Ascorbate Metabolism in Swine. Influence of Maternal Hypoxia on Fetal Tissue Ascorbate Levels

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Brown ◽  
W. H. Harris ◽  
J. N. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Maternal Hypoxia ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Swine Kidney ◽  
Fetal Pig ◽  
Ascorbate Metabolism

The effects of birth on tissue and serum ascorbate levels as well as the influence of maternal hypoxia on fetal tissue and serum ascorbate levels were investigated. Serum and adrenal ascorbate levels in neonatal swine were drastically decreased when compared with near-term (112-day-old) fetal swine. Kidney, cardiac, and muscle ascorbate levels also were found to be decreased on birth although liver levels in the newborn rose significantly above fetal levels. Hypoxic stress produced by decreasing the oxygen concentration in the maternal gas supply produced effects in 112-day-old fetal pigs which were similar to those noted for birth. An hypothesis was presented to explain the observation in which it was suggested that ascorbate may have a key role in the mechanism by which the fetal pig successfully coped with the stress of birth.

Distribution between Protein-Bound and Free Forms of Plasma Cortisol in the Gilt and Fetal Pig Near Term

Neonatology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Kattesh ◽  
G.A. Baumbach ◽  
B.B. Gillespie ◽  
J.F. Schneider ◽  
J.T. Murai
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Fetal Pig

Mycobacterium avium Abortion in a Sow

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Ellsworth ◽  
C. A. Kirkbride ◽  
D. D. Johnson ◽  
M. W. Vorhies
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Near Term

A 2-year-old sow aborted her entire near-term litter of 11. Gross and histologic examination of a fetus suggested a tuberculous infection, and a yellow-pigmented Mycobacterium avium serotype 1 was subsequently isolated from the fetal tissue. Efforts to rebreed the sow were unsuccessful. She was anergic to skin tests with purified protein derivative of M. avium on two occasions but had M. avium specific in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation. Gross granulomatous lesions were found in the liver, kidneys, and endometrium when the sow was necropsied 5 months after the abortion. Histologic examination showed diffuse and focal non-encapsulated granulomas in lymph nodes, tonsils, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, and uterine and vaginal walls. There were a few encapsulated calcified foci in the endometrium. The centers of some granulomas in the tonsils, liver, kidneys, and some lymph nodes were caseated. The yellow-pigmented M. avium was isolated from the reproductive organs and from 11 of 12 other tissues cultured.

428: Acute hypoxic stress-induced in utero meconium passage in near term rat fetuses is mediated by a novel myenteric neuronal CRF-R1/R2 receptor system

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. S164
Author(s):  
Jayaraman Lakshmanan ◽  
John D. Richard ◽  
James P. Ho ◽  
Matthew H. Ho ◽  
Sharon K. Sugano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Utero ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Near Term

Rhizosphere legacy: amelioration of MicroBioPhysical properties of compacted soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar S. Razavi ◽  
Nicole Rudolph-Mohr ◽  
Christoph Tebbe
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Compacted Soil

<p>Soil compaction is a multi-disciplinary problem in which soil, plant, and air operations play an important role and may have dramatic environmental consequences throughout the world. In compacted soils, the increase in bulk density, and the accompanying decrease in porosity hinders the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, thereby causing hypoxic stress in plant roots. Hypoxic stress can effects root physiological functions, reduce soil enzyme activity, hence reducing soil fertility. For the first time we applied a unique combination of two imaging techniques, zymography and optodes sensors with molecular microbial community analysis to illuminate the rhizosphere self-regulation for amelioration of microbiophysical properties of compacted soil. To this end maize in compacted and uncompacted soil under control condition for 2 weeks was planted.</p><p>Soil oxygen map and β-glucosidase activity in compacted maize treatment overlaid with the extracted root system demonstrated more than 65% positive correlation between hotspots of enzymatic activity and localities with high oxygen concentration –which were mostly in association with root. Similarly, extend of rhizosphere for oxygen concentration and enzyme activity across the root of compacted soil was 1mm broader than the uncompacted.</p><p>Based on root morphology analysis, compacted maize reduced roots diameter and increased the distribution. Which resulted in 30% higher ratio of rhizosheath mass in compacted than uncompacted soil. Rhizosheath formation changed porosity and aggregation around the root, thus, improved oxygen exchange. Accordingly, bacterial abundance and alpha diversity in hotspots of compacted soils were higher than the one of uncompacted. Thus, microorganisms localized in hotspots (rhizosheath) respond to better aeration, new carbon inputs compared to those inhabiting in the bulk soil. This confirms the distinguished role of rhizosphere-self organization for enzymatic mobilization of nutrients, and point out on the importance of aeration for rhizospheric microbial functionality (such as, enzyme expression for nutrients mining).</p>

