EFFECTS OF CHRONIC INTAKE OF ETHANOL ON RATE OF ETHANOL METABOLISM

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary D. Hawkins ◽  
H. Kalant ◽  
J. M. Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Males And Females

In two separate studies of 6 and 12 weeks duration, adult male rats of the Wistar strain received ethanol in a total daily dose of about 9 g/kg. Growth rate was the same as that of glucose-treated controls. In comparison with controls of comparable weight, ethanol-treated rats showed significant increases in liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LAD) activity at all times after the first 2 weeks, but no significant change in catalase activity. The rate of disappearance of ethanol from the blood after a test dose was also significantly increased in the chronically treated rats, and the increase was initially comparable to that found in LAD activity. Later, the rate of ethanol disappearance rose more than could be explained by increased LAD activity. Normal male rats showed higher liver catalase activity than did normal females, but did not differ in LAD activity, which was higher at 9–10 weeks of age than in older or younger animals. It is suggested that failure of some investigators to find an alcohol-induced increase in LAD activity may be due to different responses by males and females.

scholarly journals Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal Female Rats: Variations during the Estrous Cycle and Comparison with Males

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Nehlig ◽  
Linda J. Porrino ◽  
Alison M. Crane ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study the fluctuations of energy metabolism in discrete brain regions of female rats during the estrous cycle. A consistent though statistically nonsignificant cyclic variation in average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was observed. Highest levels of glucose utilization occurred during proestrus and metestrus, whereas lower rates were found during estrus and diestrus. Statistically significant fluctuations were found specifically in the hypothalamus and in some limbic structures. Rates of glucose utilization in the female rat brain were compared with rates in normal male rats. Statistically significant differences between males and females at any stage of the estrous cycle were confined mainly to hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior. Glucose utilization in males and females was not significantly different in most other cerebral structures.

Growth hormone responses to multiple injections of a fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor in conscious male and female rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Clark ◽  
I. C. A. F. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT The GH responses to single i.v. injections of GH-releasing factor (GRF) in conscious male rats are highly variable. Although normal male rats show a pulsatile secretory pattern of GH with pulses occurring at intervals of 3–3·5 h, the peaks occur at different times in individual animals. We have compared the GH responses of young conscious male and female rats to multiple i.v. injections of 1 μg human (h) GRF1-29NH2. The peak GH responses occurred 3–5 min after hGRF1-29NH2 injection and were lower in female than in male rats. Both males and females responded uniformly to hGRF1-29NH2 injections given 180 min apart and the GH responses became entrained with no endogenous GH pulsing. Female rats produced consistent GH peaks in response to hGRF1-29NH2 injections at 90-min intervals, whereas male rats responded only to alternate injections, so that GH peaks occurred only every 180 min despite giving GRF every 90 min. When the frequency of hGRF1-29NH2 administration was increased to once every 40 min female rats again responded consistently to each injection. Male rats responded intermittently, being able to respond to two injections 40 min apart, after which they became refractory to hGRF1-29NH2. This cycle of varying sensitivity to GRF in male rats probably underlies their 3-hourly endogenous GH secretory rhythm. Female rats can respond uniformly to repeated GRF injections, consistent with their more continuous pattern of endogenous GH secretion. Introducing a pulse of 10 μg rat GH into a series of hGRF1-29NH2 injections did not induce refractoriness to hGRF1-29NH2, suggesting that GH does not itself desensitize the pituitary to GRF. Whether the different patterns of GH secretion in males and females result from different patterns of GRF and/or somatostatin secretion remains to be determined. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 281–289

EFFECTS OF CHRONIC INTAKE OF ETHANOL ON RATE OF ETHANOL METABOLISM: II. INFLUENCE OF SEX AND OF SCHEDULE OF ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Khanna ◽  
H. Kalant ◽  
G. Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Experiment Control

Groups of adult Wistar rats were treated for up to 2 months with ethanol in a total daily dose of 9–12 g/kg, according to one of three different schedules of administration: (a) gavage, with a gradual stepwise increase in dosage, plus additional ethanol in the drinking water; (b) inclusion of ethanol in a liquid diet, with 36% of the calories as ethanol; (c) gavage with large intoxicating doses from the beginning of the experiment. Control animals received equicaloric amounts of sucrose in place of ethanol. Both male and female rats were used in schedule a, but only males in b and c. All three groups showed significant increases in liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and males and females responded alike. The increase was smallest and the variations greatest on schedule c. Liver lactic dehydrogenase activity was not affected, except for a decline during the first 2 weeks on schedule c, when the animals lost weight. When pair-feeding was used (schedule b), there was identical weight gain by the alcohol and control groups.

DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
H. L. Krüskemper ◽  
F. J. Kessler ◽  
E. Steinkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT 1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.

Blood catalase and haematocrit values in a breeding colony of Dutch-belted rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Foote ◽  
E. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rabbit Blood ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Males And Females

Rabbit seminal plasma catalase is much higher than in the semen of other mammals, and differences appear to be inherited. Because of the scarcity of information on rabbit blood catalase and haematocrit in Dutch-belted rabbits, an investigation of possible effects of gender, age and genetics on these variables was undertaken. There were 191 rabbits sampled at 2-3 months, 130 at 12 months and 61 at 18-24 months of age. There was no age effect on the haematocrit values and on blood catalase activity. At 12 months of age males had an average haematocrit value of 44% compared with 40% for females ( P < 0.05). Corresponding average catalase values were 431 and 356 units/ml of blood ( P < 0.05). Also catalase was measured in the semen and blood of 34 males, and males differed in both their blood and semen catalase activity ( P < 0.05). The correlation between the two traits was r = 0.44. Heritability ( h2) estimates, based on 231 rabbits were 0.40 for blood catalase activity, and 0.26 for haematocrit. The genetic correlation between the two variables was 0.83 ( P < 0.05). These studies are consistent with the literature in that female rabbits have a slightly lower haematocrit value than males, and this is associated with a lower catalase activity. This appears to be the first report of a study that compares rabbit blood catalase in males and females of different ages. Preliminary evidence that differences may have a heritable basis is consistent with previous studies on rabbit semen catalase.

