig. 1B). Profiles of this inclusion were not unlike tangential cuts of a crystalloid structure frequently seen in enlarged mitochondria described below.

Coherency loss in γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
R. A. Ricks ◽  
Angus J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nimonic 80A ◽  
Interfacial Dislocations ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Coherency Loss ◽  
Nimonic 115

During a recent investigation concerning the growth of γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloys it was observed that the sign of the lattice mismatch between the coherent particles and the matrix (γ) was important in determining the ease with which matrix dislocations could be incorporated into the interface to relieve coherency strains. Thus alloys with a negative misfit (ie. the γ' lattice parameter was smaller than the matrix) could lose coherency easily and γ/γ' interfaces would exhibit regularly spaced networks of dislocations, as shown in figure 1 for the case of Nimonic 115 (misfit = -0.15%). In contrast, γ' particles in alloys with a positive misfit could grow to a large size and not show any such dislocation arrangements in the interface, thus indicating that coherency had not been lost. Figure 2 depicts a large γ' precipitate in Nimonic 80A (misfit = +0.32%) showing few interfacial dislocations.

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