scholarly journals The Bird Respirator Modified for PEEP, CPAP and IMV

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
T. A. Torda ◽  
C. Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Pressure Generator ◽  
Gas Supply

A Bird Mk. 8 respirator has been modified to permit the use of PEEP, CPAP and IMV. Gas supply is from an oxygen blender to allow easy adjustment of the inhaled oxygen concentration. A special fitting was made to mount a flow meter which supplies the IMV reservoir. PEEP is generated by the Mk. 8 negative pressure generator mounted in opposition to exhalation and its magnitude can be adjusted by the negative pressure control of the respirator. This modified machine is simple, reliable and relatively inexpensive.

Evidence for an effector role of endothelin in closure of the ductus arteriosus at birth

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Coceani ◽  
Lois Kelsey ◽  
Eric Seidlitz
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
A Value ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

The ductus arteriosus is a special muscular shunt that in the fetus allows blood to bypass the unexpanded lungs. It closes rapidly after birth and this event is initiated by the physiologic rise in blood oxygen tension. Endothelin-1 has been proposed by us as a local mediator for oxygen after demonstrating that it is formed within the ductus and is a potent ductus constrictor. To confirm this possibility, we have now measured the release of endothelin-1 from the isolated ductus of near-term fetal lambs at different oxygen concentrations of the medium. In addition, using the same preparation, we have examined the effect on contractile tone of compounds interfering with the synthesis (phosphoramidon, 50 μM) and action (BQ123, 1 μM) of endothelin-1. We report that release of endothelin-1 from the ductus tends to increase with the oxygen concentration up to a value mimicking the neonatal condition. Phosphoramidon and, to a greater degree, BQ123 inhibit the contraction of the vessel to oxygen. These results implicate endothelin-1 as the effector agent for oxygen in the ductus and, by extension, assign to this peptide a critical role in the closure of the vessel at birth.Key words: ductus arteriosus closure, oxygen, endothelin.

Changes in thyroxine, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine content in the thyroid gland and in serum to thyroid tissue iodothyronine ratios during ontogenesis in the fetal pig

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Brzezińska-Ślebodzińska ◽  
A. B. Ślebodziński
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
High Production ◽  
Postnatal Adaptation ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Thyroid Gland Tissue ◽  
Fetal Pig

The concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3; rT3) in thyroid gland tissue and serum of the fetal pig (n = 68) from day 39 to 113 of gestation were measured. Tracer quantities of iodothyronines, displaying the onset of thyroid hormone activity, were found in the thyroid tissue on day 39, i.e. before the appearance of a measurable quantity of iodothyronines in the serum. The T4 and T3 thyroidal content showed the first rise between days 56 and 76. Then, T3 was increasing sharply from day 92 till birth, while T4 content was decreasing from about day 76 to a low value between day 92 and 105, and then showing an increase shortly before birth. The rT3 content was the highest on day 39 and then it was steadily decreasing to reach a nadir on about day 76. Measurable amounts of thyroid hormones (TH) in the serum were observed not earlier than on day 46 of gestation. Near birth, the tissues of the pig fetus are in a milieu characterised by the highest blood TH concentrations. The serum to thyroid concentration ratio for rT3 and T4 was generally below 1.0 until the last trimester of gestation, when it was over 5.0 for rT3 and over 4.0 for T4. By contrast, the T3 serum to thyroid ratio was below 0.5 throughout the gestation. The results show that the fetal pig thyroid displays a low rT3 and T4 content, but the marked T3 elevation observed near term supports the view that a high production and secretion of T3 near term may be a critical factor for normal postnatal adaptation to extrauterine cooling in the pig.

scholarly journals OC137: Fetal tissue Doppler echocardiography: limitations in a chronic near-term sheep model