Certain aspects of the host-parasite relationship ofNematospiroides dubius(Baylis). II. The effect of sex on experimental infections in the rat (an abnormal host)

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

1. The male rat is more susceptible to infections ofNematospiroides dubiusthan the female. As the rat grows older the resistance of the female rat to infection increases at a greater rate than that of the male.2. The course of the infection is modified by the sex of the host.3. More larvae penetrated the intestinal mucosa to encyst in the male than in the female. More larvae, however, formed cysts in the female than in the male rat by the fifth day.4. The male harboured more adult worms than the female rat, although this difference was not significant in the immature animals.5. The sex resistance of the rat toN. dubiusinfections was removed by bilateral gonadectomy. Castration decreased the susceptibility of the male rat, while spaying increased it in the female compared with the susceptibility in the respective normal hosts.6. Subsequent replacement of the homologous sex hormone in the gonadectomized rat restores the sex resistance, and may even increase it (particularly in the immature animals). Oestradiol increased the resistance of the spayed female rat, while testosterone increased the susceptibility of the castrate male rat to infection.7. Oestradiol implanted in castrate male rats increased the resistance of these hosts to a greater level than was shown in the normal male rat.8. The rat shows a marked age resistance over which the sex resistance is superimposed.9. The relationship between the sex of the host and its resistance to infection is discussed.This work was done during the tenure of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Studentship. My thanks are due to Dr E. T. B. Francis for his helpful and critical supervision and to Professor I. Chester Jones, in whose department the work was done, for the facilities he provided.

Mania with Bupropion: A Dose-Related Phenomenon?

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Goren ◽  
Gary M Levin
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Daily Dose

OBJECTIVE: To report a case in which bipolar depression was resistant to usual therapies, requiring dosages of bupropion >450 mg/d and to review the literature on mania associated with bupropion and propose a potential theory of a dose-related threshold associated with bupropion and mania. CASE SUMMARY: A 44-year-old white man with a 25-year history of bipolar affective disorder presented with depression resistant to usual therapies. Bupropion therapy was initiated and the dosage was titrated to 600 mg/d. After exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose (450 mg/d), he experienced a manic episode attrib uted to high-dose bupropion. DISCUSSION: Due to increased risk of seizures, current prescribing guidelines state that the total daily dose of bupropion is not to exceed 450 mg/d. Since bupropion is the agent least likely to cause a manic switch in bipolar disorder, this agent seemed a logical choice to treat the patient's depression. Due to a lack of response, the bupropion dosage was titrated to a maximum of 600 mg/d. Since the patient did not switch into mania until the dosage exceeded 450 mg/d, we speculate that this adverse reaction is a dose-related phenomenon. Scientific literature supports this theory. CONCLUSIONS: A switch into mania is a potential risk associated with antidepressant drug use in bipolar affective disorder. Bupropion is believed to be associated with a decreased risk compared with other antidepressant therapies. However, our case report as well as others support the theory that this decreased risk may be due to dosages not exceeding the recommended daily dose (450 mg/d). Doses of bupropion >450 mg/d should be used with caution in depressed patients with bipolar affective disorder.

scholarly journals Galactose ingestion increases vascular permeability and collagen solubility in normal male rats.

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chang ◽  
M Tomlinson ◽  
J R Jeffrey ◽  
R G Tilton ◽  
W R Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male

scholarly journals Catalase activity as signal of antioxydant system affection under influence of limb ischemia-reperfusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Volotovska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion

The use of hemostatic tourniquet is a proved means of primary care. However, systemic disorders, as well as ultrastructural, in the area of compression can significantly worsen the condition of the injured organism. The aim. Estimation of catalase level in rats’ liver on the background of modifications of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome to know the severest pathogenic combination for organism. Materials and methods. 260 white adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (KG), EG1 – simulation of isolated ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (IRS) of the limb, EG2 – simulation of isolated volumetric blood loss, EG3 – combination of IRS of the limb with blood loss, EG4 – simulation of isolated mechanical injury of the thigh, EG5 – combination of IRS of the limb and mechanical injury. The variability of catalase level in liver was analyzed. Results. It was found that each of the experimental interventions has led to changes of catalase activity in the liver. The most expressed pathological expressions were observed on the 3rd after interventions, when the studied index in EG3 was lower than in EG1 and EG2 in 6,2 times and by 33,1 %. On the 7th day catalase activity in EG3 was in 9,4 times and by 44,5 % times lower than in EG1 and in EG2 data concordantly. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion with blood loss in EG3 led to exhausting of liver antioxydant enzyme catalase in the most critical posttraumatic period (day 3). The same, but less significant effect was registered in the group of combination of mechanical trauma with ischemia-reperfusion in EG5. This proved the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion. Conclusions. In this experiment, founded risk factors of combination of ischemia-reperfusion with heavy blood loss emphasized the importance and particular attention on such widespread method of bleeding tratment, as the imposition of a tourniquet, as in our experiment it triggered risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown katalase activity depression respectively to the periods of increasing of lipid peroxydation. There was peculiarity, that on the base of isolated IRS catalase activity was increased in 2,5 times comparely to control group, whereas the hardest depression of it was found on the background of IRS, combined with blood loss – catalase activity was lower, comparely to KG – in 2,5 times. The importance of understanding the suppression of hepatocytes’ antyoxydants is great, as it might help in prevention the development of liver failure or hepatorenal syndrome on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion.

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