THE EFFECT OF LOCAL TEMPERATURE ON INDIRECT VASODILATATION IN THE FEET

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gaskell ◽  
Garth M. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion Plethysmography ◽  
Local Temperature ◽  
Cool Water ◽  
Arterial Blood

Lewis and Pickering reported in 1933 that warming occurred later in cool than in warm fingers in response to body heating. Factors which may be responsible were investigated. Measurement of rate of blood flow in the feet by venous occlusion plethysmography during body heating showed that vasodilatation in the feet occurred at the same time in a cool foot (18 to 23 °C) as in a warm (30 to 35 °C) but that warming of the cooler foot might be delayed for some time until the increase in flow was 0.5 ml/100 ml of foot per minute or more. In control experiments, with both feet in cool water or both in warm, the increase in blood flow during body heating started at the same time in both feet. Warming also began at the same time in both feet, but in the cool control experiments, warming often began later than did increase in flow. It is suggested that precooling of arterial blood may account for the delay in warming when the extremity is initially cool and the increase in blood flow is at first small during indirect vasodilatation.

Maximal vascular leg conductance in trained and untrained men

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Snell ◽  
W. H. Martin ◽  
J. C. Buckey ◽  
C. G. Blomqvist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Lower leg blood flow and vascular conductance were studied and related to maximal oxygen uptake in 15 sedentary men (28.5 +/- 1.2 yr, mean +/- SE) and 11 endurance-trained men (30.5 +/- 2.0 yr). Blood flows were obtained at rest and during reactive hyperemia produced by ischemic exercise to fatigue. Vascular conductance was computed from blood flow measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, and mean arterial blood pressure was determined by auscultation of the brachial artery. Resting blood flow and mean arterial pressure were similar in both groups (combined mean, 3.0 ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1 and 88.2 mmHg). After ischemic exercise, blood flows were 29- and 19-fold higher (P less than 0.001) than rest in trained (83.3 +/- 3.8 ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1) and sedentary subjects (61.5 +/- 2.3 ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1), respectively. Blood pressure and heart rate were only slightly elevated in both groups. Maximal vascular conductance was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the trained compared with the sedentary subjects. The correlation coefficients for maximal oxygen uptake vs. vascular conductance were 0.81 (trained) and 0.45 (sedentary). These data suggest that physical training increases the capacity for vasodilation in active limbs and also enables the trained individual to utilize a larger fraction of maximal vascular conductance than the sedentary subject.

Comparison of plethysmographic methods with pulsed Doppler blood flowmetry

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (6) ◽  
pp. H899-H903 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Levy ◽  
W. R. Valladares ◽  
A. Ghaem ◽  
J. P. Martineaud
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsed Doppler ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Local Warming

Hand blood flow was measured at rest, with local warming, and with local cooling. Three methods were simultaneously used: water plethysmography (WP), mercury-in-rubber strain gauge plethysmography (SG), and pulsed Doppler flowmetry (D). Of these, water plethysmography is the most sensitive and accurate; strain gauge plethysmography is simpler but less accurate; and pulsed Doppler flowmetry precisely measures instantaneous arterial blood flow without venous occlusion.

A restrospective perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 762-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion Plethysmography ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Health And Disease

Venous occlusion plethysmography is a simple but elegant technique that has contributed to almost every major area of vascular biology in humans. The general principles of plethysmography were appreciated by the late 1800s, and the application of these principles to measure limb blood flow occurred in the early 1900s. Plethysmography has been instrumental in studying the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating limb blood flow in humans and important in studying the vasodilator responses to exercise, reactive hyperemia, body heating, and mental stress. It has also been the technique of choice to study how human blood vessels respond to a variety of exogenously administered vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, especially those that act on various autonomic and adrenergic receptors. In recent years, plethysmography has been exploited to study the role of the vascular endothelium in health and disease. Venous occlusion plethysmography is likely to continue to play an important role as investigators seek to understand the physiological significance of newly identified vasoactive factors and how genetic polymorphisms affect the cardiovascular system in humans.

Effect of rhythmically inflating a pneumatic cuff at the ankle on blood flow in the foot

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Loane
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Venous Occlusion Plethysmography ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Calorimetry

Rhythmic inflation to 110 mm Hg of a pneumatic cuff around the ankle of a seated subject reduces the venous pressure in the foot and is found by three methods, venous occlusion plethysmography, heat flow and calorimetry, to increase the rate of blood flow through the foot. The increases measured by the three methods are not, however, in quantitative agreement and it is not possible to decide how large the increase may be. It is considered, however, that the increase in flow is probably of the same order as the increase in perfusion pressure and not greatly in excess of this increase. Submitted on August 5, 1958

EFFECT OF VENOUS OCCLUSION ON PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL BLOOD-FLOW

The Lancet ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 257 (6651) ◽  
pp. 380-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
JesseE. Thompson ◽  
JohnR. Vane
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Peripheral Arterial
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