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Huhta ◽  
A. Wloch ◽  
K. Mäkikallio ◽  
T. Erkinaro ◽  
T. Kavasmaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Echocardiography ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Tissue Doppler Echocardiography ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Near Term

scholarly journals Role of Pancreatic Polypeptide as a Market of Transplanted Insulin-Producing Fetal Pig Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Tuch ◽  
Muhammad T. Tabiin ◽  
Frances M. Casamento ◽  
Mu Yao ◽  
Pauline Georges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Scid Mice ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Fetal Pig

Transplantation of insulin-producing fetal pancreatic tissue into diabetic recipients has been shown to normalize blood glucose levels after several months. This time period is required for the growth and maturation of the fetal tissue so insulin levels cannot be used as a marker of graft function while the β-cell is immature. Therefore, we have examined the use of another pancreatic endocrine hormone, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), to monitor graft function. The cell that produces this hormone has been shown to be the first mature endocrine cell in the fetal pancreas. Fetal pig pancreatic tissue, both in the form of 1 mm3 explants and islet-like cell clusters (ICCs), was transplanted into immunodeficient SCID mice and the levels of PP and insulin were measured in plasma and in the graft for up to 12 weeks. PP was detected in the untransplanted explants (0.58 pmol/mg) and ICCs (0.06 pmol/ICC) and the PP to insulin ratio was 2.7% and 5.8%, respectively. PP (but not porcine C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion) was detectable in the plasma of SCID mice from 4 days to 3 weeks after transplantation, but not thereafter. The highest values were obtained at 4 days to 1 week. In the grafted tissue PP and insulin were present at all time points and the ratio of PP to insulin was 59%, 87%, 75%, 56%, 7%, 8%, and 7% at 4 days, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks, respectively. The decline in PP levels 3 weeks after transplantation was associated with β-cell development in the graft. PP was also secreted by fetal pig pancreatic explants transplanted into diabetic NOD/SCID mice, with plasma levels measurable in the first week after the tissue was grafted. In immunocompetent BALB/c mice transplanted with the tissue, PP was detectable in plasma for 2 days after transplantation but not at 4 days, when cellular rejection commenced, or thereafter. We conclude that plasma PP levels can be used as a marker of the viability of fetal porcine pancreatic tissue in the first 3 weeks after it is transplanted into mice. These findings may have relevance to fetal pancreatic tissue transplanted into humans if suitable techniques can be developed to separate pig from human PP.

scholarly journals Early fetal hypoxia leads to growth restriction and myocardial thinning

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. R583-R595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Ream ◽  
Alisa M. Ray ◽  
Rashmi Chandra ◽  
Dona M. Chikaraishi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Mouse Fetus ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Window Of Vulnerability

Hypoxia is necessary for fetal development; however, excess hypoxia is detrimental. Hypoxia has been extensively studied in the near-term fetus, but less is known about earlier fetal effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the window of vulnerability to severe hypoxia, what organ system(s) is most sensitive, and why hypoxic fetuses die. We induced hypoxia by reducing maternal-inspired O2 from 21% to 8%, which decreased fetal tissue oxygenation assessed by pimonidazole binding. The mouse fetus was most vulnerable in midgestation: 24 h of hypoxia killed 89% of embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) fetuses, but only 5% of E11.5 and 51% of E17.5 fetuses. Sublethal hypoxia at E12.5 caused growth restriction, reducing fetal weight by 26% and protein by 45%. Hypoxia induced HIF-1 target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), erythropoietin, glucose transporter-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (Igfbp-1), which has been implicated in human intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Hypoxia severely compromised the cardiovascular system. Signs of heart failure, including loss of yolk sac circulation, hemorrhage, and edema, were caused by 18–24 h of hypoxia. Hypoxia induced ventricular dilation and myocardial hypoplasia, decreasing ventricular tissue by 50% and proliferation by 21% in vivo and by 40% in isolated cultured hearts. Epicardial detachment was the first sign of hypoxic damage in the heart, although expression of epicardially derived mitogens, such as FGF2, FGF9, and Wnt9b was not reduced. We propose that hypoxia compromises the fetus through myocardial hypoplasia and reduced heart rate.

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