DELAY OR INHIBITION OF CONVULSIONS BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS OF DIVERSE SUBSTANCES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. DeFeudis ◽  
K. A. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
The Brain

Prior intraperitoneal injections, into mice or rats, of strong solutions of γ-aminobutyric acid, DL-alanine, other amino acids, succinate, or sucrose tend to postpone or prevent convulsions and death caused by the administration of oxygen at high pressure, picrotoxin, or pentylenetetrazol. Sodium chloride solution was not as consistently effective. Protection against strychnine was not obvious. Injections of urea solutions or plain water were not effective. Intraperitoneal injections of the "protective" solutions cause increased osmolarity of the serum and dehydration of the brain; the latter effect may be partly responsible for the elevation of seizure thresholds.

PATHOGENESIS OF SEIZURES OCCURRING DURING RESTORATION OF PLASMA TONICITY TO NORMAL IN ANIMALS PREVIOUSLY CHRONICALLY HYPERNATREMIC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn R. Hogan ◽  
Philip R. Dodge ◽  
Sheila R. Gill ◽  
Susan Master ◽  
Juan F. Sotos
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

The present study describes the results of rehydration of rabbits rendered chronically hypernatremic by the administration of one molar sodium chloride solution by nasogastric tube for 23½ to 5 days. When these animals were rehydrated intravenously over a 4-hour period with 2.5% dextrose in water, returning the plasma sodium level to normal, 55% of them developed focal or generalized convulsions. The mean water content of brain tissue of the group of animals who had seizures was significantly greater than that of a normal group of animals and comparable to that found in a water-intoxicated group of animals. This elevation of water content could be accounted for by both an elevated content of potassium and chloride in the brain. The potassium content of the brain was higher in the rehydrated group of animals without than those with seizures. Ways by which the observed changes may be related to the development of seizures are discussed.

scholarly journals DEVIATIONS IN MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE OFFSPRING OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL PREECLAMPSIA AND THEIR CORRECTION BY NEW DERIVATIVE OF GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
I. N. Tyurenkov ◽  
V. N. Perfilova ◽  
L. I. Mikhailova ◽  
G. A. Zhakupova ◽  
S. A. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Step Down

The aim of investigation was to study the effect of a gamma-aminobutyric acid´s derivative – a compound RGPU-242 – on the mental development of the rat´s offspring with experimental preeclampsia. Famels’s preeclampsia was modeled    by    replacing    the    drinking    water    of 1.8%    sodium    chloride solution from 7th to the 21th day of gestation. Locomotion, indicative and emotional activity and cognitive functions in progeny were recorded on “Open field”, “One-way step-down inhibitory (“passive”) avoidance”, “Elevated plus maze” and “Test of extrapolative escape” tests in different periods of postnatal development. Found that the compound RGPU-242 has gravidoprotective effect, improves formation and development of mental functions in the offspring.

Effects of hexamethonium and methyl-p-tyrosine on normal rats subjected to convulsions induced by oxygen at high pressure

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Banister ◽  
A. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Brain Catecholamines ◽  
Oxidative Deamination ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Catecholamine Concentration

Hexamethonium infusion (intravenous) does not alter the concentrations of brain catecholamines, ammonia, and amino acids in rats under normal conditions. However, it decreases the concentration of blood adrenaline (A) and nonadrenaline (NA) significantly without affecting blood ammonia and amino acids. Injection of α-methyl-p-tyrosine (α-MPT) (intraperitoneal) decreases brain catecholamines without affecting the concentration of ammonia and amino acids in the brain or catecholamines, ammonia, and amino acids in the blood.In normal, hexamethonium-, and α-MFT-treated rats convulsed by exposure to oxygen at high pressure (OHP), the concentration of ammonia and glutamine plus aspargine increased and glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (brain only) decreased significantly in both blood and brain. After convulsion, hexamethonium and α-MPT effect the same degree of concentration change for ammonia and amino acids in both blood and brain.When hexamethonium-treated rats are convulsed by OHP, the concentrations of A and NA in blood increased significantly. However, the postconvulsive concentration of A in these rats is significantly less than the preconvulsive control values of normal, undrugged rats. Hexamethonium also prolongs the latency period before convulsions induced by exposure of rats to OHP. This protective action of hexamethonium against oxygen toxicity is probably due to (a) some direct effect of low circulating catecholamines, or (b) delay in the production of toxic levels of ammonia from oxidative deamination of catecholamines, as initial low catecholamine concentration would hinder accumulation of ammonia from such deamination.α-MPT treatment was ineffective in producing an increased latency period before convulsion occurred despite the prevailing low brain catecholamine initially produced by α-MPT treatment. However, the concentration of brain A, NA, and total catecholamines decreased significantly after α-MPT-treated rats were convulsed by OHP exposure. The response of blood catecholamines to OHP-induced convulsions in these α-MPT-treated rats is the same as in normal rats.As α-MPT blocks the synthesis of catecholamines, a further decrease in brain catecholamine values after oxygen-induced convulsions in drugged animals suggests that brain catecholamines are oxidatively deaminated to produce ammonia. These observations suggest that, contrary to earlier reports, brain catecholamines do play an important role in producing ammonia during oxygen toxicity, which, in turn, induces convulsions.

scholarly journals The use of Robinia pseudoacacia L fruit extract as a green corrosion inhibitor in the protection of copper-based objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Pourzarghan ◽  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Green Inhibitor

AbstractThe most important inhibitors used in bronze disease are BTA and AMT. While these inhibitors control corrosion, they are toxic and cancerous. In this study, the acacia fruit extract (200 ppm to 1800 ppm) was used to the prevention of corrosion inhibition of bronze alloy in corrosive sodium chloride solution 0.5 M, for 4 weeks consecutively. The Bronze alloy used in this research, was made based on the same percentage as the ancient alloys (Cu-10Sn). IE% was used to obtain the inhibitory efficiency percentage and Rp can be calculated from the resistance of polarization. SEM–EDX was used to evaluate the surfaces of alloy as well as inhibitory. The experiment was conducted in split plot design in time based on the RCD in four replications. ANOVA was performed and comparison of means square using Duncan's multiple range test at one percent probability level. The highest rate of corrosion inhibition (93.5%) was obtained at a concentration of 1800 ppm with an increase in the concentration of the extract, corrosion inhibition also increased, i.e., more bronze was prevented from burning. Also, the highest corrosion inhibitory activity of Acacia extract (79.66) was in the second week and with increasing duration, this effect has decreased. EDX analysis of the control sample matrix showed that the amount of chlorine was 8.47%wt, while in the presence of corrosive sodium chloride solution, after 4 weeks, the amount of chlorine detected was 3.20%wt. According to the morphology (needle and rhombus) of these corrosion products based on the SEM images, it can be said, they are the type of atacamite and paratacamite. They have caused bronze disease in historical bronze works. The green inhibitor of Acacia fruit aqueous extract can play an effective role in inhibiting corrosion of bronze, but at higher concentrations, it became fungal, which can reduce the role of Acacia fruit aqueous extract and even ineffective. To get better performance of green inhibitors, more tests need to be done to improve and optimize.

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